Text Classification

Text Classification is the task of assigning a sentence or document an appropriate category. The categories depend on the chosen dataset and can range from topics.

Text Classification problems include emotion classification, news classification, citation intent classification, among others. Benchmark datasets for evaluating text classification capabilities include GLUE, AGNews, among others.

In recent years, deep learning techniques like XLNet and RoBERTa have attained some of the biggest performance jumps for text classification problems.

( Image credit: Text Classification Algorithms: A Survey )

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 151–200 of 3635 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype	Score
An Exploration of Encoder-Decoder Approaches to Multi-Label Classification for Legal and Biomedical Text	May 9, 2023	ClassificationDecoder	CodeCode Available	1	5
Annotation Error Detection: Analyzing the Past and Present for a More Coherent Future	Jun 5, 2022	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Contextualized Weak Supervision for Text Classification	Jul 1, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Continual Learning for Text Classification with Information Disentanglement Based Regularization	Apr 12, 2021	Continual LearningDisentanglement	CodeCode Available	1	5
ContrastNet: A Contrastive Learning Framework for Few-Shot Text Classification	May 16, 2023	ClassificationContrastive Learning	CodeCode Available	1	5
ContrXT: Generating Contrastive Explanations from any Text Classifier	Dec 11, 2021	Decision MakingExplainable artificial intelligence	CodeCode Available	1	5
Cost-Sensitive BERT for Generalisable Sentence Classification with Imbalanced Data	Mar 16, 2020	ClassificationData Augmentation	CodeCode Available	1	5
Counterfactual Inference for Text Classification Debiasing	Aug 1, 2021	Classificationcounterfactual	CodeCode Available	1	5
An Evaluation Dataset for Intent Classification and Out-of-Scope Prediction	Sep 4, 2019	BenchmarkingGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Cyclical Curriculum Learning	Feb 11, 2022	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Deconvolutional Paragraph Representation Learning	Aug 16, 2017	General ClassificationRepresentation Learning	CodeCode Available	1	5
Deep Learning Based Text Classification: A Comprehensive Review	Apr 6, 2020	BIG-bench Machine LearningClassification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Cold-start Active Learning through Self-supervised Language Modeling	Oct 19, 2020	Active LearningClassification	CodeCode Available	1	5
An Empirical Study on Large-Scale Multi-Label Text Classification Including Few and Zero-Shot Labels	Oct 4, 2020	Multi-Label ClassificationMUlTI-LABEL-ClASSIFICATION	CodeCode Available	1	5
AcTune: Uncertainty-Based Active Self-Training for Active Fine-Tuning of Pretrained Language Models	Jul 1, 2022	Active Learningtext-classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
A Hybrid Classification Approach using Topic Modeling and Graph Convolution Networks	Sep 19, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
A Simple Graph Contrastive Learning Framework for Short Text Classification	Jan 16, 2025	Contrastive LearningData Augmentation	CodeCode Available	1	5
A Sea of Words: An In-Depth Analysis of Anchors for Text Data	May 27, 2022	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
DiLM: Distilling Dataset into Language Model for Text-level Dataset Distillation	Mar 30, 2024	Dataset DistillationIn-Context Learning	CodeCode Available	1	5
DisCo: Distilled Student Models Co-training for Semi-supervised Text Mining	May 20, 2023	Extractive SummarizationKnowledge Distillation	CodeCode Available	1	5
Disfl-QA: A Benchmark Dataset for Understanding Disfluencies in Question Answering	Jun 8, 2021	Data AugmentationQuestion Answering	CodeCode Available	1	5
