Text Classification

Text Classification is the task of assigning a sentence or document an appropriate category. The categories depend on the chosen dataset and can range from topics.

Text Classification problems include emotion classification, news classification, citation intent classification, among others. Benchmark datasets for evaluating text classification capabilities include GLUE, AGNews, among others.

In recent years, deep learning techniques like XLNet and RoBERTa have attained some of the biggest performance jumps for text classification problems.

( Image credit: Text Classification Algorithms: A Survey )

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 2051–2100 of 3635 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype
Adversarially Robust and Explainable Model Compression with On-Device Personalization for Text Classification	Jan 10, 2021	Adversarial RobustnessGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
LightXML: Transformer with Dynamic Negative Sampling for High-Performance Extreme Multi-label Text Classification	Jan 9, 2021	General ClassificationMulti Label Text Classification	CodeCode Available	1
Learning Better Sentence Representation with Syntax Information	Jan 9, 2021	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	—Unverified	0
Self Supervision for Attention Networks	Jan 6, 2021	image-classificationImage Classification	CodeCode Available	0
COVID-19: Comparative Analysis of Methods for Identifying Articles Related to Therapeutics and Vaccines without Using Labeled Data	Jan 5, 2021	Articlestext-classification	—Unverified	0
Learning Neural Networks on SVD Boosted Latent Spaces for Semantic Classification	Jan 3, 2021	General ClassificationSentiment Analysis	CodeCode Available	0
Learning optimal Bayesian prior probabilities from data	Jan 3, 2021	ArticlesBayesian Inference	—Unverified	0
Substructure Substitution: Structured Data Augmentation for NLP	Jan 2, 2021	Data AugmentationPart-Of-Speech Tagging	—Unverified	0
BanglaBERT: Language Model Pretraining and Benchmarks for Low-Resource Language Understanding Evaluation in Bangla	Jan 1, 2021	Document ClassificationLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	1
Improved Uncertainty Post-Calibration via Rank Preserving Transforms	Jan 1, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
Cluster & Tune: Enhance BERT Performance in Low Resource Text Classification	Jan 1, 2021	ClassificationClustering	—Unverified	0
EXPLORING VULNERABILITIES OF BERT-BASED APIS	Jan 1, 2021	AttributeInference Attack	—Unverified	0
Ruminating Word Representations with Random Noise Masking	Jan 1, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
Simple Spectral Graph Convolution	Jan 1, 2021	ClusteringNode Classification	CodeCode Available	1
A Simple and Effective Baseline for Out-of-Distribution Detection using Abstention	Jan 1, 2021	Deep LearningOut-of-Distribution Detection	—Unverified	0
Learning Better Structured Representations Using Low-rank Adaptive Label Smoothing	Jan 1, 2021	Generalization BoundsMachine Translation	—Unverified	0
A Gradient-based Kernel Approach for Efficient Network Architecture Search	Jan 1, 2021	image-classificationImage Classification	—Unverified	0
TextTN: Probabilistic Encoding of Language on Tensor Network	Jan 1, 2021	General ClassificationSentence	—Unverified	0
The Foes of Neural Network’s Data Efficiency Among Unnecessary Input Dimensions	Jan 1, 2021	Foveationimage-classification	—Unverified	0
Uncertain Out-of-Domain Generalization	Jan 1, 2021	Domain Generalizationimage-classification	—Unverified	0
WordsWorth Scores for Attacking CNNs and LSTMs for Text Classification	Jan 1, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Better Robustness by More Coverage: Adversarial Training with Mixup Augmentation for Robust Fine-tuning	Dec 31, 2020	Adversarial RobustnessData Augmentation	CodeCode Available	1
ERNIE-Doc: A Retrospective Long-Document Modeling Transformer	Dec 31, 2020	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	0
