Text Classification

Text Classification is the task of assigning a sentence or document an appropriate category. The categories depend on the chosen dataset and can range from topics.

Text Classification problems include emotion classification, news classification, citation intent classification, among others. Benchmark datasets for evaluating text classification capabilities include GLUE, AGNews, among others.

In recent years, deep learning techniques like XLNet and RoBERTa have attained some of the biggest performance jumps for text classification problems.

( Image credit: Text Classification Algorithms: A Survey )

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 2901–2950 of 3635 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status
Cross-domain Text Classification with Multiple Domains and Disparate Label Sets	Aug 1, 2016	Cross-Domain Text ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified
Cross Encoding as Augmentation: Towards Effective Educational Text Classification	May 30, 2023	ClassificationData Augmentation	—Unverified
Cross-Language Authorship Attribution	May 1, 2014	Authorship AttributionInformation Retrieval	—Unverified
Cross-Lingual Classification of Topics in Political Texts	Aug 1, 2017	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified
Cross-lingual Data Transformation and Combination for Text Classification	Jun 23, 2019	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified
Cross-Lingual Genre Classification	Apr 1, 2012	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified
Cross-Lingual Task-Specific Representation Learning for Text Classification in Resource Poor Languages	Jun 10, 2018	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified
Cross-lingual Text Classification Using Topic-Dependent Word Probabilities	May 1, 2015	ArticlesClassification	—Unverified
Cross-Lingual Text Classification with Multilingual Distillation and Zero-Shot-Aware Training	Feb 28, 2022	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	—Unverified
Cross-lingual Transfer for Unsupervised Dependency Parsing Without Parallel Data	Jul 1, 2015	Cross-Lingual TransferDependency Parsing	—Unverified
Cross-Topic Authorship Attribution: Will Out-Of-Topic Data Help?	Aug 1, 2014	Authorship AttributionText Classification	—Unverified
CrossTune: Black-Box Few-Shot Classification with Label Enhancement	Mar 19, 2024	Few-Shot Text ClassificationIn-Context Learning	—Unverified
CrowdTSC: Crowd-based Neural Networks for Text Sentiment Classification	Apr 26, 2020	ClassificationClustering	—Unverified
cs@DravidianLangTech-EACL2021: Offensive Language Identification Based On Multilingual BERT Model	Apr 1, 2021	Language Identificationtext-classification	—Unverified
CSE: Conceptual Sentence Embeddings based on Attention Model	Aug 1, 2016	Information RetrievalSentence	—Unverified
Curating Stopwords in Marathi: A TF-IDF Approach for Improved Text Analysis and Information Retrieval	Jun 16, 2024	Information RetrievalRetrieval	—Unverified
Curriculum Discovery through an Encompassing Curriculum Learning Framework	Sep 29, 2021	Natural Language Inferencetext-classification	—Unverified
CXP949 at WNUT-2020 Task 2: Extracting Informative COVID-19 Tweets - RoBERTa Ensembles and The Continued Relevance of Handcrafted Features	Nov 1, 2020	ClassificationLanguage Modeling	—Unverified
Cyber-aggression Detection using Cross Segment-and-Concatenate Multi-Task Learning from Text	Aug 1, 2018	General ClassificationMulti-Task Learning	—Unverified
Cyberbullying Intervention Based on Convolutional Neural Networks	Aug 1, 2018	BIG-bench Machine LearningGeneral Classification	—Unverified
daminglu123 at SemEval-2022 Task 2: Using BERT and LSTM to Do Text Classification	Jul 1, 2022	Task 2text-classification	—Unverified
DARTFormer: Finding The Best Type Of Attention	Oct 2, 2022	ListOpsNeural Architecture Search	—Unverified
