Text Classification

Text Classification is the task of assigning a sentence or document an appropriate category. The categories depend on the chosen dataset and can range from topics.

Text Classification problems include emotion classification, news classification, citation intent classification, among others. Benchmark datasets for evaluating text classification capabilities include GLUE, AGNews, among others.

In recent years, deep learning techniques like XLNet and RoBERTa have attained some of the biggest performance jumps for text classification problems.

( Image credit: Text Classification Algorithms: A Survey )

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 1951–2000 of 3635 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype
Improving Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer Learning via Robust Training	Apr 17, 2021	Cross-Lingual TransferSentence	CodeCode Available	0
Data Distillation for Text Classification	Apr 17, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Are Classes Clusters?	Apr 16, 2021	ClassificationClustering	—Unverified	0
Flexible Instance-Specific Rationalization of NLP Models	Apr 16, 2021	General Classificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
Text Guide: Improving the quality of long text classification by a text selection method based on feature importance	Apr 15, 2021	ClassificationExplainable artificial intelligence	CodeCode Available	1
Consistency Training with Virtual Adversarial Discrete Perturbation	Apr 15, 2021	Semi-Supervised Text ClassificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Enhancing Interpretable Clauses Semantically using Pretrained Word Representation	Apr 14, 2021	Sentiment AnalysisText Classification	—Unverified	0
UPB at SemEval-2021 Task 7: Adversarial Multi-Task Learning for Detecting and Rating Humor and Offense	Apr 13, 2021	Multi-Task Learningtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Active learning for medical code assignment	Apr 12, 2021	Active LearningDecision Making	—Unverified	0
HTCInfoMax: A Global Model for Hierarchical Text Classification via Information Maximization	Apr 12, 2021	General ClassificationRepresentation Learning	CodeCode Available	0
Continual Learning for Text Classification with Information Disentanglement Based Regularization	Apr 12, 2021	Continual LearningDisentanglement	CodeCode Available	1
Self-Training with Weak Supervision	Apr 12, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	0
UniDrop: A Simple yet Effective Technique to Improve Transformer without Extra Cost	Apr 11, 2021	General ClassificationMachine Translation	—Unverified	0
Constructing Contrastive samples via Summarization for Text Classification with limited annotations	Apr 11, 2021	Contrastive LearningData Augmentation	CodeCode Available	0
BERT-based Chinese Text Classification for Emergency Domain with a Novel Loss Function	Apr 9, 2021	BenchmarkingGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Exploring the Relationship Between Algorithm Performance, Vocabulary, and Run-Time in Text Classification	Apr 8, 2021	ClassificationDocument Classification	CodeCode Available	0
BBAEG: Towards BERT-based Biomedical Adversarial Example Generation for Text Classification	Apr 5, 2021	Decision MakingGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Improving Pretrained Models for Zero-shot Multi-label Text Classification through Reinforced Label Hierarchy Reasoning	Apr 4, 2021	BenchmarkingMulti Label Text Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Disentangling Document Topic and Author Gender in Multiple Languages: Lessons for Adversarial Debiasing	Apr 1, 2021	Classificationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Leveraging Offensive Language for Sarcasm and Sentiment Detection in Arabic	Apr 1, 2021	Sarcasm DetectionSentiment Analysis	—Unverified	0
Exploring Neural Language Models via Analysis of Local and Global Self-Attention Spaces	Apr 1, 2021	Machine TranslationQuestion Answering	CodeCode Available	0
cs@DravidianLangTech-EACL2021: Offensive Language Identification Based On Multilingual BERT Model	Apr 1, 2021	Language Identificationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
