Text Classification

Text Classification is the task of assigning a sentence or document an appropriate category. The categories depend on the chosen dataset and can range from topics.

Text Classification problems include emotion classification, news classification, citation intent classification, among others. Benchmark datasets for evaluating text classification capabilities include GLUE, AGNews, among others.

In recent years, deep learning techniques like XLNet and RoBERTa have attained some of the biggest performance jumps for text classification problems.

( Image credit: Text Classification Algorithms: A Survey )

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 2151–2200 of 3635 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype
hyper-sinh: An Accurate and Reliable Function from Shallow to Deep Learning in TensorFlow and Keras	Nov 15, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Supervised Text Classification using Text Search	Nov 14, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Providing More Efficient Access To Government Records: A Use Case Involving Application of Machine Learning to Improve FOIA Review for the Deliberative Process Privilege	Nov 14, 2020	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	0
An Interpretable End-to-end Fine-tuning Approach for Long Clinical Text	Nov 12, 2020	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
A Review of Uncertainty Quantification in Deep Learning: Techniques, Applications and Challenges	Nov 12, 2020	Decision MakingEnsemble Learning	—Unverified	0
DoLFIn: Distributions over Latent Features for Interpretability	Nov 10, 2020	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
Multi-Task Sequence Prediction For Tunisian Arabizi Multi-Level Annotation	Nov 10, 2020	POSPOS Tagging	CodeCode Available	1
EstBERT: A Pretrained Language-Specific BERT for Estonian	Nov 9, 2020	Morphological Taggingnamed-entity-recognition	—Unverified	0
Bangla Text Classification using Transformers	Nov 9, 2020	Authorship AttributionClassification	CodeCode Available	0
Text Classification through Glyph-aware Disentangled Character Embedding and Semantic Sub-character Augmentation	Nov 9, 2020	ClassificationData Augmentation	CodeCode Available	0
Handwriting Classification for the Analysis of Art-Historical Documents	Nov 4, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Indic-Transformers: An Analysis of Transformer Language Models for Indian Languages	Nov 4, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Experiencers, Stimuli, or Targets: Which Semantic Roles Enable Machine Learning to Infer the Emotions?	Nov 3, 2020	BIG-bench Machine LearningClassification	—Unverified	0
CharBERT: Character-aware Pre-trained Language Model	Nov 3, 2020	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	1
An Empirical Study of Contextual Data Augmentation for Japanese Zero Anaphora Resolution	Nov 2, 2020	Data AugmentationLanguage Modeling	—Unverified	0
Medical Concept Normalization in User-Generated Texts by Learning Target Concept Embeddings	Nov 1, 2020	Clinical KnowledgeMedical Concept Normalization	—Unverified	0
Exploring Coreference Features in Heterogeneous Data	Nov 1, 2020	coreference-resolutionCoreference Resolution	—Unverified	0
Supporting Comedy Writers: Predicting Audience’s Response from Sketch Comedy and Crosstalk Scripts	Nov 1, 2020	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Using BERT for Qualitative Content Analysis in Psychosocial Online Counseling	Nov 1, 2020	BIG-bench Machine Learningtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Leveraging Multilingual Resources for Language Invariant Sentiment Analysis	Nov 1, 2020	SentenceSentiment Analysis	—Unverified	0
SunBear at WNUT-2020 Task 2: Improving BERT-Based Noisy Text Classification with Knowledge of the Data domain	Nov 1, 2020	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	—Unverified	0
NHK_STRL at WNUT-2020 Task 2: GATs with Syntactic Dependencies as Edges and CTC-based Loss for Text Classification	Nov 1, 2020	Graph AttentionSentence	—Unverified	0
