Text Classification

Text Classification is the task of assigning a sentence or document an appropriate category. The categories depend on the chosen dataset and can range from topics.

Text Classification problems include emotion classification, news classification, citation intent classification, among others. Benchmark datasets for evaluating text classification capabilities include GLUE, AGNews, among others.

In recent years, deep learning techniques like XLNet and RoBERTa have attained some of the biggest performance jumps for text classification problems.

( Image credit: Text Classification Algorithms: A Survey )

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 101–150 of 3635 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype	Score
Cluster & Tune: Boost Cold Start Performance in Text Classification	Mar 20, 2022	ClassificationClustering	CodeCode Available	1	5
A Diagnostic Study of Explainability Techniques for Text Classification	Sep 25, 2020	ClassificationDiagnostic	CodeCode Available	1	5
Classifying Unstructured Clinical Notes via Automatic Weak Supervision	Jun 24, 2022	DiagnosticText Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Dataset of Propaganda Techniques of the State-Sponsored Information Operation of the People's Republic of China	Jun 14, 2021	Multi Label Text ClassificationMulti-Label Text Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Deep Learning Based Text Classification: A Comprehensive Review	Apr 6, 2020	BIG-bench Machine LearningClassification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Deep Learning Framework for Measuring the Digital Strategy of Companies from Earnings Calls	Oct 23, 2020	Cloud ComputingClustering	CodeCode Available	1	5
A Simple Log-based Loss Function for Ordinal Text Classification	Oct 1, 2022	Classificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
A Strong Baseline for Query Efficient Attacks in a Black Box Setting	Sep 10, 2021	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
DepressionEmo: A novel dataset for multilabel classification of depression emotions	Jan 9, 2024	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
A New Korean Text Classification Benchmark for Recognizing the Political Intents in Online Newspapers	Nov 3, 2023	ArticlesClassification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Advanced Dropout: A Model-free Methodology for Bayesian Dropout Optimization	Oct 11, 2020	Network Pruningtext-classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
CLIBE: Detecting Dynamic Backdoors in Transformer-based NLP Models	Sep 2, 2024	Text ClassificationText Generation	CodeCode Available	1	5
A Text Classification-Based Approach for Evaluating and Enhancing the Machine Interpretability of Building Codes	Sep 24, 2023	Language Modellingtext-classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Asymmetric Polynomial Loss For Multi-Label Classification	Apr 10, 2023	Classificationimage-classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Co-attention network with label embedding for text classification	Nov 4, 2021	ClassificationMulti-class Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Distillation-Resistant Watermarking for Model Protection in NLP	Oct 7, 2022	modelNamed Entity Recognition	CodeCode Available	1	5
A Survey on Text Classification: From Shallow to Deep Learning	Aug 2, 2020	ClassificationDeep Learning	CodeCode Available	1	5
AcTune: Uncertainty-aware Active Self-Training for Semi-Supervised Active Learning with Pretrained Language Models	Dec 16, 2021	Active LearningLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	1	5
AttentionXML: Label Tree-based Attention-Aware Deep Model for High-Performance Extreme Multi-Label Text Classification	Nov 1, 2018	General ClassificationMulti-Label Text Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Automated Essay Scoring Using Transformer Models	Oct 13, 2021	Automated Essay ScoringBIG-bench Machine Learning	CodeCode Available	1	5
DocSCAN: Unsupervised Text Classification via Learning from Neighbors	May 9, 2021	ClassificationClustering	CodeCode Available	1	5
Does Head Label Help for Long-Tailed Multi-Label Text Classification	Jan 24, 2021	General ClassificationMulti Label Text Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
