Text Classification

Text Classification is the task of assigning a sentence or document an appropriate category. The categories depend on the chosen dataset and can range from topics.

Text Classification problems include emotion classification, news classification, citation intent classification, among others. Benchmark datasets for evaluating text classification capabilities include GLUE, AGNews, among others.

In recent years, deep learning techniques like XLNet and RoBERTa have attained some of the biggest performance jumps for text classification problems.

( Image credit: Text Classification Algorithms: A Survey )

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 101–150 of 3635 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype
A Hybrid Model for Few-Shot Text Classification Using Transfer and Meta-Learning	Feb 13, 2025	Few-Shot LearningFew-Shot Text Classification	—Unverified	0
Measuring Diversity in Synthetic Datasets	Feb 12, 2025	ClassificationDiversity	CodeCode Available	1
Don't Just Demo, Teach Me the Principles: A Principle-Based Multi-Agent Prompting Strategy for Text Classification	Feb 11, 2025	ClassificationMulti-class Classification	—Unverified	0
Enhancing Disinformation Detection with Explainable AI and Named Entity Replacement	Feb 7, 2025	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
How does a Multilingual LM Handle Multiple Languages?	Feb 6, 2025	Multilingual NLPMultilingual Word Embeddings	—Unverified	0
Neurons Speak in Ranges: Breaking Free from Discrete Neuronal Attribution	Feb 4, 2025	Decodertext-classification	—Unverified	0
Synthetic Artifact Auditing: Tracing LLM-Generated Synthetic Data Usage in Downstream Applications	Feb 2, 2025	Data Visualizationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
Memory-Efficient Fine-Tuning of Transformers via Token Selection	Jan 31, 2025	Few-Shot LearningQuestion Answering	CodeCode Available	0
Through the Looking Glass: LLM-Based Analysis of AR/VR Android Applications Privacy Policies	Jan 31, 2025	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
General Embedding vs. Task-Specific Embedding: A Comparative Approach to Enhancing NLP Performance	Jan 30, 2025	Multi-Task Learning	—Unverified	0
Semantic Consistency Regularization with Large Language Models for Semi-supervised Sentiment Analysis	Jan 29, 2025	Semi-Supervised Text ClassificationSentiment Analysis	—Unverified	0
Misspellings in Natural Language Processing: A survey	Jan 28, 2025	Data AugmentationMachine Translation	—Unverified	0
Toward Relative Positional Encoding in Spiking Transformers	Jan 28, 2025	image-classificationImage Classification	—Unverified	0
Quantum-Enhanced Attention Mechanism in NLP: A Hybrid Classical-Quantum Approach	Jan 26, 2025	Computational EfficiencyMachine Translation	—Unverified	0
A Comprehensive Framework for Semantic Similarity Analysis of Human and AI-Generated Text Using Transformer Architectures and Ensemble Techniques	Jan 24, 2025	Data AugmentationDomain Adaptation	—Unverified	0
Idiom Detection in Sorani Kurdish Texts	Jan 24, 2025	Machine TranslationSentiment Analysis	—Unverified	0
Multi-Level Attention and Contrastive Learning for Enhanced Text Classification with an Optimized Transformer	Jan 23, 2025	ClassificationContrastive Learning	—Unverified	0
A Transformer-based Autoregressive Decoder Architecture for Hierarchical Text Classification	Jan 23, 2025	Decodertext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
A Study of the Plausibility of Attention between RNN Encoders in Natural Language Inference	Jan 23, 2025	Natural Language InferenceSentence	—Unverified	0
Regularization, Semi-supervision, and Supervision for a Plausible Attention-Based Explanation	Jan 22, 2025	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Empirical Evaluation of Embedding Models in the Context of Text Classification in Document Review in Construction Delay Disputes	Jan 16, 2025	Binary Classificationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
A Simple Graph Contrastive Learning Framework for Short Text Classification	Jan 16, 2025	Contrastive LearningData Augmentation	CodeCode Available	1
Multimodal Marvels of Deep Learning in Medical Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19 Detection	Jan 16, 2025	Deep LearningDiagnostic	CodeCode Available	0
