Text Classification

Text Classification is the task of assigning a sentence or document an appropriate category. The categories depend on the chosen dataset and can range from topics.

Text Classification problems include emotion classification, news classification, citation intent classification, among others. Benchmark datasets for evaluating text classification capabilities include GLUE, AGNews, among others.

In recent years, deep learning techniques like XLNet and RoBERTa have attained some of the biggest performance jumps for text classification problems.

( Image credit: Text Classification Algorithms: A Survey )

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 2001–2050 of 3635 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype
An Iterative Contextualization Algorithm with Second-Order Attention	Mar 3, 2021	Sentencetext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
Random Feature Attention	Mar 3, 2021	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	—Unverified	0
CG-CNN: Self-Supervised Feature Extraction Through Contextual Guidance and Transfer Learning	Mar 2, 2021	Descriptivetext-classification	—Unverified	0
Contrastive Explanations for Model Interpretability	Mar 2, 2021	modeltext-classification	CodeCode Available	1
Computationally Efficient Wasserstein Loss for Structured Labels	Mar 1, 2021	Age EstimationEmotion Recognition	—Unverified	0
Learning with Smooth Hinge Losses	Feb 27, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
Visual Word Embedding for Text Classification	Feb 25, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	0
PharmKE: Knowledge Extraction Platform for Pharmaceutical Texts using Transfer Learning	Feb 25, 2021	Articlesnamed-entity-recognition	—Unverified	0
RoBERTa-wwm-ext Fine-Tuning for Chinese Text Classification	Feb 24, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	1
From Universal Language Model to Downstream Task: Improving RoBERTa-Based Vietnamese Hate Speech Detection	Feb 24, 2021	Hate Speech DetectionLanguage Modeling	—Unverified	0
PADA: Example-based Prompt Learning for on-the-fly Adaptation to Unseen Domains	Feb 24, 2021	Domain AdaptationLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	1
User Factor Adaptation for User Embedding via Multitask Learning	Feb 22, 2021	Clusteringtext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
An Attention Ensemble Approach for Efficient Text Classification of Indian Languages	Feb 20, 2021	General ClassificationSentence	—Unverified	0
Conditional Adversarial Networks for Multi-Domain Text Classification	Feb 19, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Fake News Detection: a comparison between available Deep Learning techniques in vector space	Feb 18, 2021	Fake News Detectiontext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
Regular Expressions for Fast-response COVID-19 Text Classification	Feb 18, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
MATCH: Metadata-Aware Text Classification in A Large Hierarchy	Feb 15, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	1
indicnlp@ kgp at DravidianLangTech-EACL2021: Offensive Language Identification in Dravidian Languages	Feb 14, 2021	Language Identificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
indicnlp@kgp at DravidianLangTech-EACL2021: Offensive Language Identification in Dravidian Languages	Feb 14, 2021	Language Identificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
Bootstrapping Large-Scale Fine-Grained Contextual Advertising Classifier from Wikipedia	Feb 12, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Lie-Sensor: A Live Emotion Verifier or a Licensor for Chat Applications using Emotional Intelligence	Feb 11, 2021	Emotional IntelligenceEmotion Recognition	—Unverified	0
Privacy-Preserving Graph Convolutional Networks for Text Classification	Feb 10, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	0