TEAM HUB@LT-EDI-EACL2021: Hope Speech Detection Based On Pre-trained Language Model	Apr 1, 2021	Hope Speech DetectionLanguage Modeling	—Unverified	0
DISK-CSV: Distilling Interpretable Semantic Knowledge with a Class Semantic Vector	Apr 1, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
One-class Text Classification with Multi-modal Deep Support Vector Data Description	Apr 1, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
On the (In)Effectiveness of Images for Text Classification	Apr 1, 2021	Classificationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Exploiting Cloze-Questions for Few-Shot Text Classification and Natural Language Inference	Apr 1, 2021	Few-Shot Text ClassificationLanguage Modeling	—Unverified	0
Text Classification Using Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithms on Big Data	Mar 30, 2021	BIG-bench Machine LearningClassification	—Unverified	0
LiGCN: Label-interpretable Graph Convolutional Networks for Multi-label Text Classification	Mar 26, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Approximating Instance-Dependent Noise via Instance-Confidence Embedding	Mar 25, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	1
The NLP Cookbook: Modern Recipes for Transformer based Deep Learning Architectures	Mar 23, 2021	Information RetrievalKnowledge Distillation	—Unverified	0
SelfExplain: A Self-Explaining Architecture for Neural Text Classifiers	Mar 23, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	1
Refining Language Models with Compositional Explanations	Mar 18, 2021	FairnessLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	1
Constructive and Toxic Speech Detection for Open-domain Social Media Comments in Vietnamese	Mar 18, 2021	Constructive Comment ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Model Extraction and Adversarial Transferability, Your BERT is Vulnerable!	Mar 18, 2021	Model extractiontext-classification	CodeCode Available	1
Sent2Matrix: Folding Character Sequences in Serpentine Manifolds for Two-Dimensional Sentence	Mar 15, 2021	Sentencetext-classification	—Unverified	0
DeepStyle: User Style Embedding for Authorship Attribution of Short Texts	Mar 14, 2021	Authorship Attributiontext-classification	—Unverified	0
Text Mining of Stocktwits Data for Predicting Stock Prices	Mar 13, 2021	Stock Price Predictiontext-classification	—Unverified	0
Uncertainty-guided Model Generalization to Unseen Domains	Mar 12, 2021	Domain Generalizationimage-classification	—Unverified	0
Is BERT a Cross-Disciplinary Knowledge Learner? A Surprising Finding of Pre-trained Models' Transferability	Mar 12, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Few-Shot Text Classification with Triplet Networks, Data Augmentation, and Curriculum Learning	Mar 12, 2021	ClassificationData Augmentation	CodeCode Available	1
Identifying ARDS using the Hierarchical Attention Network with Sentence Objectives Framework	Mar 10, 2021	Document ClassificationSentence	—Unverified	0
An Amharic News Text classification Dataset	Mar 10, 2021	ArticlesClassification	CodeCode Available	1
Self-supervised Regularization for Text Classification	Mar 9, 2021	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified	0
Comparing Approaches to Dravidian Language Identification	Mar 9, 2021	Dialect IdentificationLanguage Identification	—Unverified	0
Improving Document-Level Sentiment Classification Using Importance of Sentences	Mar 9, 2021	ClassificationDocument Classification	—Unverified	0
T-Miner: A Generative Approach to Defend Against Trojan Attacks on DNN-based Text Classification	Mar 7, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	1
JPS-daprinfo: A Dataset for Japanese Dialog Act Analysis and People-related Information Detection	Mar 6, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	0
ReadNet: A Hierarchical Transformer Framework for Web Article Readability Analysis	Mar 6, 2021	ArticlesSentence	CodeCode Available	1
On the privacy-utility trade-off in differentially private hierarchical text classification	Mar 4, 2021	General ClassificationInference Attack	CodeCode Available	0