Data61-CSIRO systems at the CLPsych 2016 Shared Task	Jun 1, 2016	Text Classification	—Unverified
Data Augmentation Based on Distributed Expressions in Text Classification Tasks	Oct 1, 2019	ClassificationData Augmentation	—Unverified
Data Augmentation for Multiclass Utterance Classification -- A Systematic Study	Dec 1, 2020	ClassificationData Augmentation	—Unverified
On Evaluation Protocols for Data Augmentation in a Limited Data Scenario	Feb 22, 2024	Data Augmentationtext-classification	—Unverified
Data Augmentation using Transformers and Similarity Measures for Improving Arabic Text Classification	Dec 28, 2022	ClassificationData Augmentation	—Unverified
Data Augmentation with Dual Training for Offensive Span Detection	Jul 1, 2022	Data AugmentationLanguage Modeling	—Unverified
Data Augmentation with Sentence Recombination Method for Semi-supervised Text Classification	Nov 16, 2021	Data AugmentationSemi-Supervised Text Classification	—Unverified
Data Boost: Text Data Augmentation Through Reinforcement Learning Guided Conditional Generation	Dec 5, 2020	Data Augmentationreinforcement-learning	—Unverified
Data Collection for Dialogue System: A Startup Perspective	Jun 1, 2018	General Classificationintent-classification	—Unverified
Data-Driven Regular Expressions Evolution for Medical Text Classification Using Genetic Programming	Dec 4, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified
Data Generation Using Large Language Models for Text Classification: An Empirical Case Study	Jun 27, 2024	DiversityNatural Language Understanding	—Unverified
Data Mining with Shallow vs. Linguistic Features to Study Diversification of Scientific Registers	May 1, 2014	Text CategorizationText Classification	—Unverified
Data Quality Enhancement on the Basis of Diversity with Large Language Models for Text Classification: Uncovered, Difficult, and Noisy	Dec 9, 2024	ClassificationDiversity	—Unverified
Data Quality Matters: Suicide Intention Detection on Social Media Posts Using RoBERTa-CNN	Feb 3, 2024	Depression DetectionSentiment Analysis	—Unverified
Data, tools and resources for mining social media drug chatter	Dec 1, 2016	EpidemiologyGeneral Classification	—Unverified
DataWords: Getting Contrarian with Text, Structured Data and Explanations	Nov 9, 2021	Classificationnamed-entity-recognition	—Unverified
Deep Argumentative Explanations	Dec 10, 2020	Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)Text Classification	—Unverified
D-CALM: A Dynamic Clustering-based Active Learning Approach for Mitigating Bias	May 26, 2023	Active LearningClustering	—Unverified
Debiasing Embeddings for Reduced Gender Bias in Text Classification	Aug 7, 2019	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified
Deception Detection for the Russian Language: Lexical and Syntactic Parameters	Sep 1, 2017	Binary text classificationDeception Detection	—Unverified
Deception Detection in News Reports in the Russian Language: Lexics and Discourse	Sep 1, 2017	Deception DetectionFact Checking	—Unverified
Deception detection in Russian texts	Apr 1, 2017	Deception Detectiontext-classification	—Unverified
Deceptive AI Explanations: Creation and Detection	Jan 21, 2020	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified
Decoding Linguistic Nuances in Mental Health Text Classification Using Expressive Narrative Stories	Dec 20, 2024	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified
Deconstructing Classifiers: Towards A Data Reconstruction Attack Against Text Classification Models	Jun 23, 2023	ClassificationReconstruction Attack	—Unverified
Deep Active Learning for Text Classification with Diverse Interpretations	Aug 15, 2021	Active LearningClassification	—Unverified
Deep Attention Diffusion Graph Neural Networks for Text Classification	Nov 1, 2021	ClassificationDeep Attention	—Unverified
Deep Bayesian Learning and Understanding	Aug 1, 2018	Document SummarizationMachine Translation	—Unverified

