Classification

Classification is the task of categorizing a set of data into predefined classes or groups. The aim of classification is to train a model to correctly predict the class or group of new, unseen data. The model is trained on a labeled dataset where each instance is assigned a class label. The learning algorithm then builds a mapping between the features of the data and the class labels. This mapping is then used to predict the class label of new, unseen data points. The quality of the prediction is usually evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, precision, and recall.

Papers

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Showing 1501–1550 of 12815 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Score
A Deep Unsupervised Feature Learning Spiking Neural Network with Binarized Classification Layers for EMNIST Classification using SpykeFlow	Feb 26, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Explaining Black-box Models for Biomedical Text Classification	Dec 20, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
An Effectiveness Metric for Ordinal Classification: Formal Properties and Experimental Results	Jun 1, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
A Comparative Study on Machine Learning-based Approaches for Improving Traffic Accident Severity Prediction	Nov 2, 2021	ClassificationCrash injury severity	CodeCode Available	5
Explainable multiple abnormality classification of chest CT volumes	Nov 24, 2021	ClassificationMultiple Instance Learning	CodeCode Available	5
Explaining Convolutional Neural Networks using Softmax Gradient Layer-wise Relevance Propagation	Aug 6, 2019	AttributeClassification	CodeCode Available	5
Explaining Relation Classification Models with Semantic Extents	Aug 4, 2023	ClassificationRelation	CodeCode Available	5
Facies Classification with Copula Entropy	Jan 24, 2025	ClassificationFacies Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Fusing CNNs and statistical indicators to improve image classification	Dec 20, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Expelled kidney stones classification using feature fusion	Apr 12, 2021	ClassificationSensitivity	CodeCode Available	5
A Deep Neuro-Fuzzy Network for Image Classification	Dec 22, 2019	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Experiments with Universal CEFR Classification	Apr 18, 2018	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
EXoN: EXplainable encoder Network	May 23, 2021	Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Expanding the Horizon: Enabling Hybrid Quantum Transfer Learning for Long-Tailed Chest X-Ray Classification	Apr 30, 2024	Binary ClassificationClassification	CodeCode Available	5
Expert identification of visual primitives used by CNNs during mammogram classification	Mar 13, 2018	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Evolving Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Classification	Oct 30, 2017	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
A Deep Neural Architecture for Sentence-level Sentiment Classification in Twitter Social Networking	Jun 25, 2017	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Examining Temporality in Document Classification	Jul 1, 2018	ClassificationDocument Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Evolutionary Data Measures: Understanding the Difficulty of Text Classification Tasks	Nov 5, 2018	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Evolutionary Optimization for the Classification of Small Molecules Regulating the Circadian Rhythm Period: A Reliable Assessment	Apr 27, 2025	Classificationfeature selection	CodeCode Available	5
eXclusive Autoencoder (XAE) for Nucleus Detection and Classification on Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) Stained Histopathological Images	Nov 27, 2018	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Explainability Guided Multi-Site COVID-19 CT Classification	Mar 25, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluation of Output Embeddings for Fine-Grained Image Classification	Sep 30, 2014	ClassificationFew-Shot Image Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluation of Dataflow through layers of Deep Neural Networks in Classification and Regression Problems	Jun 12, 2019	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Event-based Dynamic Graph Representation Learning for Patent Application Trend Prediction	Aug 4, 2023	ClassificationGraph Learning	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluation Measures for Hierarchical Classification: a unified view and novel approaches	Jun 28, 2013	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
