Text Classification

Text Classification is the task of assigning a sentence or document an appropriate category. The categories depend on the chosen dataset and can range from topics.

Text Classification problems include emotion classification, news classification, citation intent classification, among others. Benchmark datasets for evaluating text classification capabilities include GLUE, AGNews, among others.

In recent years, deep learning techniques like XLNet and RoBERTa have attained some of the biggest performance jumps for text classification problems.

( Image credit: Text Classification Algorithms: A Survey )

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 1201–1250 of 3635 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Score
Few-shot Pseudo-Labeling for Intent Detection	Dec 8, 2020	ClusteringIntent Detection	CodeCode Available	5
Diversity-Based Generalization for Unsupervised Text Classification under Domain Shift	Feb 25, 2020	ClassificationDiversity	CodeCode Available	5
BERT for Sentiment Analysis: Pre-trained and Fine-Tuned Alternatives	Jan 10, 2022	Sentiment Analysistext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Few-Shot Charge Prediction with Discriminative Legal Attributes	Aug 1, 2018	AttributePrediction	CodeCode Available	5
Diverse Few-Shot Text Classification with Multiple Metrics	May 19, 2018	ClassificationFew-Shot Learning	CodeCode Available	5
Ensembling Finetuned Language Models for Text Classification	Oct 25, 2024	Classificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Distribution Matching for Rationalization	Jun 1, 2021	Classificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Pre-trained Encoder Inference: Revealing Upstream Encoders In Downstream Machine Learning Services	Aug 5, 2024	image-classificationImage Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Can Demographic Factors Improve Text Classification? Revisiting Demographic Adaptation in the Age of Transformers	Oct 13, 2022	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	5
Comparing Specialised Small and General Large Language Models on Text Classification: 100 Labelled Samples to Achieve Break-Even Performance	Feb 20, 2024	In-Context LearningLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	5
Fusing Models with Complementary Expertise	Oct 2, 2023	Multiple-choicetext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Adversarial Scrubbing of Demographic Information for Text Classification	Sep 17, 2021	Classificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
LANGUAGE MODEL EMBEDDINGS IMPROVE SENTIMENT ANALYSIS IN RUSSIAN	May 29, 2019	ArticlesLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	5
ERNIE-Doc: A Retrospective Long-Document Modeling Transformer	Dec 31, 2020	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	5
Feature Adaptation of Pre-Trained Language Models across Languages and Domains with Robust Self-Training	Sep 24, 2020	Domain AdaptationText Classification	CodeCode Available	5
BERT-Based Sentiment Analysis: A Software Engineering Perspective	Jun 4, 2021	Recommendation SystemsSentiment Analysis	CodeCode Available	5
Distributed Representations of Sentences and Documents	May 16, 2014	Question AnsweringSentiment Analysis	CodeCode Available	5
Federated Continual Learning for Text Classification via Selective Inter-client Transfer	Oct 12, 2022	Continual LearningFederated Learning	CodeCode Available	5
Anytime Active Learning	Jul 27, 2014	Active LearningDocument Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Distinguishing between Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) using Mental Health Records: a Classification Approach	Nov 1, 2020	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Distinguishability Calibration to In-Context Learning	Feb 13, 2023	In-Context LearningLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	5
Distilling ChatGPT for Explainable Automated Student Answer Assessment	May 22, 2023	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	5
An Evaluation Framework for Mapping News Headlines to Event Classes in a Knowledge Graph	Dec 4, 2023	Entity LinkingNatural Language Inference	CodeCode Available	5
Fair Text Classification with Wasserstein Independence	Nov 21, 2023	AttributeClassification	CodeCode Available	5
