Text Classification

Text Classification is the task of assigning a sentence or document an appropriate category. The categories depend on the chosen dataset and can range from topics.

Text Classification problems include emotion classification, news classification, citation intent classification, among others. Benchmark datasets for evaluating text classification capabilities include GLUE, AGNews, among others.

In recent years, deep learning techniques like XLNet and RoBERTa have attained some of the biggest performance jumps for text classification problems.

( Image credit: Text Classification Algorithms: A Survey )

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 1301–1350 of 3635 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype
Annotation Error Detection: Analyzing the Past and Present for a More Coherent Future	Jun 5, 2022	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	1
Task-Adaptive Pre-Training for Boosting Learning With Noisy Labels: A Study on Text Classification for African Languages	Jun 3, 2022	ClassificationLearning with noisy labels	—Unverified	0
Towards Classification of Legal Pharmaceutical Text using GAN-BERT	Jun 1, 2022	ClassificationSentence	—Unverified	0
Nepali Encoder Transformers: An Analysis of Auto Encoding Transformer Language Models for Nepali Text Classification	Jun 1, 2022	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	—Unverified	0
Text Classification and Prediction in the Legal Domain	Jun 1, 2022	ClassificationManagement	—Unverified	0
XLNET-GRU Sentiment Regression Model for Cryptocurrency News in English and Malay	Jun 1, 2022	regressionSentiment Analysis	—Unverified	0
Estimating Confidence of Predictions of Individual Classifiers and TheirEnsembles for the Genre Classification Task	Jun 1, 2022	Genre classificationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
BERTifying Sinhala - A Comprehensive Analysis of Pre-trained Language Models for Sinhala Text Classification	Jun 1, 2022	Classificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
Investigating Active Learning Sampling Strategies for Extreme Multi Label Text Classification	Jun 1, 2022	Active LearningExtreme Multi-Label Classification	—Unverified	0
Identifying Emotions in Code Mixed Hindi-English Tweets	Jun 1, 2022	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
At the Intersection of NLP and Sustainable Development: Exploring the Impact of Demographic-Aware Text Representations in Modeling Value on a Corpus of Interviews	Jun 1, 2022	ClassificationPrivacy Preserving	CodeCode Available	0
ConvTextTM: An Explainable Convolutional Tsetlin Machine Framework for Text Classification	Jun 1, 2022	Decision MakingDocument Classification	—Unverified	0
Argument Similarity Assessment in German for Intelligent Tutoring: Crowdsourced Dataset and First Experiments	Jun 1, 2022	Question Answeringtext-classification	—Unverified	0
CEPOC: The Cambridge Exams Publishing Open Cloze dataset	Jun 1, 2022	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	0
InducT-GCN: Inductive Graph Convolutional Networks for Text Classification	Jun 1, 2022	ClassificationGraph Neural Network	CodeCode Available	1
Benchmark of DNN Model Search at Deployment Time	Jun 1, 2022	Activity Recognitionmodel	—Unverified	0
A Multi-level Supervised Contrastive Learning Framework for Low-Resource Natural Language Inference	May 31, 2022	Contrastive LearningData Augmentation	—Unverified	0
Context-based Virtual Adversarial Training for Text Classification with Noisy Labels	May 29, 2022	Memorizationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
A Sea of Words: An In-Depth Analysis of Anchors for Text Data	May 27, 2022	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	1
kNN-Prompt: Nearest Neighbor Zero-Shot Inference	May 27, 2022	Domain AdaptationLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	1
Unsupervised Reinforcement Adaptation for Class-Imbalanced Text Classification	May 26, 2022	ClassificationDomain Adaptation	CodeCode Available	0
Federated Split BERT for Heterogeneous Text Classification	May 26, 2022	ClassificationFederated Learning	—Unverified	0