CXP949 at WNUT-2020 Task 2: Extracting Informative COVID-19 Tweets - RoBERTa Ensembles and The Continued Relevance of Handcrafted Features	Nov 1, 2020	ClassificationLanguage Modeling	—Unverified	0
UET at WNUT-2020 Task 2: A Study of Combining Transfer Learning Methods for Text Classification with RoBERTa	Nov 1, 2020	Task 2text-classification	—Unverified	0
Comparison of Machine Learning Methods for Multi-label Classification of Nursing Education and Licensure Exam Questions	Nov 1, 2020	ClassificationMulti-Label Classification	—Unverified	0
Distinguishing between Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) using Mental Health Records: a Classification Approach	Nov 1, 2020	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	0
A Semantics-based Approach to Disclosure Classification in User-Generated Online Content	Nov 1, 2020	Semantic Role Labelingtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Balancing via Generation for Multi-Class Text Classification Improvement	Nov 1, 2020	ClassificationMulti Class Text Classification	—Unverified	0
Optimizing Word Segmentation for Downstream Task	Nov 1, 2020	Natural Language InferenceSegmentation	CodeCode Available	1
FENAS: Flexible and Expressive Neural Architecture Search	Nov 1, 2020	image-classificationImage Classification	—Unverified	0
Multi-pretraining for Large-scale Text Classification	Nov 1, 2020	Classificationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Enhance Robustness of Sequence Labelling with Masked Adversarial Training	Nov 1, 2020	Chunkingnamed-entity-recognition	—Unverified	0
HSCNN: A Hybrid-Siamese Convolutional Neural Network for Extremely Imbalanced Multi-label Text Classification	Nov 1, 2020	General ClassificationMulti Label Text Classification	—Unverified	0
KERMIT: Complementing Transformer Architectures with Encoders of Explicit Syntactic Interpretations	Nov 1, 2020	Representation LearningSentence	CodeCode Available	1
META: Metadata-Empowered Weak Supervision for Text Classification	Nov 1, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Task-oriented Domain-specific Meta-Embedding for Text Classification	Nov 1, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Towards More Accurate Uncertainty Estimation In Text Classification	Nov 1, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Cold-Start and Interpretability: Turning Regular Expressions into Trainable Recurrent Neural Networks	Nov 1, 2020	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
Text Graph Transformer for Document Classification	Nov 1, 2020	ClassificationDocument Classification	—Unverified	0
Active Learning for BERT: An Empirical Study	Nov 1, 2020	Active LearningBinary text classification	CodeCode Available	1
Less is More: Attention Supervision with Counterfactuals for Text Classification	Nov 1, 2020	Classificationcounterfactual	—Unverified	0
Seeing Both the Forest and the Trees: Multi-head Attention for Joint Classification on Different Compositional Levels	Nov 1, 2020	Sentencetext-classification	CodeCode Available	1
Be More with Less: Hypergraph Attention Networks for Inductive Text Classification	Nov 1, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	1
VECO: Variable and Flexible Cross-lingual Pre-training for Language Understanding and Generation	Oct 30, 2020	Language ModellingQuestion Answering	—Unverified	0
HyperText: Endowing FastText with Hyperbolic Geometry	Oct 30, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Short Text Classification Approach to Identify Child Sexual Exploitation Material	Oct 29, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
A Chinese Text Classification Method With Low Hardware Requirement Based on Improved Model Concatenation	Oct 28, 2020	ClassificationEnsemble Learning	—Unverified	0
The geometry of integration in text classification RNNs	Oct 28, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Automatically Identifying Words That Can Serve as Labels for Few-Shot Text Classification	Oct 26, 2020	Few-Shot Text ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	2
Large Scale Legal Text Classification Using Transformer Models	Oct 24, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0

