Text Classification

Text Classification is the task of assigning a sentence or document an appropriate category. The categories depend on the chosen dataset and can range from topics.

Text Classification problems include emotion classification, news classification, citation intent classification, among others. Benchmark datasets for evaluating text classification capabilities include GLUE, AGNews, among others.

In recent years, deep learning techniques like XLNet and RoBERTa have attained some of the biggest performance jumps for text classification problems.

( Image credit: Text Classification Algorithms: A Survey )

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 2401–2450 of 3635 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status
AcTune: Uncertainty-Aware Active Self-Training for Active Fine-Tuning of Pretrained Language Models	Jan 16, 2022	Active Learningtext-classification	—Unverified
A Curriculum Learning Approach for Multi-domain Text Classification Using Keyword weight Ranking	Oct 27, 2022	Classificationtext-classification	—Unverified
Adaptable Embeddings Network (AEN)	Nov 21, 2024	ClassificationDensity Estimation	—Unverified
Adaptation of Autoencoder for Sparsity Reduction From Clinical Notes Representation Learning	Sep 26, 2022	feature selectionRepresentation Learning	—Unverified
Adaptive Convolution for Text Classification	Jun 1, 2019	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified
Adaptive Learning of Local Semantic and Global Structure Representations for Text Classification	Aug 1, 2018	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified
Adaptive Regularization of Labels	Aug 15, 2019	Data AugmentationKnowledge Distillation	—Unverified
A Dataset for Multi-lingual Epidemiological Event Extraction	May 1, 2020	ArticlesEvent Extraction	—Unverified
Add a SideNet to your MainNet	Jul 14, 2020	General ClassificationKnowledge Distillation	—Unverified
A Deep Learning Approach for Tweet Classification and Rescue Scheduling for Effective Disaster Management	Aug 5, 2019	Feature EngineeringGeneral Classification	—Unverified
A Deep Network with Visual Text Composition Behavior	Jul 5, 2017	General ClassificationSentence	—Unverified
A Deep Reinforced Sequence-to-Set Model for Multi-Label Text Classification	Sep 10, 2018	Deep Reinforcement LearningGeneral Classification	—Unverified
A Disease Labeler for Chinese Chest X-Ray Report Generation	Mar 18, 2024	DiagnosticMedical Image Analysis	—Unverified
A Distant Supervision Approach for Identifying Perspectives in Unstructured User-Generated Text	Oct 1, 2013	Information RetrievalText Classification	—Unverified
Ad Lingua: Text Classification Improves Symbolism Prediction in Image Advertisements	Dec 1, 2020	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	—Unverified
A Domain Adaptation Regularization for Denoising Autoencoders	Aug 1, 2016	DenoisingDocument Ranking	—Unverified
Adopting the Multi-answer Questioning Task with an Auxiliary Metric for Extreme Multi-label Text Classification Utilizing the Label Hierarchy	Mar 2, 2023	ClassificationExtreme Multi-Label Classification	—Unverified
Ad Text Classification with Transformer-Based Natural Language Processing Methods	Jun 21, 2021	ClassificationLanguage Modeling	—Unverified
A Dutch Dataset for Cross-lingual Multilabel Toxicity Detection	Sep 1, 2021	Multi Label Text ClassificationMulti-Label Text Classification	—Unverified
Advancing Chinese biomedical text mining with community challenges	Mar 7, 2024	AttributeAttribute Extraction	—Unverified
Advancing Linguistic Features and Insights by Label-informed Feature Grouping: An Exploration in the Context of Native Language Identification	Dec 1, 2016	ClusteringLanguage Acquisition	—Unverified
Advancing Single and Multi-task Text Classification through Large Language Model Fine-tuning	Dec 11, 2024	ClassificationDecoder	—Unverified