Enhancing Pre-trained Language Model with Lexical Simplification	Dec 30, 2020	DiversityGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Generating Natural Language Attacks in a Hard Label Black Box Setting	Dec 29, 2020	Adversarial TextSemantic Similarity	CodeCode Available	1
Towards a Universal Continuous Knowledge Base	Dec 25, 2020	Knowledge Distillationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
A Context Aware Approach for Generating Natural Language Attacks	Dec 24, 2020	Language ModellingSentence	CodeCode Available	0
Multi-Head Self-Attention with Role-Guided Masks	Dec 22, 2020	Machine Translationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
Uncertainty and Surprisal Jointly Deliver the Punchline: Exploiting Incongruity-Based Features for Humor Recognition	Dec 22, 2020	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	—Unverified	0
Few-Shot Text Generation with Pattern-Exploiting Training	Dec 22, 2020	Headline Generationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	2
TechTexC: Classification of Technical Texts using Convolution and Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory Network	Dec 21, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Explaining Black-box Models for Biomedical Text Classification	Dec 20, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	0
HateXplain: A Benchmark Dataset for Explainable Hate Speech Detection	Dec 18, 2020	Hate Speech DetectionText Classification	CodeCode Available	1
Robustness to Spurious Correlations in Text Classification via Automatically Generated Counterfactuals	Dec 18, 2020	counterfactualGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	1
Transformer Interpretability Beyond Attention Visualization	Dec 17, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	1
MASKER: Masked Keyword Regularization for Reliable Text Classification	Dec 17, 2020	ClassificationDomain Generalization	CodeCode Available	1
MeisterMorxrc at SemEval-2020 Task 9: Fine-Tune Bert and Multitask Learning for Sentiment Analysis of Code-Mixed Tweets	Dec 15, 2020	Sentiment Analysistext-classification	—Unverified	0
SPARTA: Speaker Profiling for ARabic TAlk	Dec 13, 2020	Multi-Task LearningSpeaker Profiling	—Unverified	0
TF-CR: Weighting Embeddings for Text Classification	Dec 11, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	0
GNN-XML: Graph Neural Networks for Extreme Multi-label Text Classification	Dec 10, 2020	ClusteringGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Deep Argumentative Explanations	Dec 10, 2020	Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)Text Classification	—Unverified	0
Extracting Outcomes from Appellate Decisions in US State Courts	Dec 9, 2020	Attribute Extractionlegal outcome extraction	CodeCode Available	0
Label Confusion Learning to Enhance Text Classification Models	Dec 9, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	1
Few-shot Pseudo-Labeling for Intent Detection	Dec 8, 2020	ClusteringIntent Detection	CodeCode Available	0
Unsupervised Label Refinement Improves Dataless Text Classification	Dec 8, 2020	ClassificationClustering	CodeCode Available	0
Improving Human-Labeled Data through Dynamic Automatic Conflict Resolution	Dec 8, 2020	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
Leveraging Automated Machine Learning for Text Classification: Evaluation of AutoML Tools and Comparison with Human Performance	Dec 7, 2020	AutoMLBIG-bench Machine Learning	—Unverified	0
Data Boost: Text Data Augmentation Through Reinforcement Learning Guided Conditional Generation	Dec 5, 2020	Data Augmentationreinforcement-learning	—Unverified	0
Data-Driven Regular Expressions Evolution for Medical Text Classification Using Genetic Programming	Dec 4, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Circles are like Ellipses, or Ellipses are like Circles? Measuring the Degree of Asymmetry of Static and Contextual Embeddings and the Implications to Representation Learning	Dec 3, 2020	Language ModellingRepresentation Learning	—Unverified	0