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All datasets MTEB AG News DBpedia R8 TREC-6 20NEWS UK Key Stage Readability Ohsumed Yahoo! Answers MR Climabench NewsDiscourse

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ST5-XXL	Accuracy	73.42	—	Unverified
2	ST5-XL	Accuracy	72.84	—	Unverified
3	ST5-Large	Accuracy	72.31	—	Unverified
4	Ada Similarity	Accuracy	70.44	—	Unverified
5	SGPT-5.8B-nli	Accuracy	70.14	—	Unverified
6	ST5-Base	Accuracy	69.81	—	Unverified
7	SGPT-5.8B-msmarco	Accuracy	68.13	—	Unverified
8	MPNet-multilingual	Accuracy	67.91	—	Unverified
9	GTR-XXL	Accuracy	67.41	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-BERT-sup	Accuracy	67.32	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mistral-Small-24B + CAPO	Error	15.7	—	Unverified
2	ToWE-SG	Error	14	—	Unverified
3	Qwen2.5-32B + CAPO	Error	12.93	—	Unverified
4	Llama-3.3-70B + CAPO	Error	11.2	—	Unverified
5	Seq2CNN with GWS(50)	Error	9.64	—	Unverified
6	Char-level CNN	Error	9.51	—	Unverified
7	SVDCNN	Error	9.45	—	Unverified
8	VDCN	Error	8.67	—	Unverified
9	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	7.9	—	Unverified
10	CCCapsNet	Error	7.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Seq2CNN(50)	Error	2.77	—	Unverified
2	Char-level CNN	Error	1.55	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-concat	Error	1.43	—	Unverified
4	FastText	Error	1.4	—	Unverified
5	VDCN	Error	1.29	—	Unverified
6	CCCapsNet	Error	1.28	—	Unverified
7	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	1.2	—	Unverified
8	BERT large UDA	Error	1.09	—	Unverified
9	M-ACNN	Error	1.07	—	Unverified
10	EXAM	Error	1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	98.45	—	Unverified
2	C-BERT (ESGNN + BERT)	Accuracy	98.28	—	Unverified
3	ESGNN	Accuracy	98.23	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	98.2	—	Unverified
5	BERT	Accuracy	98.17	—	Unverified
6	SGNN	Accuracy	98.09	—	Unverified
7	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	98.04	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	97.98	—	Unverified
9	Our Model*	Accuracy	97.8	—	Unverified
10	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	97.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TM-Glove	Error	9.96	—	Unverified
2	byte mLSTM7	Error	9.6	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-aver	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
4	DELTA (CNN)	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
5	Capsule-B	Error	7.2	—	Unverified
6	STM+TSED+PT+2L	Error	7.04	—	Unverified
7	GRU-RNN-GLOVE	Error	7	—	Unverified
8	MPAD-path	Error	6.2	—	Unverified
9	VLAWE	Error	5.8	—	Unverified
10	C-LSTM	Error	5.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LinearSVM+TFIDF	Accuracy	93	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.5	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	88.6	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
6	RMDL (15 RDLs)	Accuracy	87.91	—	Unverified
7	Sparse Tensor Classifier	Accuracy	87.3	—	Unverified
8	GraphStar	Accuracy	86.9	—	Unverified
9	NABoE-full	Accuracy	86.8	—	Unverified
10	Text GCN	Accuracy	86.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ELECTRA + ANN	F1	99.6	—	Unverified
2	ERNIE + ANN	F1	99.4	—	Unverified
3	XLNet + ANN	F1	99.2	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa + ANN	F1	98.7	—	Unverified
5	Longformer + ANN	F1	93.9	—	Unverified
6	BERT + ANN	F1	90.5	—	Unverified
7	ALBERT + ANN	F1	79.7	—	Unverified
8	BERT	F1	75	—	Unverified
9	DistilBERT	F1	74.4	—	Unverified
10	XLNet	F1	74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	72.8	—	Unverified
2	Our Model*	Accuracy	69.4	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
6	Text GCN	Accuracy	68.36	—	Unverified
7	GraphStar	Accuracy	64.2	—	Unverified
8	ApproxRepSet	Accuracy	64.06	—	Unverified
9	REL-RWMD k-NN	Accuracy	58.74	—	Unverified
10	CNN+Lowercased	Accuracy	36.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-ITPT-FiT	Accuracy	77.62	—	Unverified
2	DRNN	Accuracy	76.26	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (HAN)	Accuracy	75.1	—	Unverified
4	EXAM	Accuracy	74.8	—	Unverified
5	DNC+CUW	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
6	ULMFiT (Small data)	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
7	CCCapsNet	Accuracy	73.85	—	Unverified
8	SWEM-concat	Accuracy	73.53	—	Unverified
9	FastText	Accuracy	72.3	—	Unverified
10	Seq2CNN(50)	Accuracy	55.39	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	90.21	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.7	—	Unverified
3	ERNIE 2.0 (optimized)	Accuracy	89.53	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa	Accuracy	89.42	—	Unverified
5	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	88.97	—	Unverified
6	BERT	Accuracy	86.94	—	Unverified
7	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	86.02	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	85.31	—	Unverified
9	SSGC	Accuracy	76.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CliReBERT (P0L3/clirebert_clirevocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.65	—	Unverified
2	ClimateBERT (climatebert/distilroberta-base-climate-f)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.64	—	Unverified
3	BERT (google-bert/bert-base-uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
4	CliSciBERT (P0L3/cliscibert_scivocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
5	SciBERT (allenai/scibert_scivocab_cased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.59	—	Unverified
6	DistilRoBERTa (distilbert/distilroberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
7	SciClimateBERT (P0L3/sciclimatebert)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
8	RoBERTa (FacebookAI/roberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.57	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Human (Post-Rec.) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	73.69	—	Unverified
2	MT-Mac (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	63.46	—	Unverified
3	MT-Mic (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	61.89	—	Unverified
4	RL-IP/TT (Choubey et al., 2021)	macro F1	57	—	Unverified
5	Document LSTM + Document encoding (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	54.4	—	Unverified
6	CRF Fine-grained (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	52.9	—	Unverified
7	Human (Blind) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	46.18	—	Unverified
8	Feature-based (SVM) (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	38.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	1-6 BertGCN	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	GraphStar	Accuracy	95	—	Unverified
3	Our Model*	Accuracy	94.6	—	Unverified
4	SSGC	Accuracy	94.5	—	Unverified
5	SGC	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
6	SGCN	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
7	Text GCN	Accuracy	93.56	—	Unverified
8	TM-Glove	Accuracy	89.14	—	Unverified