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All datasets MTEB AG News DBpedia R8 TREC-6 20NEWS UK Key Stage Readability Ohsumed Yahoo! Answers MR Climabench NewsDiscourse

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ST5-XXL	Accuracy	73.42	—	Unverified
2	ST5-XL	Accuracy	72.84	—	Unverified
3	ST5-Large	Accuracy	72.31	—	Unverified
4	Ada Similarity	Accuracy	70.44	—	Unverified
5	SGPT-5.8B-nli	Accuracy	70.14	—	Unverified
6	ST5-Base	Accuracy	69.81	—	Unverified
7	SGPT-5.8B-msmarco	Accuracy	68.13	—	Unverified
8	MPNet-multilingual	Accuracy	67.91	—	Unverified
9	GTR-XXL	Accuracy	67.41	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-BERT-sup	Accuracy	67.32	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mistral-Small-24B + CAPO	Error	15.7	—	Unverified
2	ToWE-SG	Error	14	—	Unverified
3	Qwen2.5-32B + CAPO	Error	12.93	—	Unverified
4	Llama-3.3-70B + CAPO	Error	11.2	—	Unverified
5	Seq2CNN with GWS(50)	Error	9.64	—	Unverified
6	Char-level CNN	Error	9.51	—	Unverified
7	SVDCNN	Error	9.45	—	Unverified
8	VDCN	Error	8.67	—	Unverified
9	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	7.9	—	Unverified
10	CCCapsNet	Error	7.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Seq2CNN(50)	Error	2.77	—	Unverified
2	Char-level CNN	Error	1.55	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-concat	Error	1.43	—	Unverified
4	FastText	Error	1.4	—	Unverified
5	VDCN	Error	1.29	—	Unverified
6	CCCapsNet	Error	1.28	—	Unverified
7	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	1.2	—	Unverified
8	BERT large UDA	Error	1.09	—	Unverified
9	M-ACNN	Error	1.07	—	Unverified
10	EXAM	Error	1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	98.45	—	Unverified
2	C-BERT (ESGNN + BERT)	Accuracy	98.28	—	Unverified
3	ESGNN	Accuracy	98.23	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	98.2	—	Unverified
5	BERT	Accuracy	98.17	—	Unverified
6	SGNN	Accuracy	98.09	—	Unverified
7	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	98.04	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	97.98	—	Unverified
9	Our Model*	Accuracy	97.8	—	Unverified
10	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	97.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TM-Glove	Error	9.96	—	Unverified
2	byte mLSTM7	Error	9.6	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-aver	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
4	DELTA (CNN)	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
5	Capsule-B	Error	7.2	—	Unverified
6	STM+TSED+PT+2L	Error	7.04	—	Unverified
7	GRU-RNN-GLOVE	Error	7	—	Unverified
8	MPAD-path	Error	6.2	—	Unverified
9	VLAWE	Error	5.8	—	Unverified
10	C-LSTM	Error	5.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LinearSVM+TFIDF	Accuracy	93	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.5	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	88.6	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
6	RMDL (15 RDLs)	Accuracy	87.91	—	Unverified
7	Sparse Tensor Classifier	Accuracy	87.3	—	Unverified
8	GraphStar	Accuracy	86.9	—	Unverified
9	NABoE-full	Accuracy	86.8	—	Unverified
10	Text GCN	Accuracy	86.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ELECTRA + ANN	F1	99.6	—	Unverified
2	ERNIE + ANN	F1	99.4	—	Unverified
3	XLNet + ANN	F1	99.2	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa + ANN	F1	98.7	—	Unverified
5	Longformer + ANN	F1	93.9	—	Unverified
6	BERT + ANN	F1	90.5	—	Unverified
7	ALBERT + ANN	F1	79.7	—	Unverified
8	BERT	F1	75	—	Unverified
9	DistilBERT	F1	74.4	—	Unverified
10	XLNet	F1	74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	72.8	—	Unverified
2	Our Model*	Accuracy	69.4	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
6	Text GCN	Accuracy	68.36	—	Unverified
7	GraphStar	Accuracy	64.2	—	Unverified
8	ApproxRepSet	Accuracy	64.06	—	Unverified
9	REL-RWMD k-NN	Accuracy	58.74	—	Unverified
10	CNN+Lowercased	Accuracy	36.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-ITPT-FiT	Accuracy	77.62	—	Unverified
2	DRNN	Accuracy	76.26	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (HAN)	Accuracy	75.1	—	Unverified
4	EXAM	Accuracy	74.8	—	Unverified
5	DNC+CUW	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
6	ULMFiT (Small data)	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
7	CCCapsNet	Accuracy	73.85	—	Unverified
8	SWEM-concat	Accuracy	73.53	—	Unverified
9	FastText	Accuracy	72.3	—	Unverified
10	Seq2CNN(50)	Accuracy	55.39	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	90.21	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.7	—	Unverified
3	ERNIE 2.0 (optimized)	Accuracy	89.53	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa	Accuracy	89.42	—	Unverified
5	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	88.97	—	Unverified
6	BERT	Accuracy	86.94	—	Unverified
7	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	86.02	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	85.31	—	Unverified
9	SSGC	Accuracy	76.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CliReBERT (P0L3/clirebert_clirevocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.65	—	Unverified
2	ClimateBERT (climatebert/distilroberta-base-climate-f)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.64	—	Unverified
3	BERT (google-bert/bert-base-uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
4	CliSciBERT (P0L3/cliscibert_scivocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
5	SciBERT (allenai/scibert_scivocab_cased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.59	—	Unverified
6	DistilRoBERTa (distilbert/distilroberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
7	SciClimateBERT (P0L3/sciclimatebert)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
8	RoBERTa (FacebookAI/roberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.57	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Human (Post-Rec.) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	73.69	—	Unverified
2	MT-Mac (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	63.46	—	Unverified
3	MT-Mic (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	61.89	—	Unverified
4	RL-IP/TT (Choubey et al., 2021)	macro F1	57	—	Unverified
5	Document LSTM + Document encoding (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	54.4	—	Unverified
6	CRF Fine-grained (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	52.9	—	Unverified
7	Human (Blind) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	46.18	—	Unverified
8	Feature-based (SVM) (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	38.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	1-6 BertGCN	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	GraphStar	Accuracy	95	—	Unverified
3	Our Model*	Accuracy	94.6	—	Unverified
4	SSGC	Accuracy	94.5	—	Unverified
5	SGC	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
6	SGCN	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
7	Text GCN	Accuracy	93.56	—	Unverified
8	TM-Glove	Accuracy	89.14	—	Unverified