BootAug: Boosting Text Augmentation via Hybrid Instance Filtering Framework	Oct 6, 2022	ClassificationData Augmentation	CodeCode Available	1	5
DoubleMix: Simple Interpolation-Based Data Augmentation for Text Classification	Sep 12, 2022	ClassificationData Augmentation	CodeCode Available	1	5
AcTune: Uncertainty-Based Active Self-Training for Active Fine-Tuning of Pretrained Language Models	Jul 1, 2022	Active Learningtext-classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Dual Contrastive Learning: Text Classification via Label-Aware Data Augmentation	Jan 21, 2022	ClassificationContrastive Learning	CodeCode Available	1	5
Class Adaptive Network Calibration	Nov 28, 2022	image-classificationImage Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
An Evaluation Dataset for Intent Classification and Out-of-Scope Prediction	Sep 4, 2019	BenchmarkingGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
ChineseBERT: Chinese Pretraining Enhanced by Glyph and Pinyin Information	Jun 30, 2021	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	1	5
Classifying Scientific Publications with BERT -- Is Self-Attention a Feature Selection Method?	Jan 20, 2021	ArticlesClassification	CodeCode Available	1	5
CODE-ACCORD: A Corpus of Building Regulatory Data for Rule Generation towards Automatic Compliance Checking	Mar 4, 2024	Relation ExtractionSentence	CodeCode Available	1	5
ContrastNet: A Contrastive Learning Framework for Few-Shot Text Classification	May 16, 2023	ClassificationContrastive Learning	CodeCode Available	1	5
Cartography Active Learning	Sep 9, 2021	Active Learningtext-classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
An Embarrassingly Simple Method to Mitigate Undesirable Properties of Pretrained Language Model Tokenizers	May 1, 2022	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	1	5
Challenges in Automated Debiasing for Toxic Language Detection	Jan 29, 2021	Fairnesstext-classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
An Empirical Study of Invariant Risk Minimization	Apr 10, 2020	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
CARE: Collaborative AI-Assisted Reading Environment	Feb 24, 2023	Question Answeringtext-classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classification	Sep 4, 2015	General ClassificationSentiment Analysis	CodeCode Available	1	5
Building Efficient Universal Classifiers with Natural Language Inference	Dec 29, 2023	ClassificationNatural Language Inference	CodeCode Available	1	5
Black-box Prompt Learning for Pre-trained Language Models	Jan 21, 2022	Prompt Learningtext-classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Calibrated Language Model Fine-Tuning for In- and Out-of-Distribution Data	Oct 22, 2020	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	1	5
A Multi-Grained Self-Interpretable Symbolic-Neural Model For Single/Multi-Labeled Text Classification	Mar 6, 2023	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	1	5
BiomedRAG: A Retrieval Augmented Large Language Model for Biomedicine	May 1, 2024	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	1	5
Black-Box Attacks on Sequential Recommenders via Data-Free Model Extraction	Sep 1, 2021	Data PoisoningKnowledge Distillation	CodeCode Available	1	5
An Amharic News Text classification Dataset	Mar 10, 2021	ArticlesClassification	CodeCode Available	1	5
AMR-DA: Data Augmentation by Abstract Meaning Representation	May 1, 2022	Abstract Meaning RepresentationData Augmentation	CodeCode Available	1	5
AfroLM: A Self-Active Learning-based Multilingual Pretrained Language Model for 23 African Languages	Nov 7, 2022	Active LearningLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	1	5
A Gamma-Poisson Mixture Topic Model for Short Text	Apr 23, 2020	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Blacklight: Scalable Defense for Neural Networks against Query-Based Black-Box Attacks	Jun 24, 2020	image-classificationImage Classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
An Empirical Study on Large-Scale Multi-Label Text Classification Including Few and Zero-Shot Labels	Oct 4, 2020	Multi-Label ClassificationMUlTI-LABEL-ClASSIFICATION	CodeCode Available	1	5