Boosting Short Text Classification with Multi-Source Information Exploration and Dual-Level Contrastive Learning	Jan 16, 2025	Contrastive LearningGraph Learning	CodeCode Available	0
Augmenting Human-Annotated Training Data with Large Language Model Generation and Distillation in Open-Response Assessment	Jan 15, 2025	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	—Unverified	0
Large Language Models For Text Classification: Case Study And Comprehensive Review	Jan 14, 2025	ArticlesBinary Classification	—Unverified	0
READ: Reinforcement-based Adversarial Learning for Text Classification with Limited Labeled Data	Jan 14, 2025	reinforcement-learningReinforcement Learning	—Unverified	0
Universal Training of Neural Networks to Achieve Bayes Optimal Classification Accuracy	Jan 13, 2025	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Robust Hybrid Classical-Quantum Transfer Learning Model for Text Classification Using GPT-Neo 125M with LoRA & SMOTE Enhancement	Jan 12, 2025	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Synthetic Feature Augmentation Improves Generalization Performance of Language Models	Jan 11, 2025	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance	Jan 10, 2025	Machine TranslationMultilingual text classification	—Unverified	0
AgoraSpeech: A multi-annotated comprehensive dataset of political discourse through the lens of humans and AI	Jan 9, 2025	Benchmarkingnamed-entity-recognition	—Unverified	0
Spatial Information Integration in Small Language Models for Document Layout Generation and Classification	Jan 9, 2025	Layout Generationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
The Questio de aqua et terra: A Computational Authorship Verification Study	Jan 7, 2025	Authorship Verificationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Graph-based Retrieval Augmented Generation for Dynamic Few-shot Text Classification	Jan 6, 2025	Data IntegrationFew-Shot Text Classification	—Unverified	0
TARDiS : Text Augmentation for Refining Diversity and Separability	Jan 6, 2025	DiversityFew-Shot Text Classification	—Unverified	0
Multi-Head Explainer: A General Framework to Improve Explainability in CNNs and Transformers	Jan 2, 2025	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
Exploring Variability in Fine-Tuned Models for Text Classification with DistilBERT	Dec 31, 2024	regressionSST-2	—Unverified	0
The Text Classification Pipeline: Starting Shallow going Deeper	Dec 30, 2024	ClassificationInformation Retrieval	—Unverified	0
Text Classification: Neural Networks VS Machine Learning Models VS Pre-trained Models	Dec 30, 2024	Machine Translationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
HindiLLM: Large Language Model for Hindi	Dec 29, 2024	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	—Unverified	0
A Nearly Optimal Single Loop Algorithm for Stochastic Bilevel Optimization under Unbounded Smoothness	Dec 28, 2024	Bilevel OptimizationMeta-Learning	CodeCode Available	0
Assessing Text Classification Methods for Cyberbullying Detection on Social Media Platforms	Dec 27, 2024	CPUGPU	—Unverified	0
A Comparative Study of Machine Unlearning Techniques for Image and Text Classification Models	Dec 27, 2024	Machine Unlearningtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Let the Fuzzy Rule Speak: Enhancing In-context Learning Debiasing with Interpretability	Dec 26, 2024	In-Context LearningMulti Class Text Classification	—Unverified	0
Research Experiment on Multi-Model Comparison for Chinese Text Classification Tasks	Dec 25, 2024	ClassificationInformation Retrieval	—Unverified	0
Injecting Bias into Text Classification Models using Backdoor Attacks	Dec 25, 2024	Backdoor Attacktext-classification	—Unverified	0
Explainability in Neural Networks for Natural Language Processing Tasks	Dec 23, 2024	Decision Makingtext-classification	—Unverified	0
An Experimental Evaluation of Japanese Tokenizers for Sentiment-Based Text Classification	Dec 23, 2024	regressiontext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
Resource-Aware Arabic LLM Creation: Model Adaptation, Integration, and Multi-Domain Testing	Dec 23, 2024	ArabicMMLUDialect Identification	CodeCode Available	1