A Simple Log-based Loss Function for Ordinal Text Classification	Oct 1, 2022	Classificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Distinct Label Representations for Few-Shot Text Classification	Aug 1, 2021	ClassificationFew-Shot Text Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Distributionally Robust Models with Parametric Likelihood Ratios	Apr 13, 2022	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Asymmetric Polynomial Loss For Multi-Label Classification	Apr 10, 2023	Classificationimage-classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Does Head Label Help for Long-Tailed Multi-Label Text Classification	Jan 24, 2021	General ClassificationMulti Label Text Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Don’t Miss the Labels: Label-semantic Augmented Meta-Learner for Few-Shot Text Classification	Aug 1, 2021	Few-Shot Text Classificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
A Neural Few-Shot Text Classification Reality Check	Jan 28, 2021	ClassificationFew-Shot Text Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
A Text Classification-Based Approach for Evaluating and Enhancing the Machine Interpretability of Building Codes	Sep 24, 2023	Language Modellingtext-classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
A Survey on Text Classification: From Shallow to Deep Learning	Aug 2, 2020	ClassificationDeep Learning	CodeCode Available	1	5
CODE-ACCORD: A Corpus of Building Regulatory Data for Rule Generation towards Automatic Compliance Checking	Mar 4, 2024	Relation ExtractionSentence	CodeCode Available	1	5
Effective Adversarial Regularization for Neural Machine Translation	Jul 1, 2019	Machine TranslationNMT	CodeCode Available	1	5
AcTune: Uncertainty-aware Active Self-Training for Semi-Supervised Active Learning with Pretrained Language Models	Dec 16, 2021	Active LearningLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	1	5
AttentionXML: Label Tree-based Attention-Aware Deep Model for High-Performance Extreme Multi-Label Text Classification	Nov 1, 2018	General ClassificationMulti-Label Text Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
AlleNoise: large-scale text classification benchmark dataset with real-world label noise	Jun 24, 2024	ClassificationLearning with noisy labels	CodeCode Available	1	5
R&R: Metric-guided Adversarial Sentence Generation	Apr 17, 2021	Adversarial AttackGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
ALL-IN-1: Short Text Classification with One Model for All Languages	Oct 26, 2017	AllGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
BootAug: Boosting Text Augmentation via Hybrid Instance Filtering Framework	Oct 6, 2022	ClassificationData Augmentation	CodeCode Available	1	5
Cold-Start Data Selection for Few-shot Language Model Fine-tuning: A Prompt-Based Uncertainty Propagation Approach	Sep 15, 2022	DiversityLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	1	5
Enhancing Label Correlation Feedback in Multi-Label Text Classification via Multi-Task Learning	Jun 6, 2021	DiversityMulti Label Text Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Consistency Regularization for Cross-Lingual Fine-Tuning	Jun 15, 2021	Machine TranslationQuestion Answering	CodeCode Available	1	5
CLIBE: Detecting Dynamic Backdoors in Transformer-based NLP Models	Sep 2, 2024	Text ClassificationText Generation	CodeCode Available	1	5
Balancing Methods for Multi-label Text Classification with Long-Tailed Class Distribution	Sep 10, 2021	Document ClassificationMulti-Label Text Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Exploring and Predicting Transferability across NLP Tasks	May 2, 2020	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	1	5
Predicting Sentence-Level Factuality of News and Bias of Media Outlets	Jan 27, 2023	ArticlesFact Checking	CodeCode Available	1	5
Automatic Multi-Label Prompting: Simple and Interpretable Few-Shot Classification	Apr 13, 2022	Few-Shot Text ClassificationLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	1	5
Active Learning for BERT: An Empirical Study	Nov 1, 2020	Active LearningBinary text classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Fastformer: Additive Attention Can Be All You Need	Aug 20, 2021	AllNews Recommendation	CodeCode Available	1	5
ClimateBert: A Pretrained Language Model for Climate-Related Text	Oct 22, 2021	ArticlesFact Checking	CodeCode Available	1	5
An Amharic News Text classification Dataset	Mar 10, 2021	ArticlesClassification	CodeCode Available	1	5