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All datasets MTEB AG News DBpedia R8 TREC-6 20NEWS UK Key Stage Readability Ohsumed Yahoo! Answers MR Climabench NewsDiscourse

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ST5-XXL	Accuracy	73.42	—	Unverified
2	ST5-XL	Accuracy	72.84	—	Unverified
3	ST5-Large	Accuracy	72.31	—	Unverified
4	Ada Similarity	Accuracy	70.44	—	Unverified
5	SGPT-5.8B-nli	Accuracy	70.14	—	Unverified
6	ST5-Base	Accuracy	69.81	—	Unverified
7	SGPT-5.8B-msmarco	Accuracy	68.13	—	Unverified
8	MPNet-multilingual	Accuracy	67.91	—	Unverified
9	GTR-XXL	Accuracy	67.41	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-BERT-sup	Accuracy	67.32	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mistral-Small-24B + CAPO	Error	15.7	—	Unverified
2	ToWE-SG	Error	14	—	Unverified
3	Qwen2.5-32B + CAPO	Error	12.93	—	Unverified
4	Llama-3.3-70B + CAPO	Error	11.2	—	Unverified
5	Seq2CNN with GWS(50)	Error	9.64	—	Unverified
6	Char-level CNN	Error	9.51	—	Unverified
7	SVDCNN	Error	9.45	—	Unverified
8	VDCN	Error	8.67	—	Unverified
9	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	7.9	—	Unverified
10	CCCapsNet	Error	7.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Seq2CNN(50)	Error	2.77	—	Unverified
2	Char-level CNN	Error	1.55	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-concat	Error	1.43	—	Unverified
4	FastText	Error	1.4	—	Unverified
5	VDCN	Error	1.29	—	Unverified
6	CCCapsNet	Error	1.28	—	Unverified
7	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	1.2	—	Unverified
8	BERT large UDA	Error	1.09	—	Unverified
9	M-ACNN	Error	1.07	—	Unverified
10	EXAM	Error	1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	98.45	—	Unverified
2	C-BERT (ESGNN + BERT)	Accuracy	98.28	—	Unverified
3	ESGNN	Accuracy	98.23	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	98.2	—	Unverified
5	BERT	Accuracy	98.17	—	Unverified
6	SGNN	Accuracy	98.09	—	Unverified
7	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	98.04	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	97.98	—	Unverified
9	Our Model*	Accuracy	97.8	—	Unverified
10	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	97.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TM-Glove	Error	9.96	—	Unverified
2	byte mLSTM7	Error	9.6	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (CNN)	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
4	SWEM-aver	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
5	Capsule-B	Error	7.2	—	Unverified
6	STM+TSED+PT+2L	Error	7.04	—	Unverified
7	GRU-RNN-GLOVE	Error	7	—	Unverified
8	MPAD-path	Error	6.2	—	Unverified
9	VLAWE	Error	5.8	—	Unverified
10	C-LSTM	Error	5.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LinearSVM+TFIDF	Accuracy	93	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.5	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	88.6	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
6	RMDL (15 RDLs)	Accuracy	87.91	—	Unverified
7	Sparse Tensor Classifier	Accuracy	87.3	—	Unverified
8	GraphStar	Accuracy	86.9	—	Unverified
9	NABoE-full	Accuracy	86.8	—	Unverified
10	Text GCN	Accuracy	86.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ELECTRA + ANN	F1	99.6	—	Unverified
2	ERNIE + ANN	F1	99.4	—	Unverified
3	XLNet + ANN	F1	99.2	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa + ANN	F1	98.7	—	Unverified
5	Longformer + ANN	F1	93.9	—	Unverified
6	BERT + ANN	F1	90.5	—	Unverified
7	ALBERT + ANN	F1	79.7	—	Unverified
8	BERT	F1	75	—	Unverified
9	DistilBERT	F1	74.4	—	Unverified
10	Longformer	F1	74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	72.8	—	Unverified
2	Our Model*	Accuracy	69.4	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
4	SGCN	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
5	SGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
6	Text GCN	Accuracy	68.36	—	Unverified
7	GraphStar	Accuracy	64.2	—	Unverified
8	ApproxRepSet	Accuracy	64.06	—	Unverified
9	REL-RWMD k-NN	Accuracy	58.74	—	Unverified
10	CNN+Lowercased	Accuracy	36.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-ITPT-FiT	Accuracy	77.62	—	Unverified
2	DRNN	Accuracy	76.26	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (HAN)	Accuracy	75.1	—	Unverified
4	EXAM	Accuracy	74.8	—	Unverified
5	DNC+CUW	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
6	ULMFiT (Small data)	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
7	CCCapsNet	Accuracy	73.85	—	Unverified
8	SWEM-concat	Accuracy	73.53	—	Unverified
9	FastText	Accuracy	72.3	—	Unverified
10	Seq2CNN(50)	Accuracy	55.39	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	90.21	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.7	—	Unverified
3	ERNIE 2.0 (optimized)	Accuracy	89.53	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa	Accuracy	89.42	—	Unverified
5	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	88.97	—	Unverified
6	BERT	Accuracy	86.94	—	Unverified
7	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	86.02	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	85.31	—	Unverified
9	SSGC	Accuracy	76.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CliReBERT (P0L3/clirebert_clirevocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.65	—	Unverified
2	ClimateBERT (climatebert/distilroberta-base-climate-f)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.64	—	Unverified
3	BERT (google-bert/bert-base-uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
4	CliSciBERT (P0L3/cliscibert_scivocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
5	SciBERT (allenai/scibert_scivocab_cased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.59	—	Unverified
6	DistilRoBERTa (distilbert/distilroberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
7	SciClimateBERT (P0L3/sciclimatebert)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
8	RoBERTa (FacebookAI/roberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.57	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Human (Post-Rec.) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	73.69	—	Unverified
2	MT-Mac (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	63.46	—	Unverified
3	MT-Mic (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	61.89	—	Unverified
4	RL-IP/TT (Choubey et al., 2021)	macro F1	57	—	Unverified
5	Document LSTM + Document encoding (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	54.4	—	Unverified
6	CRF Fine-grained (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	52.9	—	Unverified
7	Human (Blind) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	46.18	—	Unverified
8	Feature-based (SVM) (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	38.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	1-6 BertGCN	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	GraphStar	Accuracy	95	—	Unverified
3	Our Model*	Accuracy	94.6	—	Unverified
4	SSGC	Accuracy	94.5	—	Unverified
5	SGC	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
6	SGCN	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
7	Text GCN	Accuracy	93.56	—	Unverified
8	TM-Glove	Accuracy	89.14	—	Unverified