A Comparative Study on Efficiencies of Variants of Convolutional Neural Networks based on Image Classification Task	Oct 15, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluation of convolutional neural networks using a large multi-subject P300 dataset	Jan 10, 2020	ClassificationERP	CodeCode Available	5
Event Classification with Multi-step Machine Learning	Jun 4, 2021	BIG-bench Machine LearningClassification	CodeCode Available	5
A Deep Learning Model for Chilean Bills Classification	Dec 21, 2019	ClassificationData Augmentation	CodeCode Available	5
An Automated Ensemble Learning Framework Using Genetic Programming for Image Classification	Jul 1, 2019	ClassificationDiversity	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluating ResNeXt Model Architecture for Image Classification	May 9, 2018	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Every Document Owns Its Structure: Inductive Text Classification via Graph Neural Networks	Apr 22, 2020	ClassificationDocument Embedding	CodeCode Available	5
Explainable AI for Classification using Probabilistic Logic Inference	May 5, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluating Generalization Ability of Convolutional Neural Networks and Capsule Networks for Image Classification via Top-2 Classification	Jan 29, 2019	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluating Gammatone Frequency Cepstral Coefficients with Neural Networks for Emotion Recognition from Speech	Jun 23, 2018	ClassificationEmotion Recognition	CodeCode Available	5
Language-biased image classification: evaluation based on semantic representations	Jan 26, 2022	Classificationimage-classification	CodeCode Available	5
An Attention-Gated Convolutional Neural Network for Sentence Classification	Aug 22, 2018	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluating data augmentation for financial time series classification	Oct 28, 2020	ClassificationData Augmentation	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluating Explanation Methods for Multivariate Time Series Classification	Aug 29, 2023	ClassificationTime Series	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluating Large Language Models for Phishing Detection, Self-Consistency, Faithfulness, and Explainability	Jun 16, 2025	ClassificationContrastive Learning	CodeCode Available	5
A Deep Learning based Pipeline for Efficient Oral Cancer Screening on Whole Slide Images	Oct 23, 2019	Cancer ClassificationClassification	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluating 35 Methods to Generate Structural Connectomes Using Pairwise Classification	Jun 19, 2017	ClassificationDiffusion MRI	CodeCode Available	5
Estimation and Applications of Quantiles in Deep Binary Classification	Feb 9, 2021	Binary ClassificationClassification	CodeCode Available	5
ETran: Energy-Based Transferability Estimation	Aug 3, 2023	Classificationimage-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluating Bayesian deep learning for radio galaxy classification	May 28, 2024	AstronomyClassification	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluating model calibration in classification	Feb 19, 2019	ClassificationDecision Making	CodeCode Available	5
Error Feedback Can Accurately Compress Preconditioners	Jun 9, 2023	ClassificationSecond-order methods	CodeCode Available	5
Equine Pain Behavior Classification via Self-Supervised Disentangled Pose Representation	Aug 30, 2021	Classification	CodeCode Available	5
E-Scooter Rider Detection and Classification in Dense Urban Environments	May 20, 2022	Autonomous VehiclesClassification	CodeCode Available	5

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All datasets InDL MHIST N-ImageNet SPOT-10 Full-body Parkinson’s disease dataset Autoimmune Dataset N-CARS N-ImageNet (mini)ImageNet C-OOD (class-out-of-distribution)CWRU Bearing Dataset Burr classification images ForgeryNet

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ConvNext	Average Recall	93.47	—	Unverified