Adversarial Attacks and Dimensionality in Text Classifiers	Apr 3, 2024	Adversarial AttackAdversarial Defense	—Unverified
Adversarial Clean Label Backdoor Attacks and Defenses on Text Classification Systems	May 31, 2023	Data Poisoningtext-classification	—Unverified
Adversarial Evasion Attack Efficiency against Large Language Models	Jun 12, 2024	Adversarial DefenseClassification	—Unverified
Adversarial Examples for DNA Classification	Sep 29, 2024	ClassificationLanguage Modeling	—Unverified
Adversarial Learning with Contextual Embeddings for Zero-resource Cross-lingual Classification and NER	Aug 31, 2019	General Classificationnamed-entity-recognition	—Unverified
Adversarially Robust and Explainable Model Compression with On-Device Personalization for Text Classification	Jan 10, 2021	Adversarial RobustnessGeneral Classification	—Unverified
Adversarial Multi-Binary Neural Network for Multi-class Classification	Mar 25, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified
Adversarial Multi-task Learning for Text Classification	Apr 19, 2017	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified
Adversarial Self-Supervised Data-Free Distillation for Text Classification	Oct 10, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified
Adversarial Training for Relation Extraction	Sep 1, 2017	General ClassificationImage Classification	—Unverified
A Dynamic Head Importance Computation Mechanism for Neural Machine Translation	Aug 3, 2021	Machine TranslationNMT	—Unverified
A Fast Approximate AIB Algorithm for Distributional Word Clustering	Jun 1, 2013	ClassificationClustering	—Unverified
A Feature Selection Method for Multivariate Performance Measures	Mar 5, 2011	feature selectionGeneral Classification	—Unverified
Affect Detection from Semantic Interpretation of Drama Improvisation	Dec 1, 2012	Text Classification	—Unverified
A Framework for Explainable Text Classification in Legal Document Review	Dec 19, 2019	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified
A Framework for Interactive Knowledge-Aided Machine Teaching	Apr 21, 2022	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified
A Framework For Refining Text Classification and Object Recognition from Academic Articles	May 27, 2023	ArticlesObject Recognition	—Unverified
A French Fairy Tale Corpus syntactically and semantically annotated	May 1, 2012	Ontology MatchingRelation Extraction	—Unverified
A Generalized Recurrent Neural Architecture for Text Classification with Multi-Task Learning	Jul 10, 2017	General ClassificationMulti-Task Learning	—Unverified
Aggregated Learning: A Deep Learning Framework Based on Information-Bottleneck Vector Quantization	Jul 26, 2018	Image ClassificationQuantization	—Unverified
Aggregation methods for efficient collocation detection	May 1, 2014	Machine TranslationText Classification	—Unverified
Aggression Identification and Multi Lingual Word Embeddings	Aug 1, 2018	Aggression IdentificationMulti-Label Text Classification	—Unverified
A Unified System for Aggression Identification in English Code-Mixed and Uni-Lingual Texts	Jan 15, 2020	Aggression IdentificationCross-Lingual Transfer	—Unverified
AgoraSpeech: A multi-annotated comprehensive dataset of political discourse through the lens of humans and AI	Jan 9, 2025	Benchmarkingnamed-entity-recognition	—Unverified
A Gradient-based Kernel Approach for Efficient Network Architecture Search	Jan 1, 2021	image-classificationImage Classification	—Unverified
A Hackathon for Classical Tibetan	Sep 27, 2016	General Classificationtext-classification	—Unverified
A Hassle-Free Machine Learning Method for Cohort Selection of Clinical Trials	Aug 10, 2018	BIG-bench Machine LearningClinical Knowledge	—Unverified
Ahead of the Text: Leveraging Entity Preposition for Financial Relation Extraction	Aug 8, 2023	Financial Relation ExtractionLanguage Modeling	—Unverified

