Text Classification

Text Classification is the task of assigning a sentence or document an appropriate category. The categories depend on the chosen dataset and can range from topics.

Text Classification problems include emotion classification, news classification, citation intent classification, among others. Benchmark datasets for evaluating text classification capabilities include GLUE, AGNews, among others.

In recent years, deep learning techniques like XLNet and RoBERTa have attained some of the biggest performance jumps for text classification problems.

( Image credit: Text Classification Algorithms: A Survey )

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 1601–1650 of 3635 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype
BERT is Robust! A Case Against Synonym-Based Adversarial Examples in Text Classification	Nov 16, 2021	Data Augmentationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
MAML-CL: Edited Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning for Continual Learning	Nov 16, 2021	Continual LearningMeta-Learning	CodeCode Available	0
A Multilingual Bag-of-Entities Model for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Text Classification	Nov 16, 2021	ClassificationEntity Typing	—Unverified	0
Learn to Adapt for Generalized Zero-Shot Text Classification	Nov 16, 2021	ClassificationGeneralized Zero-Shot Learning	—Unverified	0
Perturbation-based Self-supervised Attention for Text Classification	Nov 16, 2021	ClassificationSentence	—Unverified	0
A Self-Adaptive Learning Rate and Curriculum Learning Based Framework for Few-Shot Text Classification	Nov 16, 2021	Few-Shot LearningFew-Shot Text Classification	—Unverified	0
CINO: A Chinese Minority Pre-trained Language Model	Nov 16, 2021	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	—Unverified	0
BufferSearch: Generating Black-Box Adversarial Texts With Lower Queries	Nov 16, 2021	Adversarial Attacktext-classification	—Unverified	0
Automatic evaluation of scientific abstracts through natural language processing	Nov 14, 2021	Sentiment Analysistext-classification	—Unverified	0
"Will You Find These Shortcuts?" A Protocol for Evaluating the Faithfulness of Input Salience Methods for Text Classification	Nov 14, 2021	Feature Importancetext-classification	—Unverified	0
AdaptText: A Novel Framework for Domain-Independent Automated Sinhala Text Classification	Nov 13, 2021	Classificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
Multilingual and Multilabel Emotion Recognition using Virtual Adversarial Training	Nov 11, 2021	Emotion RecognitionMultilabel Text Classification	—Unverified	0
Entropy optimized semi-supervised decomposed vector-quantized variational autoencoder model based on transfer learning for multiclass text classification and generation	Nov 10, 2021	DecoderMulti Class Text Classification	—Unverified	0
DataWords: Getting Contrarian with Text, Structured Data and Explanations	Nov 9, 2021	Classificationnamed-entity-recognition	—Unverified	0
Personalized Benchmarking with the Ludwig Benchmarking Toolkit	Nov 8, 2021	BenchmarkingHyperparameter Optimization	CodeCode Available	3
MotifClass: Weakly Supervised Text Classification with Higher-order Metadata Information	Nov 7, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	1
Profitable Trade-Off Between Memory and Performance In Multi-Domain Chatbot Architectures	Nov 6, 2021	ChatbotClassification	—Unverified	0
Co-attention network with label embedding for text classification	Nov 4, 2021	ClassificationMulti-class Classification	CodeCode Available	1
Language Semantics Interpretation with an Interaction-based Recurrent Neural Networks	Nov 2, 2021	Feature Engineeringtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Small Data? No Problem! Exploring the Viability of Pretrained Multilingual Language Models for Low-resourced Languages	Nov 1, 2021	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	1
Deep Attention Diffusion Graph Neural Networks for Text Classification	Nov 1, 2021	ClassificationDeep Attention	—Unverified	0
Meta-LMTC: Meta-Learning for Large-Scale Multi-Label Text Classification	Nov 1, 2021	Meta-LearningMulti-Label Classification	—Unverified	0