2	VGG16	Average Recall	92.86	—	Unverified
3	DenseNet201	Average Recall	90.99	—	Unverified
4	Inception ResNet V2	Average Recall	90.27	—	Unverified
5	Xception	Average Recall	89.81	—	Unverified
6	NASNetLarge	Average Recall	89.52	—	Unverified
7	Darknet53	Average Recall	88.53	—	Unverified
8	ResNetV2_50	Average Recall	88.08	—	Unverified
9	MobileNetV3	Average Recall	84.28	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MoCo-v2 (ResNet-50)	Accuracy	88.03	—	Unverified
2	MoCo-v2 (ResNet-50)	Accuracy	85.88	—	Unverified
3	Barlow Twins (ResNet-50)	Accuracy	84.03	—	Unverified
4	SwAV (ResNet-50)	Accuracy	83.21	—	Unverified
5	Supervised (ViT-S/16)	Accuracy	81.68	—	Unverified
6	Barlow Rwins (ResNet-50)	Accuracy	81.27	—	Unverified
7	DINO (ViT-S/16)	Accuracy	79.43	—	Unverified
8	Supervised (ResNet-50)	Accuracy	78.92	—	Unverified
9	SwAV (ResNet-50)	Accuracy	77.99	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Event Spike Tensor	Accuracy (%)	48.93	—	Unverified
2	DiST	Accuracy (%)	48.43	—	Unverified
3	Sorted Time Surface	Accuracy (%)	47.9	—	Unverified
4	Event Histogram	Accuracy (%)	47.73	—	Unverified
5	HATS	Accuracy (%)	47.14	—	Unverified
6	Binary Event Image	Accuracy (%)	46.36	—	Unverified
7	Timestamp Image	Accuracy (%)	45.86	—	Unverified
8	Event Image	Accuracy (%)	45.77	—	Unverified
9	Time Surface	Accuracy (%)	44.32	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DenseNet121 Distiller	Accuracy	81.84	—	Unverified
2	ResNet101V2 Distiller	Accuracy	80.29	—	Unverified
3	ResNet50V2 Distiller	Accuracy	79.03	—	Unverified
4	MobileNet Distiller	Accuracy	78.26	—	Unverified
5	MobileNetV3Small Distiller	Accuracy	78.04	—	Unverified
6	MobileNetV3Large Distiller	Accuracy	77.88	—	Unverified
7	NASNetMobile Distiller	Accuracy	77.75	—	Unverified
8	MobileNetV2 Distiller	Accuracy	77.53	—	Unverified
9	ResNet50 Distiller	Accuracy	77.45	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	PoseFormerV2	F1-score (weighted)	0.59	—	Unverified
2	PD STGCN	F1-score (weighted)	0.48	—	Unverified
3	MotionBERT	F1-score (weighted)	0.47	—	Unverified
4	Pose Transformers (POTR)	F1-score (weighted)	0.46	—	Unverified
5	MotionBERT-LITE	F1-score (weighted)	0.43	—	Unverified
6	MotionAGFormer	F1-score (weighted)	0.42	—	Unverified
7	Mixste	F1-score (weighted)	0.41	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Swin Transformer Base (Patch 4 Window 12)	F1 score	0.89	—	Unverified
2	CASS	F1 score	0.89	—	Unverified
3	CASS	F1 score	0.87	—	Unverified
4	DINO	F1 score	0.86	—	Unverified
5	DINO	F1 score	0.84	—	Unverified
6	VANBUREN et all	F1 score	0.63	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MEM	Accuracy (%)	98.55	—	Unverified
2	GET	Accuracy (%)	96.7	—	Unverified
3	ResNet34 + EST	Accuracy (%)	92.5	—	Unverified
4	Spiking VGG-11	Accuracy (%)	92.4	—	Unverified
5	Spiking MobileNet-64	Accuracy (%)	91.7	—	Unverified
6	Spiking DenseNet121-24	Accuracy (%)	90.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Event Imge	Accuracy (%)	61.42	—	Unverified
2	Event Histogram	Accuracy (%)	61.02	—	Unverified
3	Timestamp Image	Accuracy (%)	60.46	—	Unverified
4	DiST	Accuracy (%)	59.74	—	Unverified
5	Sorted Time Surface	Accuracy (%)	58.38	—	Unverified
6	Binary Event Image	Accuracy (%)	53.52	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ViT-L/32-384 with Max-logit	Detection AUROC (severity 0)	1	—	Unverified
2	ViT-L/32-384 with ODIN	Detection AUROC (severity 0)	1	—	Unverified
3	ViT-L/32-384 with Entropy	Detection AUROC (severity 0)	0.99	—	Unverified
4	ViT-L/32-384 with MC Dropout	Detection AUROC (severity 0)	0.99	—	Unverified
5	ViT-L/32-384 with Softmax	Detection AUROC (severity 0)	0.99	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MixMamba-Fewshot	10 fold Cross validation	99.93	—	Unverified
2	Few-shot Transformer Covariance	10 fold Cross validation	99.86	—	Unverified
3	MCNN-LSTM	10 fold Cross validation	98.46	—	Unverified
4	CNN	10 fold Cross validation	7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	70_divisions	precision	93.2	—	Unverified
2	80_divisions	precision	93.2	—	Unverified
3	60_divisions	precision	93.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MINTIME-XC	AUC	94.25	—	Unverified
2	SlowFast R-50	AUC	90.86	—	Unverified
3	MINTIME-EF	AUC	90.45	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DenseNet121	Robustness Score	0.91	—	Unverified