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All datasets MTEB AG News DBpedia R8 TREC-6 20NEWS UK Key Stage Readability Ohsumed Yahoo! Answers MR Climabench NewsDiscourse

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ST5-XXL	Accuracy	73.42	—	Unverified
2	ST5-XL	Accuracy	72.84	—	Unverified
3	ST5-Large	Accuracy	72.31	—	Unverified
4	Ada Similarity	Accuracy	70.44	—	Unverified
5	SGPT-5.8B-nli	Accuracy	70.14	—	Unverified
6	ST5-Base	Accuracy	69.81	—	Unverified
7	SGPT-5.8B-msmarco	Accuracy	68.13	—	Unverified
8	MPNet-multilingual	Accuracy	67.91	—	Unverified
9	GTR-XXL	Accuracy	67.41	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-BERT-sup	Accuracy	67.32	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mistral-Small-24B + CAPO	Error	15.7	—	Unverified
2	ToWE-SG	Error	14	—	Unverified
3	Qwen2.5-32B + CAPO	Error	12.93	—	Unverified
4	Llama-3.3-70B + CAPO	Error	11.2	—	Unverified
5	Seq2CNN with GWS(50)	Error	9.64	—	Unverified
6	Char-level CNN	Error	9.51	—	Unverified
7	SVDCNN	Error	9.45	—	Unverified
8	VDCN	Error	8.67	—	Unverified
9	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	7.9	—	Unverified
10	CCCapsNet	Error	7.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Seq2CNN(50)	Error	2.77	—	Unverified
2	Char-level CNN	Error	1.55	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-concat	Error	1.43	—	Unverified
4	FastText	Error	1.4	—	Unverified
5	VDCN	Error	1.29	—	Unverified
6	CCCapsNet	Error	1.28	—	Unverified
7	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	1.2	—	Unverified
8	BERT large UDA	Error	1.09	—	Unverified
9	M-ACNN	Error	1.07	—	Unverified
10	EXAM	Error	1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	98.45	—	Unverified
2	C-BERT (ESGNN + BERT)	Accuracy	98.28	—	Unverified
3	ESGNN	Accuracy	98.23	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	98.2	—	Unverified
5	BERT	Accuracy	98.17	—	Unverified
6	SGNN	Accuracy	98.09	—	Unverified
7	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	98.04	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	97.98	—	Unverified
9	Our Model*	Accuracy	97.8	—	Unverified
10	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	97.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TM-Glove	Error	9.96	—	Unverified
2	byte mLSTM7	Error	9.6	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-aver	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
4	DELTA (CNN)	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
5	Capsule-B	Error	7.2	—	Unverified
6	STM+TSED+PT+2L	Error	7.04	—	Unverified
7	GRU-RNN-GLOVE	Error	7	—	Unverified
8	MPAD-path	Error	6.2	—	Unverified
9	VLAWE	Error	5.8	—	Unverified
10	C-LSTM	Error	5.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LinearSVM+TFIDF	Accuracy	93	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.5	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	88.6	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
6	RMDL (15 RDLs)	Accuracy	87.91	—	Unverified
7	Sparse Tensor Classifier	Accuracy	87.3	—	Unverified
8	GraphStar	Accuracy	86.9	—	Unverified
9	NABoE-full	Accuracy	86.8	—	Unverified
10	Text GCN	Accuracy	86.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ELECTRA + ANN	F1	99.6	—	Unverified
2	ERNIE + ANN	F1	99.4	—	Unverified
3	XLNet + ANN	F1	99.2	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa + ANN	F1	98.7	—	Unverified
5	Longformer + ANN	F1	93.9	—	Unverified
6	BERT + ANN	F1	90.5	—	Unverified
7	ALBERT + ANN	F1	79.7	—	Unverified
8	BERT	F1	75	—	Unverified
9	DistilBERT	F1	74.4	—	Unverified
10	XLNet	F1	74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	72.8	—	Unverified
2	Our Model*	Accuracy	69.4	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
6	Text GCN	Accuracy	68.36	—	Unverified
7	GraphStar	Accuracy	64.2	—	Unverified
8	ApproxRepSet	Accuracy	64.06	—	Unverified
9	REL-RWMD k-NN	Accuracy	58.74	—	Unverified
10	CNN+Lowercased	Accuracy	36.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-ITPT-FiT	Accuracy	77.62	—	Unverified
2	DRNN	Accuracy	76.26	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (HAN)	Accuracy	75.1	—	Unverified
4	EXAM	Accuracy	74.8	—	Unverified
5	DNC+CUW	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
6	ULMFiT (Small data)	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
7	CCCapsNet	Accuracy	73.85	—	Unverified
8	SWEM-concat	Accuracy	73.53	—	Unverified
9	FastText	Accuracy	72.3	—	Unverified
10	Seq2CNN(50)	Accuracy	55.39	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	90.21	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.7	—	Unverified
3	ERNIE 2.0 (optimized)	Accuracy	89.53	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa	Accuracy	89.42	—	Unverified
5	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	88.97	—	Unverified
6	BERT	Accuracy	86.94	—	Unverified
7	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	86.02	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	85.31	—	Unverified
9	SSGC	Accuracy	76.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CliReBERT (P0L3/clirebert_clirevocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.65	—	Unverified
2	ClimateBERT (climatebert/distilroberta-base-climate-f)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.64	—	Unverified
3	BERT (google-bert/bert-base-uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
4	CliSciBERT (P0L3/cliscibert_scivocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
5	SciBERT (allenai/scibert_scivocab_cased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.59	—	Unverified
6	DistilRoBERTa (distilbert/distilroberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
7	SciClimateBERT (P0L3/sciclimatebert)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
8	RoBERTa (FacebookAI/roberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.57	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Human (Post-Rec.) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	73.69	—	Unverified
2	MT-Mac (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	63.46	—	Unverified
3	MT-Mic (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	61.89	—	Unverified
4	RL-IP/TT (Choubey et al., 2021)	macro F1	57	—	Unverified
5	Document LSTM + Document encoding (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	54.4	—	Unverified
6	CRF Fine-grained (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	52.9	—	Unverified
7	Human (Blind) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	46.18	—	Unverified
8	Feature-based (SVM) (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	38.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	1-6 BertGCN	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	GraphStar	Accuracy	95	—	Unverified
3	Our Model*	Accuracy	94.6	—	Unverified
4	SSGC	Accuracy	94.5	—	Unverified
5	SGC	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
6	SGCN	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
7	Text GCN	Accuracy	93.56	—	Unverified
8	TM-Glove	Accuracy	89.14	—	Unverified