SeqAttack: On Adversarial Attacks for Named Entity Recognition	Nov 1, 2021	Classificationnamed-entity-recognition	—Unverified	0
Multitask Semi-Supervised Learning for Class-Imbalanced Discourse Classification	Nov 1, 2021	ClassificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
TransPrompt: Towards an Automatic Transferable Prompting Framework for Few-shot Text Classification	Nov 1, 2021	Few-Shot LearningFew-Shot Text Classification	CodeCode Available	1
Re-embedding Difficult Samples via Mutual Information Constrained Semantically Oversampling for Imbalanced Text Classification	Nov 1, 2021	Decodertext-classification	—Unverified	0
Lifelong Explainer for Lifelong Learners	Nov 1, 2021	Lifelong learningtext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
Continual Few-Shot Learning for Text Classification	Nov 1, 2021	Classificationcontinual few-shot learning	CodeCode Available	0
Hierarchical Multi-label Text Classification with Horizontal and Vertical Category Correlations	Nov 1, 2021	Multi Label Text ClassificationMulti-Label Text Classification	—Unverified	0
Constructing a Psychometric Testbed for Fair Natural Language Processing	Nov 1, 2021	BenchmarkingFairness	CodeCode Available	0
Few-Shot Text Generation with Natural Language Instructions	Nov 1, 2021	Headline Generationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Argument Mining on Twitter: A Case Study on the Planned Parenthood Debate	Nov 1, 2021	Argument Miningtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Zero-Shot Clinical Questionnaire Filling From Human-Machine Interactions	Nov 1, 2021	Question Answeringtext-classification	—Unverified	0
kFolden: k-Fold Ensemble for Out-Of-Distribution Detection	Nov 1, 2021	AttributeClassification	—Unverified	0
On the Transferability of Adversarial Attacks against Neural Text Classifier	Nov 1, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
Devil’s Advocate: Novel Boosting Ensemble Method from Psychological Findings for Text Classification	Nov 1, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	0
WHOSe Heritage: Classification of UNESCO World Heritage Statements of "Outstanding Universal Value” with Soft Labels	Nov 1, 2021	ManagementText Classification	CodeCode Available	1
RelDiff: Enriching Knowledge Graph Relation Representations for Sensitivity Classification	Nov 1, 2021	Entity EmbeddingsKnowledge Graph Embeddings	—Unverified	0
Mitigating Data Poisoning in Text Classification with Differential Privacy	Nov 1, 2021	ClassificationData Poisoning	—Unverified	0
Profiling News Discourse Structure Using Explicit Subtopic Structures Guided Critics	Nov 1, 2021	Text Classification	—Unverified	0
Is BERT a Cross-Disciplinary Knowledge Learner? A Surprising Finding of Pre-trained Models’ Transferability	Nov 1, 2021	Classificationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Classification and Geotemporal Analysis of Quality-of-Life Issues in Tenant Reviews	Nov 1, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
Few-shot and Zero-shot Approaches to Legal Text Classification: A Case Study in the Financial Sector	Nov 1, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
Effectively Leveraging BERT for Legal Document Classification	Nov 1, 2021	Binary ClassificationClassification	—Unverified	0
Speeding Up Transformer Training By Using Dataset Subsampling - An Exploratory Analysis	Nov 1, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
Increasing Sentence-Level Comprehension Through Text Classification of Epistemic Functions	Nov 1, 2021	ClassificationSentence	—Unverified	0
Comparative Study of Long Document Classification	Nov 1, 2021	BIG-bench Machine LearningClassification	—Unverified	0
Text Classification for Task-based Source Code Related Questions	Oct 31, 2021	ClassificationQuestion Answering	—Unverified	0
FinEAS: Financial Embedding Analysis of Sentiment	Oct 31, 2021	SentenceSentence Embeddings	CodeCode Available	1
PnPOOD : Out-Of-Distribution Detection for Text Classification via Plug andPlay Data Augmentation	Oct 31, 2021	Data AugmentationLanguage Modeling	—Unverified	0