2	ResNet 50	Robustness Score	0.9	—	Unverified
3	VGG-16	Robustness Score	0.88	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BIOSCAN_1M_order_classifier	Macro F1	92.65	—	Unverified
2	BIOSCAN_1M_family_classifier	Macro F1	91.45	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	OPT-1.3B	Test Accuracy	62.5	—	Unverified
2	OPT-125M	Test Accuracy	61.6	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	OPT-1.3B	Test Accuracy	75.71	—	Unverified
2	OPT-125M	Test Accuracy	75	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	GPT-4	1 shot Micro-F1	96.86	—	Unverified
2	BiLSTM-CRF	1 shot Micro-F1	82.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	SVM	F1-score (Weighted)	86.19	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTa	F1-score (Weighted)	78.13	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	GLNet	1:1 Accuracy	95.07	—	Unverified
2	CPM	1:1 Accuracy	50	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	OPT-1.3B	Test Accuracy	60.89	—	Unverified
2	OPT-125M	Test Accuracy	57.05	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ELM Neuron	Accuracy (%)	82	—	Unverified
2	LSTM	Accuracy (%)	10	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	OPT-1.3B	Test Accuracy	90.78	—	Unverified
2	OPT-125M	Test Accuracy	85.08	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	OPT-1.3B	Test Accuracy	56.14	—	Unverified
2	OPT-125M	Test Accuracy	53.38	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	OPT-1.3B	Test Accuracy	64.16	—	Unverified
2	OPT-125M	Test Accuracy	59.59	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MambaNet	AUROC	0.91	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RandomForestClassifier	Accuracy	82	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CNN + Attention + LSTM + CNN	Accuracy (%)	86.91	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	WeaSEL	1:1 Accuracy	86	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DINO	F1 score	0.99	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	AAPSO-Deep Feature Selection	Accuracy	98.41	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CNN	Validation Accuracy	93.55	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ResNet8×4	Accuracy	77.5	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ViT-L/16 (Background)	Accuracy on Brightness Corrupted Images	99.03	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Random Forest	AUC	0.97	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	lstm	Accuracy	0.72	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MSTP	Accuracy	95.11	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RECALL	Overall accuracy after last sequence	57.83	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RECALL	Overall accuracy after last sequence	4,065	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RRWNet	Accuracy	0.98	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TD-CNN- Attention	F1 score	99.71	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CLIP-RN50x64	1-of-100 Accuracy	61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	SVM	F1 (%)	97.72	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RRWNet	Accuracy	0.95	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	HSQformer	AUC	83.83	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	WaferSegClassNet	Accuracy	0.98	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	C-Tran, preprocessing, augmentation	ML F1	0.57	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	μ RadNet	1:1 Accuracy	99.22	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Resnet 50	Accuracy (% )	92.5	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RRWNet	Accuracy	0.97	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	pFedBreD_ns_mg	Accuracy	73.81	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	SGD_ss	F1 (Seqeval)	2,020	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LangGas	Frame Level Accuracy	0.89	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	1DCNN-ResNet	macro f1 score (A(100), B(100), C(100) Avg.)	0.99	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BRIDGE	Accuracy	25.6	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MSI-H Transformer	AUPRC	0.58	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BRIDGE	Accuracy	42.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BRIDGE	Accuracy	36.2	—	Unverified