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All datasets MTEB AG News DBpedia R8 TREC-6 20NEWS UK Key Stage Readability Ohsumed Yahoo! Answers MR Climabench NewsDiscourse

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ST5-XXL	Accuracy	73.42	—	Unverified
2	ST5-XL	Accuracy	72.84	—	Unverified
3	ST5-Large	Accuracy	72.31	—	Unverified
4	Ada Similarity	Accuracy	70.44	—	Unverified
5	SGPT-5.8B-nli	Accuracy	70.14	—	Unverified
6	ST5-Base	Accuracy	69.81	—	Unverified
7	SGPT-5.8B-msmarco	Accuracy	68.13	—	Unverified
8	MPNet-multilingual	Accuracy	67.91	—	Unverified
9	GTR-XXL	Accuracy	67.41	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-BERT-sup	Accuracy	67.32	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mistral-Small-24B + CAPO	Error	15.7	—	Unverified
2	ToWE-SG	Error	14	—	Unverified
3	Qwen2.5-32B + CAPO	Error	12.93	—	Unverified
4	Llama-3.3-70B + CAPO	Error	11.2	—	Unverified
5	Seq2CNN with GWS(50)	Error	9.64	—	Unverified
6	Char-level CNN	Error	9.51	—	Unverified
7	SVDCNN	Error	9.45	—	Unverified
8	VDCN	Error	8.67	—	Unverified
9	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	7.9	—	Unverified
10	CCCapsNet	Error	7.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Seq2CNN(50)	Error	2.77	—	Unverified
2	Char-level CNN	Error	1.55	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-concat	Error	1.43	—	Unverified
4	FastText	Error	1.4	—	Unverified
5	VDCN	Error	1.29	—	Unverified
6	CCCapsNet	Error	1.28	—	Unverified
7	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	1.2	—	Unverified
8	BERT large UDA	Error	1.09	—	Unverified
9	M-ACNN	Error	1.07	—	Unverified
10	EXAM	Error	1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	98.45	—	Unverified
2	C-BERT (ESGNN + BERT)	Accuracy	98.28	—	Unverified
3	ESGNN	Accuracy	98.23	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	98.2	—	Unverified
5	BERT	Accuracy	98.17	—	Unverified
6	SGNN	Accuracy	98.09	—	Unverified
7	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	98.04	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	97.98	—	Unverified
9	Our Model*	Accuracy	97.8	—	Unverified
10	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	97.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TM-Glove	Error	9.96	—	Unverified
2	byte mLSTM7	Error	9.6	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (CNN)	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
4	SWEM-aver	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
5	Capsule-B	Error	7.2	—	Unverified
6	STM+TSED+PT+2L	Error	7.04	—	Unverified
7	GRU-RNN-GLOVE	Error	7	—	Unverified
8	MPAD-path	Error	6.2	—	Unverified
9	VLAWE	Error	5.8	—	Unverified
10	C-LSTM	Error	5.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LinearSVM+TFIDF	Accuracy	93	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.5	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	88.6	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
6	RMDL (15 RDLs)	Accuracy	87.91	—	Unverified
7	Sparse Tensor Classifier	Accuracy	87.3	—	Unverified
8	GraphStar	Accuracy	86.9	—	Unverified
9	NABoE-full	Accuracy	86.8	—	Unverified
10	Text GCN	Accuracy	86.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ELECTRA + ANN	F1	99.6	—	Unverified
2	ERNIE + ANN	F1	99.4	—	Unverified
3	XLNet + ANN	F1	99.2	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa + ANN	F1	98.7	—	Unverified
5	Longformer + ANN	F1	93.9	—	Unverified
6	BERT + ANN	F1	90.5	—	Unverified
7	ALBERT + ANN	F1	79.7	—	Unverified
8	BERT	F1	75	—	Unverified
9	DistilBERT	F1	74.4	—	Unverified
10	Longformer	F1	74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	72.8	—	Unverified
2	Our Model*	Accuracy	69.4	—	Unverified
3	SGCN	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
5	SSGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
6	Text GCN	Accuracy	68.36	—	Unverified
7	GraphStar	Accuracy	64.2	—	Unverified
8	ApproxRepSet	Accuracy	64.06	—	Unverified
9	REL-RWMD k-NN	Accuracy	58.74	—	Unverified
10	CNN+Lowercased	Accuracy	36.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-ITPT-FiT	Accuracy	77.62	—	Unverified
2	DRNN	Accuracy	76.26	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (HAN)	Accuracy	75.1	—	Unverified
4	EXAM	Accuracy	74.8	—	Unverified
5	DNC+CUW	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
6	ULMFiT (Small data)	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
7	CCCapsNet	Accuracy	73.85	—	Unverified
8	SWEM-concat	Accuracy	73.53	—	Unverified
9	FastText	Accuracy	72.3	—	Unverified
10	Seq2CNN(50)	Accuracy	55.39	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	90.21	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.7	—	Unverified
3	ERNIE 2.0 (optimized)	Accuracy	89.53	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa	Accuracy	89.42	—	Unverified
5	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	88.97	—	Unverified
6	BERT	Accuracy	86.94	—	Unverified
7	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	86.02	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	85.31	—	Unverified
9	SSGC	Accuracy	76.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CliReBERT (P0L3/clirebert_clirevocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.65	—	Unverified
2	ClimateBERT (climatebert/distilroberta-base-climate-f)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.64	—	Unverified
3	BERT (google-bert/bert-base-uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
4	CliSciBERT (P0L3/cliscibert_scivocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
5	SciBERT (allenai/scibert_scivocab_cased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.59	—	Unverified
6	DistilRoBERTa (distilbert/distilroberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
7	SciClimateBERT (P0L3/sciclimatebert)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
8	RoBERTa (FacebookAI/roberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.57	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Human (Post-Rec.) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	73.69	—	Unverified
2	MT-Mac (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	63.46	—	Unverified
3	MT-Mic (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	61.89	—	Unverified
4	RL-IP/TT (Choubey et al., 2021)	macro F1	57	—	Unverified
5	Document LSTM + Document encoding (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	54.4	—	Unverified
6	CRF Fine-grained (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	52.9	—	Unverified
7	Human (Blind) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	46.18	—	Unverified
8	Feature-based (SVM) (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	38.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	1-6 BertGCN	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	GraphStar	Accuracy	95	—	Unverified
3	Our Model*	Accuracy	94.6	—	Unverified
4	SSGC	Accuracy	94.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
6	SGC	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
7	Text GCN	Accuracy	93.56	—	Unverified
8	TM-Glove	Accuracy	89.14	—	Unverified