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All datasets MTEB AG News DBpedia R8 TREC-6 20NEWS UK Key Stage Readability Ohsumed Yahoo! Answers MR Climabench NewsDiscourse

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ST5-XXL	Accuracy	73.42	—	Unverified
2	ST5-XL	Accuracy	72.84	—	Unverified
3	ST5-Large	Accuracy	72.31	—	Unverified
4	Ada Similarity	Accuracy	70.44	—	Unverified
5	SGPT-5.8B-nli	Accuracy	70.14	—	Unverified
6	ST5-Base	Accuracy	69.81	—	Unverified
7	SGPT-5.8B-msmarco	Accuracy	68.13	—	Unverified
8	MPNet-multilingual	Accuracy	67.91	—	Unverified
9	GTR-XXL	Accuracy	67.41	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-BERT-sup	Accuracy	67.32	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mistral-Small-24B + CAPO	Error	15.7	—	Unverified
2	ToWE-SG	Error	14	—	Unverified
3	Qwen2.5-32B + CAPO	Error	12.93	—	Unverified
4	Llama-3.3-70B + CAPO	Error	11.2	—	Unverified
5	Seq2CNN with GWS(50)	Error	9.64	—	Unverified
6	Char-level CNN	Error	9.51	—	Unverified
7	SVDCNN	Error	9.45	—	Unverified
8	VDCN	Error	8.67	—	Unverified
9	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	7.9	—	Unverified
10	CCCapsNet	Error	7.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Seq2CNN(50)	Error	2.77	—	Unverified
2	Char-level CNN	Error	1.55	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-concat	Error	1.43	—	Unverified
4	FastText	Error	1.4	—	Unverified
5	VDCN	Error	1.29	—	Unverified
6	CCCapsNet	Error	1.28	—	Unverified
7	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	1.2	—	Unverified
8	BERT large UDA	Error	1.09	—	Unverified
9	M-ACNN	Error	1.07	—	Unverified
10	EXAM	Error	1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	98.45	—	Unverified
2	C-BERT (ESGNN + BERT)	Accuracy	98.28	—	Unverified
3	ESGNN	Accuracy	98.23	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	98.2	—	Unverified
5	BERT	Accuracy	98.17	—	Unverified
6	SGNN	Accuracy	98.09	—	Unverified
7	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	98.04	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	97.98	—	Unverified
9	Our Model*	Accuracy	97.8	—	Unverified
10	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	97.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TM-Glove	Error	9.96	—	Unverified
2	byte mLSTM7	Error	9.6	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-aver	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
4	DELTA (CNN)	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
5	Capsule-B	Error	7.2	—	Unverified
6	STM+TSED+PT+2L	Error	7.04	—	Unverified
7	GRU-RNN-GLOVE	Error	7	—	Unverified
8	MPAD-path	Error	6.2	—	Unverified
9	VLAWE	Error	5.8	—	Unverified
10	C-LSTM	Error	5.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LinearSVM+TFIDF	Accuracy	93	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.5	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	88.6	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
6	RMDL (15 RDLs)	Accuracy	87.91	—	Unverified
7	Sparse Tensor Classifier	Accuracy	87.3	—	Unverified
8	GraphStar	Accuracy	86.9	—	Unverified
9	NABoE-full	Accuracy	86.8	—	Unverified
10	Text GCN	Accuracy	86.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ELECTRA + ANN	F1	99.6	—	Unverified
2	ERNIE + ANN	F1	99.4	—	Unverified
3	XLNet + ANN	F1	99.2	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa + ANN	F1	98.7	—	Unverified
5	Longformer + ANN	F1	93.9	—	Unverified
6	BERT + ANN	F1	90.5	—	Unverified
7	ALBERT + ANN	F1	79.7	—	Unverified
8	BERT	F1	75	—	Unverified
9	DistilBERT	F1	74.4	—	Unverified
10	XLNet	F1	74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	72.8	—	Unverified
2	Our Model*	Accuracy	69.4	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
6	Text GCN	Accuracy	68.36	—	Unverified
7	GraphStar	Accuracy	64.2	—	Unverified
8	ApproxRepSet	Accuracy	64.06	—	Unverified
9	REL-RWMD k-NN	Accuracy	58.74	—	Unverified
10	CNN+Lowercased	Accuracy	36.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-ITPT-FiT	Accuracy	77.62	—	Unverified
2	DRNN	Accuracy	76.26	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (HAN)	Accuracy	75.1	—	Unverified
4	EXAM	Accuracy	74.8	—	Unverified
5	DNC+CUW	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
6	ULMFiT (Small data)	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
7	CCCapsNet	Accuracy	73.85	—	Unverified
8	SWEM-concat	Accuracy	73.53	—	Unverified
9	FastText	Accuracy	72.3	—	Unverified
10	Seq2CNN(50)	Accuracy	55.39	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	90.21	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.7	—	Unverified
3	ERNIE 2.0 (optimized)	Accuracy	89.53	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa	Accuracy	89.42	—	Unverified
5	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	88.97	—	Unverified
6	BERT	Accuracy	86.94	—	Unverified
7	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	86.02	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	85.31	—	Unverified
9	SSGC	Accuracy	76.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CliReBERT (P0L3/clirebert_clirevocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.65	—	Unverified
2	ClimateBERT (climatebert/distilroberta-base-climate-f)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.64	—	Unverified
3	BERT (google-bert/bert-base-uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
4	CliSciBERT (P0L3/cliscibert_scivocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
5	SciBERT (allenai/scibert_scivocab_cased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.59	—	Unverified
6	DistilRoBERTa (distilbert/distilroberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
7	SciClimateBERT (P0L3/sciclimatebert)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
8	RoBERTa (FacebookAI/roberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.57	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Human (Post-Rec.) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	73.69	—	Unverified
2	MT-Mac (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	63.46	—	Unverified
3	MT-Mic (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	61.89	—	Unverified
4	RL-IP/TT (Choubey et al., 2021)	macro F1	57	—	Unverified
5	Document LSTM + Document encoding (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	54.4	—	Unverified
6	CRF Fine-grained (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	52.9	—	Unverified
7	Human (Blind) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	46.18	—	Unverified
8	Feature-based (SVM) (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	38.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	1-6 BertGCN	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	GraphStar	Accuracy	95	—	Unverified
3	Our Model*	Accuracy	94.6	—	Unverified
4	SSGC	Accuracy	94.5	—	Unverified
5	SGC	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
6	SGCN	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
7	Text GCN	Accuracy	93.56	—	Unverified
8	TM-Glove	Accuracy	89.14	—	Unverified