Federated Non-negative Matrix Factorization for Short Texts Topic Modeling with Mutual Information	May 26, 2022	Federated Learningtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Train Flat, Then Compress: Sharpness-Aware Minimization Learns More Compressible Models	May 25, 2022	Model CompressionQuantization	—Unverified	0
BITE: Textual Backdoor Attacks with Iterative Trigger Injection	May 25, 2022	Backdoor AttackHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available	0
Self-Guided Noise-Free Data Generation for Efficient Zero-Shot Learning	May 25, 2022	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	1
Large Language Models are Few-Shot Clinical Information Extractors	May 25, 2022	Benchmarkingcoreference-resolution	—Unverified	0
LOPS: Learning Order Inspired Pseudo-Label Selection for Weakly Supervised Text Classification	May 25, 2022	MemorizationPseudo Label	CodeCode Available	0
WeDef: Weakly Supervised Backdoor Defense for Text Classification	May 24, 2022	backdoor defenseClassification	—Unverified	0
Exploiting Dynamic and Fine-grained Semantic Scope for Extreme Multi-label Text Classification	May 24, 2022	Multi Label Text ClassificationMulti-Label Text Classification	—Unverified	0
Improving Short Text Classification With Augmented Data Using GPT-3	May 23, 2022	ClassificationLanguage Modeling	—Unverified	0
Many-Class Text Classification with Matching	May 23, 2022	Classificationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Prompt Tuning for Discriminative Pre-trained Language Models	May 23, 2022	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	1
Conditional Supervised Contrastive Learning for Fair Text Classification	May 23, 2022	ClassificationContrastive Learning	CodeCode Available	0
All Birds with One Stone: Multi-task Text Classification for Efficient Inference with One Forward Pass	May 22, 2022	AllClassification	—Unverified	0
Argumentative Explanations for Pattern-Based Text Classifiers	May 22, 2022	Binary text classificationregression	—Unverified	0
Set-based Meta-Interpolation for Few-Task Meta-Learning	May 20, 2022	Bilevel Optimizationimage-classification	—Unverified	0
Progressive Class Semantic Matching for Semi-supervised Text Classification	May 20, 2022	General ClassificationLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	0
PromptDA: Label-guided Data Augmentation for Prompt-based Few-shot Learners	May 18, 2022	Data AugmentationFew-Shot Learning	CodeCode Available	0
Guidelines for the Regularization of Gammas in Batch Normalization for Deep Residual Networks	May 15, 2022	L2 RegularizationMachine Translation	—Unverified	0
TiBERT: Tibetan Pre-trained Language Model	May 15, 2022	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	—Unverified	0
Interlock-Free Multi-Aspect Rationalization for Text Classification	May 13, 2022	Classificationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Weakly Supervised Text Classification using Supervision Signals from a Language Model	May 13, 2022	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	1
TreeMix: Compositional Constituency-based Data Augmentation for Natural Language Understanding	May 12, 2022	Constituency ParsingData Augmentation	CodeCode Available	1
Quantum Self-Attention Neural Networks for Text Classification	May 11, 2022	Classificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	1
Towards Unified Prompt Tuning for Few-shot Text Classification	May 11, 2022	ClassificationFew-Shot Learning	—Unverified	0
Building for Tomorrow: Assessing the Temporal Persistence of Text Classifiers	May 11, 2022	Classificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
UL2: Unifying Language Learning Paradigms	May 10, 2022	Arithmetic ReasoningCommon Sense Reasoning	CodeCode Available	1
Sibylvariant Transformations for Robust Text Classification	May 10, 2022	Adversarial RobustnessDefect Detection	CodeCode Available	0
A Simple Yet Efficient Method for Adversarial Word-Substitute Attack	May 7, 2022	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0