CNN Application in Detection of Privileged Documents in Legal Document Review	Feb 9, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
Unsupervised Sentence-embeddings by Manifold Approximation and Projection	Feb 7, 2021	SentenceSentence Embeddings	CodeCode Available	0
Exclusive Topic Modeling	Feb 6, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
Concentrated Document Topic Model	Feb 6, 2021	modeltext-classification	—Unverified	0
One Size Does Not Fit All: Finding the Optimal Subword Sizes for FastText Models across Languages	Feb 4, 2021	AllHyperparameter Optimization	—Unverified	0
Detecting Bias in Transfer Learning Approaches for Text Classification	Feb 3, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Clickbait Headline Detection in Indonesian News Sites using Multilingual Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (M-BERT)	Feb 2, 2021	Clickbait DetectionLanguage Modeling	—Unverified	0
Scaling Federated Learning for Fine-tuning of Large Language Models	Feb 1, 2021	Federated LearningSentiment Analysis	—Unverified	0
A Simple yet Brisk and Efficient Active Learning Platform for Text Classification	Jan 31, 2021	Active LearningBIG-bench Machine Learning	CodeCode Available	0
Mixup Regularized Adversarial Networks for Multi-Domain Text Classification	Jan 31, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Learning From Human Correction	Jan 30, 2021	Deep LearningGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	0
ShufText: A Simple Black Box Approach to Evaluate the Fragility of Text Classification Models	Jan 30, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Challenges in Automated Debiasing for Toxic Language Detection	Jan 29, 2021	Fairnesstext-classification	CodeCode Available	1
A Neural Few-Shot Text Classification Reality Check	Jan 28, 2021	ClassificationFew-Shot Text Classification	CodeCode Available	1
Towards Robustness to Label Noise in Text Classification via Noise Modeling	Jan 27, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	1
Does Head Label Help for Long-Tailed Multi-Label Text Classification	Jan 24, 2021	General ClassificationMulti Label Text Classification	CodeCode Available	1
Multilingual Pre-Trained Transformers and Convolutional NN Classification Models for Technical Domain Identification	Jan 22, 2021	General Classificationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Does a Hybrid Neural Network based Feature Selection Model Improve Text Classification?	Jan 22, 2021	BIG-bench Machine LearningClassification	—Unverified	0
Adv-OLM: Generating Textual Adversaries via OLM	Jan 21, 2021	Sentencetext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
Classifying Scientific Publications with BERT -- Is Self-Attention a Feature Selection Method?	Jan 20, 2021	ArticlesClassification	CodeCode Available	1
Classification of Pedagogical content using conventional machine learning and deep learning model	Jan 18, 2021	BIG-bench Machine LearningGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Fast Privacy-Preserving Text Classification based on Secure Multiparty Computation	Jan 18, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
HinFlair: pre-trained contextual string embeddings for pos tagging and text classification in the Hindi language	Jan 18, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Model Compression for Domain Adaptation through Causal Effect Estimation	Jan 18, 2021	Domain AdaptationModel Compression	CodeCode Available	0
Text Augmentation in a Multi-Task View	Jan 14, 2021	Data AugmentationText Augmentation	—Unverified	0
geoGAT: Graph Model Based on Attention Mechanism for Geographic Text Classification	Jan 13, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Experimental Evaluation of Deep Learning models for Marathi Text Classification	Jan 13, 2021	ClassificationDeep Learning	—Unverified	0
Evaluating Deep Learning Approaches for Covid19 Fake News Detection	Jan 11, 2021	Deep LearningFake News Detection	—Unverified	0