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All datasets MTEB AG News DBpedia R8 TREC-6 20NEWS UK Key Stage Readability Ohsumed Yahoo! Answers MR Climabench NewsDiscourse

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ST5-XXL	Accuracy	73.42	—	Unverified
2	ST5-XL	Accuracy	72.84	—	Unverified
3	ST5-Large	Accuracy	72.31	—	Unverified
4	Ada Similarity	Accuracy	70.44	—	Unverified
5	SGPT-5.8B-nli	Accuracy	70.14	—	Unverified
6	ST5-Base	Accuracy	69.81	—	Unverified
7	SGPT-5.8B-msmarco	Accuracy	68.13	—	Unverified
8	MPNet-multilingual	Accuracy	67.91	—	Unverified
9	GTR-XXL	Accuracy	67.41	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-BERT-sup	Accuracy	67.32	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mistral-Small-24B + CAPO	Error	15.7	—	Unverified
2	ToWE-SG	Error	14	—	Unverified
3	Qwen2.5-32B + CAPO	Error	12.93	—	Unverified
4	Llama-3.3-70B + CAPO	Error	11.2	—	Unverified
5	Seq2CNN with GWS(50)	Error	9.64	—	Unverified
6	Char-level CNN	Error	9.51	—	Unverified
7	SVDCNN	Error	9.45	—	Unverified
8	VDCN	Error	8.67	—	Unverified
9	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	7.9	—	Unverified
10	CCCapsNet	Error	7.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Seq2CNN(50)	Error	2.77	—	Unverified
2	Char-level CNN	Error	1.55	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-concat	Error	1.43	—	Unverified
4	FastText	Error	1.4	—	Unverified
5	VDCN	Error	1.29	—	Unverified
6	CCCapsNet	Error	1.28	—	Unverified
7	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	1.2	—	Unverified
8	BERT large UDA	Error	1.09	—	Unverified
9	M-ACNN	Error	1.07	—	Unverified
10	EXAM	Error	1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	98.45	—	Unverified
2	C-BERT (ESGNN + BERT)	Accuracy	98.28	—	Unverified
3	ESGNN	Accuracy	98.23	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	98.2	—	Unverified
5	BERT	Accuracy	98.17	—	Unverified
6	SGNN	Accuracy	98.09	—	Unverified
7	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	98.04	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	97.98	—	Unverified
9	Our Model*	Accuracy	97.8	—	Unverified
10	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	97.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TM-Glove	Error	9.96	—	Unverified
2	byte mLSTM7	Error	9.6	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-aver	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
4	DELTA (CNN)	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
5	Capsule-B	Error	7.2	—	Unverified
6	STM+TSED+PT+2L	Error	7.04	—	Unverified
7	GRU-RNN-GLOVE	Error	7	—	Unverified
8	MPAD-path	Error	6.2	—	Unverified
9	VLAWE	Error	5.8	—	Unverified
10	C-LSTM	Error	5.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LinearSVM+TFIDF	Accuracy	93	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.5	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	88.6	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
6	RMDL (15 RDLs)	Accuracy	87.91	—	Unverified
7	Sparse Tensor Classifier	Accuracy	87.3	—	Unverified
8	GraphStar	Accuracy	86.9	—	Unverified
9	NABoE-full	Accuracy	86.8	—	Unverified
10	Text GCN	Accuracy	86.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ELECTRA + ANN	F1	99.6	—	Unverified
2	ERNIE + ANN	F1	99.4	—	Unverified
3	XLNet + ANN	F1	99.2	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa + ANN	F1	98.7	—	Unverified
5	Longformer + ANN	F1	93.9	—	Unverified
6	BERT + ANN	F1	90.5	—	Unverified
7	ALBERT + ANN	F1	79.7	—	Unverified
8	BERT	F1	75	—	Unverified
9	DistilBERT	F1	74.4	—	Unverified
10	XLNet	F1	74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	72.8	—	Unverified
2	Our Model*	Accuracy	69.4	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
6	Text GCN	Accuracy	68.36	—	Unverified
7	GraphStar	Accuracy	64.2	—	Unverified
8	ApproxRepSet	Accuracy	64.06	—	Unverified
9	REL-RWMD k-NN	Accuracy	58.74	—	Unverified
10	CNN+Lowercased	Accuracy	36.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-ITPT-FiT	Accuracy	77.62	—	Unverified
2	DRNN	Accuracy	76.26	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (HAN)	Accuracy	75.1	—	Unverified
4	EXAM	Accuracy	74.8	—	Unverified
5	DNC+CUW	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
6	ULMFiT (Small data)	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
7	CCCapsNet	Accuracy	73.85	—	Unverified
8	SWEM-concat	Accuracy	73.53	—	Unverified
9	FastText	Accuracy	72.3	—	Unverified
10	Seq2CNN(50)	Accuracy	55.39	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	90.21	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.7	—	Unverified
3	ERNIE 2.0 (optimized)	Accuracy	89.53	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa	Accuracy	89.42	—	Unverified
5	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	88.97	—	Unverified
6	BERT	Accuracy	86.94	—	Unverified
7	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	86.02	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	85.31	—	Unverified
9	SSGC	Accuracy	76.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CliReBERT (P0L3/clirebert_clirevocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.65	—	Unverified
2	ClimateBERT (climatebert/distilroberta-base-climate-f)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.64	—	Unverified
3	BERT (google-bert/bert-base-uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
4	CliSciBERT (P0L3/cliscibert_scivocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
5	SciBERT (allenai/scibert_scivocab_cased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.59	—	Unverified
6	DistilRoBERTa (distilbert/distilroberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
7	SciClimateBERT (P0L3/sciclimatebert)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
8	RoBERTa (FacebookAI/roberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.57	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Human (Post-Rec.) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	73.69	—	Unverified
2	MT-Mac (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	63.46	—	Unverified
3	MT-Mic (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	61.89	—	Unverified
4	RL-IP/TT (Choubey et al., 2021)	macro F1	57	—	Unverified
5	Document LSTM + Document encoding (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	54.4	—	Unverified
6	CRF Fine-grained (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	52.9	—	Unverified
7	Human (Blind) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	46.18	—	Unverified
8	Feature-based (SVM) (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	38.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	1-6 BertGCN	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	GraphStar	Accuracy	95	—	Unverified
3	Our Model*	Accuracy	94.6	—	Unverified
4	SSGC	Accuracy	94.5	—	Unverified
5	SGC	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
6	SGCN	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
7	Text GCN	Accuracy	93.56	—	Unverified
8	TM-Glove	Accuracy	89.14	—	Unverified