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All datasets MTEB AG News DBpedia R8 TREC-6 20NEWS UK Key Stage Readability Ohsumed Yahoo! Answers MR Climabench NewsDiscourse

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ST5-XXL	Accuracy	73.42	—	Unverified
2	ST5-XL	Accuracy	72.84	—	Unverified
3	ST5-Large	Accuracy	72.31	—	Unverified
4	Ada Similarity	Accuracy	70.44	—	Unverified
5	SGPT-5.8B-nli	Accuracy	70.14	—	Unverified
6	ST5-Base	Accuracy	69.81	—	Unverified
7	SGPT-5.8B-msmarco	Accuracy	68.13	—	Unverified
8	MPNet-multilingual	Accuracy	67.91	—	Unverified
9	GTR-XXL	Accuracy	67.41	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-BERT-sup	Accuracy	67.32	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mistral-Small-24B + CAPO	Error	15.7	—	Unverified
2	ToWE-SG	Error	14	—	Unverified
3	Qwen2.5-32B + CAPO	Error	12.93	—	Unverified
4	Llama-3.3-70B + CAPO	Error	11.2	—	Unverified
5	Seq2CNN with GWS(50)	Error	9.64	—	Unverified
6	Char-level CNN	Error	9.51	—	Unverified
7	SVDCNN	Error	9.45	—	Unverified
8	VDCN	Error	8.67	—	Unverified
9	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	7.9	—	Unverified
10	CCCapsNet	Error	7.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Seq2CNN(50)	Error	2.77	—	Unverified
2	Char-level CNN	Error	1.55	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-concat	Error	1.43	—	Unverified
4	FastText	Error	1.4	—	Unverified
5	VDCN	Error	1.29	—	Unverified
6	CCCapsNet	Error	1.28	—	Unverified
7	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	1.2	—	Unverified
8	BERT large UDA	Error	1.09	—	Unverified
9	M-ACNN	Error	1.07	—	Unverified
10	EXAM	Error	1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	98.45	—	Unverified
2	C-BERT (ESGNN + BERT)	Accuracy	98.28	—	Unverified
3	ESGNN	Accuracy	98.23	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	98.2	—	Unverified
5	BERT	Accuracy	98.17	—	Unverified
6	SGNN	Accuracy	98.09	—	Unverified
7	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	98.04	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	97.98	—	Unverified
9	Our Model*	Accuracy	97.8	—	Unverified
10	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	97.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TM-Glove	Error	9.96	—	Unverified
2	byte mLSTM7	Error	9.6	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-aver	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
4	DELTA (CNN)	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
5	Capsule-B	Error	7.2	—	Unverified
6	STM+TSED+PT+2L	Error	7.04	—	Unverified
7	GRU-RNN-GLOVE	Error	7	—	Unverified
8	MPAD-path	Error	6.2	—	Unverified
9	VLAWE	Error	5.8	—	Unverified
10	C-LSTM	Error	5.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LinearSVM+TFIDF	Accuracy	93	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.5	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	88.6	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
6	RMDL (15 RDLs)	Accuracy	87.91	—	Unverified
7	Sparse Tensor Classifier	Accuracy	87.3	—	Unverified
8	GraphStar	Accuracy	86.9	—	Unverified
9	NABoE-full	Accuracy	86.8	—	Unverified
10	Text GCN	Accuracy	86.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ELECTRA + ANN	F1	99.6	—	Unverified
2	ERNIE + ANN	F1	99.4	—	Unverified
3	XLNet + ANN	F1	99.2	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa + ANN	F1	98.7	—	Unverified
5	Longformer + ANN	F1	93.9	—	Unverified
6	BERT + ANN	F1	90.5	—	Unverified
7	ALBERT + ANN	F1	79.7	—	Unverified
8	BERT	F1	75	—	Unverified
9	DistilBERT	F1	74.4	—	Unverified
10	XLNet	F1	74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	72.8	—	Unverified
2	Our Model*	Accuracy	69.4	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
6	Text GCN	Accuracy	68.36	—	Unverified
7	GraphStar	Accuracy	64.2	—	Unverified
8	ApproxRepSet	Accuracy	64.06	—	Unverified
9	REL-RWMD k-NN	Accuracy	58.74	—	Unverified
10	CNN+Lowercased	Accuracy	36.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-ITPT-FiT	Accuracy	77.62	—	Unverified
2	DRNN	Accuracy	76.26	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (HAN)	Accuracy	75.1	—	Unverified
4	EXAM	Accuracy	74.8	—	Unverified
5	DNC+CUW	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
6	ULMFiT (Small data)	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
7	CCCapsNet	Accuracy	73.85	—	Unverified
8	SWEM-concat	Accuracy	73.53	—	Unverified
9	FastText	Accuracy	72.3	—	Unverified
10	Seq2CNN(50)	Accuracy	55.39	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	90.21	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.7	—	Unverified
3	ERNIE 2.0 (optimized)	Accuracy	89.53	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa	Accuracy	89.42	—	Unverified
5	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	88.97	—	Unverified
6	BERT	Accuracy	86.94	—	Unverified
7	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	86.02	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	85.31	—	Unverified
9	SSGC	Accuracy	76.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CliReBERT (P0L3/clirebert_clirevocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.65	—	Unverified
2	ClimateBERT (climatebert/distilroberta-base-climate-f)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.64	—	Unverified
3	BERT (google-bert/bert-base-uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
4	CliSciBERT (P0L3/cliscibert_scivocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
5	SciBERT (allenai/scibert_scivocab_cased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.59	—	Unverified
6	DistilRoBERTa (distilbert/distilroberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
7	SciClimateBERT (P0L3/sciclimatebert)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
8	RoBERTa (FacebookAI/roberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.57	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Human (Post-Rec.) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	73.69	—	Unverified
2	MT-Mac (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	63.46	—	Unverified
3	MT-Mic (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	61.89	—	Unverified
4	RL-IP/TT (Choubey et al., 2021)	macro F1	57	—	Unverified
5	Document LSTM + Document encoding (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	54.4	—	Unverified
6	CRF Fine-grained (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	52.9	—	Unverified
7	Human (Blind) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	46.18	—	Unverified
8	Feature-based (SVM) (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	38.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	1-6 BertGCN	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	GraphStar	Accuracy	95	—	Unverified
3	Our Model*	Accuracy	94.6	—	Unverified
4	SSGC	Accuracy	94.5	—	Unverified
5	SGC	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
6	SGCN	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
7	Text GCN	Accuracy	93.56	—	Unverified
8	TM-Glove	Accuracy	89.14	—	Unverified