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All datasets MTEB AG News DBpedia R8 TREC-6 20NEWS UK Key Stage Readability Ohsumed Yahoo! Answers MR Climabench NewsDiscourse

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ST5-XXL	Accuracy	73.42	—	Unverified
2	ST5-XL	Accuracy	72.84	—	Unverified
3	ST5-Large	Accuracy	72.31	—	Unverified
4	Ada Similarity	Accuracy	70.44	—	Unverified
5	SGPT-5.8B-nli	Accuracy	70.14	—	Unverified
6	ST5-Base	Accuracy	69.81	—	Unverified
7	SGPT-5.8B-msmarco	Accuracy	68.13	—	Unverified
8	MPNet-multilingual	Accuracy	67.91	—	Unverified
9	GTR-XXL	Accuracy	67.41	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-BERT-sup	Accuracy	67.32	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mistral-Small-24B + CAPO	Error	15.7	—	Unverified
2	ToWE-SG	Error	14	—	Unverified
3	Qwen2.5-32B + CAPO	Error	12.93	—	Unverified
4	Llama-3.3-70B + CAPO	Error	11.2	—	Unverified
5	Seq2CNN with GWS(50)	Error	9.64	—	Unverified
6	Char-level CNN	Error	9.51	—	Unverified
7	SVDCNN	Error	9.45	—	Unverified
8	VDCN	Error	8.67	—	Unverified
9	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	7.9	—	Unverified
10	CCCapsNet	Error	7.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Seq2CNN(50)	Error	2.77	—	Unverified
2	Char-level CNN	Error	1.55	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-concat	Error	1.43	—	Unverified
4	FastText	Error	1.4	—	Unverified
5	VDCN	Error	1.29	—	Unverified
6	CCCapsNet	Error	1.28	—	Unverified
7	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	1.2	—	Unverified
8	BERT large UDA	Error	1.09	—	Unverified
9	M-ACNN	Error	1.07	—	Unverified
10	EXAM	Error	1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	98.45	—	Unverified
2	C-BERT (ESGNN + BERT)	Accuracy	98.28	—	Unverified
3	ESGNN	Accuracy	98.23	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	98.2	—	Unverified
5	BERT	Accuracy	98.17	—	Unverified
6	SGNN	Accuracy	98.09	—	Unverified
7	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	98.04	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	97.98	—	Unverified
9	Our Model*	Accuracy	97.8	—	Unverified
10	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	97.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TM-Glove	Error	9.96	—	Unverified
2	byte mLSTM7	Error	9.6	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-aver	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
4	DELTA (CNN)	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
5	Capsule-B	Error	7.2	—	Unverified
6	STM+TSED+PT+2L	Error	7.04	—	Unverified
7	GRU-RNN-GLOVE	Error	7	—	Unverified
8	MPAD-path	Error	6.2	—	Unverified
9	VLAWE	Error	5.8	—	Unverified
10	C-LSTM	Error	5.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LinearSVM+TFIDF	Accuracy	93	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.5	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	88.6	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
6	RMDL (15 RDLs)	Accuracy	87.91	—	Unverified
7	Sparse Tensor Classifier	Accuracy	87.3	—	Unverified
8	GraphStar	Accuracy	86.9	—	Unverified
9	NABoE-full	Accuracy	86.8	—	Unverified
10	Text GCN	Accuracy	86.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ELECTRA + ANN	F1	99.6	—	Unverified
2	ERNIE + ANN	F1	99.4	—	Unverified
3	XLNet + ANN	F1	99.2	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa + ANN	F1	98.7	—	Unverified
5	Longformer + ANN	F1	93.9	—	Unverified
6	BERT + ANN	F1	90.5	—	Unverified
7	ALBERT + ANN	F1	79.7	—	Unverified
8	BERT	F1	75	—	Unverified
9	DistilBERT	F1	74.4	—	Unverified
10	XLNet	F1	74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	72.8	—	Unverified
2	Our Model*	Accuracy	69.4	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
6	Text GCN	Accuracy	68.36	—	Unverified
7	GraphStar	Accuracy	64.2	—	Unverified
8	ApproxRepSet	Accuracy	64.06	—	Unverified
9	REL-RWMD k-NN	Accuracy	58.74	—	Unverified
10	CNN+Lowercased	Accuracy	36.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-ITPT-FiT	Accuracy	77.62	—	Unverified
2	DRNN	Accuracy	76.26	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (HAN)	Accuracy	75.1	—	Unverified
4	EXAM	Accuracy	74.8	—	Unverified
5	DNC+CUW	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
6	ULMFiT (Small data)	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
7	CCCapsNet	Accuracy	73.85	—	Unverified
8	SWEM-concat	Accuracy	73.53	—	Unverified
9	FastText	Accuracy	72.3	—	Unverified
10	Seq2CNN(50)	Accuracy	55.39	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	90.21	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.7	—	Unverified
3	ERNIE 2.0 (optimized)	Accuracy	89.53	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa	Accuracy	89.42	—	Unverified
5	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	88.97	—	Unverified
6	BERT	Accuracy	86.94	—	Unverified
7	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	86.02	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	85.31	—	Unverified
9	SSGC	Accuracy	76.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CliReBERT (P0L3/clirebert_clirevocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.65	—	Unverified
2	ClimateBERT (climatebert/distilroberta-base-climate-f)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.64	—	Unverified
3	BERT (google-bert/bert-base-uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
4	CliSciBERT (P0L3/cliscibert_scivocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
5	SciBERT (allenai/scibert_scivocab_cased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.59	—	Unverified
6	DistilRoBERTa (distilbert/distilroberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
7	SciClimateBERT (P0L3/sciclimatebert)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
8	RoBERTa (FacebookAI/roberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.57	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Human (Post-Rec.) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	73.69	—	Unverified
2	MT-Mac (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	63.46	—	Unverified
3	MT-Mic (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	61.89	—	Unverified
4	RL-IP/TT (Choubey et al., 2021)	macro F1	57	—	Unverified
5	Document LSTM + Document encoding (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	54.4	—	Unverified
6	CRF Fine-grained (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	52.9	—	Unverified
7	Human (Blind) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	46.18	—	Unverified
8	Feature-based (SVM) (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	38.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	1-6 BertGCN	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	GraphStar	Accuracy	95	—	Unverified
3	Our Model*	Accuracy	94.6	—	Unverified
4	SSGC	Accuracy	94.5	—	Unverified
5	SGC	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
6	SGCN	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
7	Text GCN	Accuracy	93.56	—	Unverified
8	TM-Glove	Accuracy	89.14	—	Unverified