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All datasets MTEB AG News DBpedia R8 TREC-6 20NEWS UK Key Stage Readability Ohsumed Yahoo! Answers MR Climabench NewsDiscourse

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ST5-XXL	Accuracy	73.42	—	Unverified
2	ST5-XL	Accuracy	72.84	—	Unverified
3	ST5-Large	Accuracy	72.31	—	Unverified
4	Ada Similarity	Accuracy	70.44	—	Unverified
5	SGPT-5.8B-nli	Accuracy	70.14	—	Unverified
6	ST5-Base	Accuracy	69.81	—	Unverified
7	SGPT-5.8B-msmarco	Accuracy	68.13	—	Unverified
8	MPNet-multilingual	Accuracy	67.91	—	Unverified
9	GTR-XXL	Accuracy	67.41	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-BERT-sup	Accuracy	67.32	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mistral-Small-24B + CAPO	Error	15.7	—	Unverified
2	ToWE-SG	Error	14	—	Unverified
3	Qwen2.5-32B + CAPO	Error	12.93	—	Unverified
4	Llama-3.3-70B + CAPO	Error	11.2	—	Unverified
5	Seq2CNN with GWS(50)	Error	9.64	—	Unverified
6	Char-level CNN	Error	9.51	—	Unverified
7	SVDCNN	Error	9.45	—	Unverified
8	VDCN	Error	8.67	—	Unverified
9	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	7.9	—	Unverified
10	CCCapsNet	Error	7.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Seq2CNN(50)	Error	2.77	—	Unverified
2	Char-level CNN	Error	1.55	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-concat	Error	1.43	—	Unverified
4	FastText	Error	1.4	—	Unverified
5	VDCN	Error	1.29	—	Unverified
6	CCCapsNet	Error	1.28	—	Unverified
7	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	1.2	—	Unverified
8	BERT large UDA	Error	1.09	—	Unverified
9	M-ACNN	Error	1.07	—	Unverified
10	EXAM	Error	1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	98.45	—	Unverified
2	C-BERT (ESGNN + BERT)	Accuracy	98.28	—	Unverified
3	ESGNN	Accuracy	98.23	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	98.2	—	Unverified
5	BERT	Accuracy	98.17	—	Unverified
6	SGNN	Accuracy	98.09	—	Unverified
7	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	98.04	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	97.98	—	Unverified
9	Our Model*	Accuracy	97.8	—	Unverified
10	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	97.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TM-Glove	Error	9.96	—	Unverified
2	byte mLSTM7	Error	9.6	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-aver	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
4	DELTA (CNN)	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
5	Capsule-B	Error	7.2	—	Unverified
6	STM+TSED+PT+2L	Error	7.04	—	Unverified
7	GRU-RNN-GLOVE	Error	7	—	Unverified
8	MPAD-path	Error	6.2	—	Unverified
9	VLAWE	Error	5.8	—	Unverified
10	C-LSTM	Error	5.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LinearSVM+TFIDF	Accuracy	93	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.5	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	88.6	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
6	RMDL (15 RDLs)	Accuracy	87.91	—	Unverified
7	Sparse Tensor Classifier	Accuracy	87.3	—	Unverified
8	GraphStar	Accuracy	86.9	—	Unverified
9	NABoE-full	Accuracy	86.8	—	Unverified
10	Text GCN	Accuracy	86.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ELECTRA + ANN	F1	99.6	—	Unverified
2	ERNIE + ANN	F1	99.4	—	Unverified
3	XLNet + ANN	F1	99.2	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa + ANN	F1	98.7	—	Unverified
5	Longformer + ANN	F1	93.9	—	Unverified
6	BERT + ANN	F1	90.5	—	Unverified
7	ALBERT + ANN	F1	79.7	—	Unverified
8	BERT	F1	75	—	Unverified
9	DistilBERT	F1	74.4	—	Unverified
10	XLNet	F1	74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	72.8	—	Unverified
2	Our Model*	Accuracy	69.4	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
6	Text GCN	Accuracy	68.36	—	Unverified
7	GraphStar	Accuracy	64.2	—	Unverified
8	ApproxRepSet	Accuracy	64.06	—	Unverified
9	REL-RWMD k-NN	Accuracy	58.74	—	Unverified
10	CNN+Lowercased	Accuracy	36.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-ITPT-FiT	Accuracy	77.62	—	Unverified
2	DRNN	Accuracy	76.26	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (HAN)	Accuracy	75.1	—	Unverified
4	EXAM	Accuracy	74.8	—	Unverified
5	DNC+CUW	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
6	ULMFiT (Small data)	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
7	CCCapsNet	Accuracy	73.85	—	Unverified
8	SWEM-concat	Accuracy	73.53	—	Unverified
9	FastText	Accuracy	72.3	—	Unverified
10	Seq2CNN(50)	Accuracy	55.39	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	90.21	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.7	—	Unverified
3	ERNIE 2.0 (optimized)	Accuracy	89.53	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa	Accuracy	89.42	—	Unverified
5	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	88.97	—	Unverified
6	BERT	Accuracy	86.94	—	Unverified
7	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	86.02	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	85.31	—	Unverified
9	SSGC	Accuracy	76.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CliReBERT (P0L3/clirebert_clirevocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.65	—	Unverified
2	ClimateBERT (climatebert/distilroberta-base-climate-f)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.64	—	Unverified
3	BERT (google-bert/bert-base-uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
4	CliSciBERT (P0L3/cliscibert_scivocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
5	SciBERT (allenai/scibert_scivocab_cased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.59	—	Unverified
6	DistilRoBERTa (distilbert/distilroberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
7	SciClimateBERT (P0L3/sciclimatebert)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
8	RoBERTa (FacebookAI/roberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.57	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Human (Post-Rec.) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	73.69	—	Unverified
2	MT-Mac (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	63.46	—	Unverified
3	MT-Mic (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	61.89	—	Unverified
4	RL-IP/TT (Choubey et al., 2021)	macro F1	57	—	Unverified
5	Document LSTM + Document encoding (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	54.4	—	Unverified
6	CRF Fine-grained (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	52.9	—	Unverified
7	Human (Blind) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	46.18	—	Unverified
8	Feature-based (SVM) (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	38.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	1-6 BertGCN	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	GraphStar	Accuracy	95	—	Unverified
3	Our Model*	Accuracy	94.6	—	Unverified
4	SSGC	Accuracy	94.5	—	Unverified
5	SGC	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
6	SGCN	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
7	Text GCN	Accuracy	93.56	—	Unverified
8	TM-Glove	Accuracy	89.14	—	Unverified