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All datasets MTEB AG News DBpedia R8 TREC-6 20NEWS UK Key Stage Readability Ohsumed Yahoo! Answers MR Climabench NewsDiscourse

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ST5-XXL	Accuracy	73.42	—	Unverified
2	ST5-XL	Accuracy	72.84	—	Unverified
3	ST5-Large	Accuracy	72.31	—	Unverified
4	Ada Similarity	Accuracy	70.44	—	Unverified
5	SGPT-5.8B-nli	Accuracy	70.14	—	Unverified
6	ST5-Base	Accuracy	69.81	—	Unverified
7	SGPT-5.8B-msmarco	Accuracy	68.13	—	Unverified
8	MPNet-multilingual	Accuracy	67.91	—	Unverified
9	GTR-XXL	Accuracy	67.41	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-BERT-sup	Accuracy	67.32	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mistral-Small-24B + CAPO	Error	15.7	—	Unverified
2	ToWE-SG	Error	14	—	Unverified
3	Qwen2.5-32B + CAPO	Error	12.93	—	Unverified
4	Llama-3.3-70B + CAPO	Error	11.2	—	Unverified
5	Seq2CNN with GWS(50)	Error	9.64	—	Unverified
6	Char-level CNN	Error	9.51	—	Unverified
7	SVDCNN	Error	9.45	—	Unverified
8	VDCN	Error	8.67	—	Unverified
9	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	7.9	—	Unverified
10	CCCapsNet	Error	7.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Seq2CNN(50)	Error	2.77	—	Unverified
2	Char-level CNN	Error	1.55	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-concat	Error	1.43	—	Unverified
4	FastText	Error	1.4	—	Unverified
5	VDCN	Error	1.29	—	Unverified
6	CCCapsNet	Error	1.28	—	Unverified
7	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	1.2	—	Unverified
8	BERT large UDA	Error	1.09	—	Unverified
9	M-ACNN	Error	1.07	—	Unverified
10	EXAM	Error	1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	98.45	—	Unverified
2	C-BERT (ESGNN + BERT)	Accuracy	98.28	—	Unverified
3	ESGNN	Accuracy	98.23	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	98.2	—	Unverified
5	BERT	Accuracy	98.17	—	Unverified
6	SGNN	Accuracy	98.09	—	Unverified
7	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	98.04	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	97.98	—	Unverified
9	Our Model*	Accuracy	97.8	—	Unverified
10	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	97.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TM-Glove	Error	9.96	—	Unverified
2	byte mLSTM7	Error	9.6	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-aver	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
4	DELTA (CNN)	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
5	Capsule-B	Error	7.2	—	Unverified
6	STM+TSED+PT+2L	Error	7.04	—	Unverified
7	GRU-RNN-GLOVE	Error	7	—	Unverified
8	MPAD-path	Error	6.2	—	Unverified
9	VLAWE	Error	5.8	—	Unverified
10	C-LSTM	Error	5.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LinearSVM+TFIDF	Accuracy	93	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.5	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	88.6	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
6	RMDL (15 RDLs)	Accuracy	87.91	—	Unverified
7	Sparse Tensor Classifier	Accuracy	87.3	—	Unverified
8	GraphStar	Accuracy	86.9	—	Unverified
9	NABoE-full	Accuracy	86.8	—	Unverified
10	Text GCN	Accuracy	86.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ELECTRA + ANN	F1	99.6	—	Unverified
2	ERNIE + ANN	F1	99.4	—	Unverified
3	XLNet + ANN	F1	99.2	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa + ANN	F1	98.7	—	Unverified
5	Longformer + ANN	F1	93.9	—	Unverified
6	BERT + ANN	F1	90.5	—	Unverified
7	ALBERT + ANN	F1	79.7	—	Unverified
8	BERT	F1	75	—	Unverified
9	DistilBERT	F1	74.4	—	Unverified
10	XLNet	F1	74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	72.8	—	Unverified
2	Our Model*	Accuracy	69.4	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
6	Text GCN	Accuracy	68.36	—	Unverified
7	GraphStar	Accuracy	64.2	—	Unverified
8	ApproxRepSet	Accuracy	64.06	—	Unverified
9	REL-RWMD k-NN	Accuracy	58.74	—	Unverified
10	CNN+Lowercased	Accuracy	36.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-ITPT-FiT	Accuracy	77.62	—	Unverified
2	DRNN	Accuracy	76.26	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (HAN)	Accuracy	75.1	—	Unverified
4	EXAM	Accuracy	74.8	—	Unverified
5	DNC+CUW	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
6	ULMFiT (Small data)	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
7	CCCapsNet	Accuracy	73.85	—	Unverified
8	SWEM-concat	Accuracy	73.53	—	Unverified
9	FastText	Accuracy	72.3	—	Unverified
10	Seq2CNN(50)	Accuracy	55.39	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	90.21	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.7	—	Unverified
3	ERNIE 2.0 (optimized)	Accuracy	89.53	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa	Accuracy	89.42	—	Unverified
5	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	88.97	—	Unverified
6	BERT	Accuracy	86.94	—	Unverified
7	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	86.02	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	85.31	—	Unverified
9	SSGC	Accuracy	76.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CliReBERT (P0L3/clirebert_clirevocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.65	—	Unverified
2	ClimateBERT (climatebert/distilroberta-base-climate-f)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.64	—	Unverified
3	BERT (google-bert/bert-base-uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
4	CliSciBERT (P0L3/cliscibert_scivocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
5	SciBERT (allenai/scibert_scivocab_cased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.59	—	Unverified
6	DistilRoBERTa (distilbert/distilroberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
7	SciClimateBERT (P0L3/sciclimatebert)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
8	RoBERTa (FacebookAI/roberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.57	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Human (Post-Rec.) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	73.69	—	Unverified
2	MT-Mac (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	63.46	—	Unverified
3	MT-Mic (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	61.89	—	Unverified
4	RL-IP/TT (Choubey et al., 2021)	macro F1	57	—	Unverified
5	Document LSTM + Document encoding (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	54.4	—	Unverified
6	CRF Fine-grained (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	52.9	—	Unverified
7	Human (Blind) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	46.18	—	Unverified
8	Feature-based (SVM) (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	38.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	1-6 BertGCN	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	GraphStar	Accuracy	95	—	Unverified
3	Our Model*	Accuracy	94.6	—	Unverified
4	SSGC	Accuracy	94.5	—	Unverified
5	SGC	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
6	SGCN	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
7	Text GCN	Accuracy	93.56	—	Unverified
8	TM-Glove	Accuracy	89.14	—	Unverified