Achieving Verified Robustness to Symbol Substitutions via Interval Bound Propagation	Sep 3, 2019	Data Augmentationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Learning Label Hierarchy with Supervised Contrastive Learning	Jan 31, 2024	Contrastive Learningtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Fake News Detection: a comparison between available Deep Learning techniques in vector space	Feb 18, 2021	Fake News Detectiontext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluating Discourse in Structured Text Representations	Jun 4, 2019	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluating Explanations: How much do explanations from the teacher aid students?	Dec 1, 2020	Question Answeringtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
CascadeXML: Rethinking Transformers for End-to-end Multi-resolution Training in Extreme Multi-label Classification	Oct 29, 2022	Extreme Multi-Label ClassificationMulti-Label Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Adversarial Reprogramming of Text Classification Neural Networks	Sep 6, 2018	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluating shallow and deep learning strategies for the 2018 n2c2 shared task on clinical text classification	Sep 12, 2019	BIG-bench Machine LearningBinary text classification	CodeCode Available	5
Exploring the Vulnerability of Natural Language Processing Models via Universal Adversarial Texts	Dec 1, 2021	Adversarial Attacktext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Learning to Few-Shot Learn Across Diverse Natural Language Classification Tasks	Nov 10, 2019	DiversityEntity Typing	CodeCode Available	5
A pipeline and comparative study of 12 machine learning models for text classification	Apr 4, 2022	BIG-bench Machine LearningClassification	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluating The Effectiveness of Capsule Neural Network in Toxic Comment Classification using Pre-trained BERT Embeddings	Oct 12, 2023	Multilingual NLPNatural Language Understanding	CodeCode Available	5
A Neural Pairwise Ranking Model for Readability Assessment	Mar 14, 2022	Cross-corpusmodel	CodeCode Available	5
Exposing the Limits of Video-Text Models through Contrast Sets	Jul 1, 2022	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	5
Extracting Outcomes from Appellate Decisions in US State Courts	Dec 9, 2020	Attribute Extractionlegal outcome extraction	CodeCode Available	5
FastClass: A Time-Efficient Approach to Weakly-Supervised Text Classification	Dec 11, 2022	Classificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
FedNLP: Benchmarking Federated Learning Methods for Natural Language Processing Tasks	Apr 18, 2021	BenchmarkingFederated Learning	CodeCode Available	5
Exploring Multilingual Text Data Distillation	Aug 9, 2023	Dataset DistillationFairness	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluation and Improvement of Chatbot Text Classification Data Quality Using Plausible Negative Examples	Jun 5, 2019	ChatbotGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluation Measures for Hierarchical Classification: a unified view and novel approaches	Jun 28, 2013	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Exploring Neural Language Models via Analysis of Local and Global Self-Attention Spaces	Apr 1, 2021	Machine TranslationQuestion Answering	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluation of a Sequence Tagging Tool for Biomedical Texts	Oct 1, 2018	Articlesnamed-entity-recognition	CodeCode Available	5
Explore Spurious Correlations at the Concept Level in Language Models for Text Classification	Nov 15, 2023	counterfactualIn-Context Learning	CodeCode Available	5
Leveraging Cross-Lingual Transfer Learning in Spoken Named Entity Recognition Systems	Jul 3, 2023	Cross-Lingual Transfernamed-entity-recognition	CodeCode Available	5
Discriminating between standard Romanian and Moldavian tweets using filtered character ngrams	Dec 1, 2020	Articlestext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Benchmarking Popular Classification Models' Robustness to Random and Targeted Corruptions	Jan 31, 2020	BenchmarkingClassification	CodeCode Available	5

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All datasets MTEB AG News DBpedia R8 TREC-6 20NEWS UK Key Stage Readability Ohsumed Yahoo! Answers MR Climabench NewsDiscourse

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ST5-XXL	Accuracy	73.42	—	Unverified
2	ST5-XL	Accuracy	72.84	—	Unverified
3	ST5-Large	Accuracy	72.31	—	Unverified
4	Ada Similarity	Accuracy	70.44	—	Unverified
5	SGPT-5.8B-nli	Accuracy	70.14	—	Unverified
6	ST5-Base	Accuracy	69.81	—	Unverified
7	SGPT-5.8B-msmarco	Accuracy	68.13	—	Unverified
8	MPNet-multilingual	Accuracy	67.91	—	Unverified
9	GTR-XXL	Accuracy	67.41	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-BERT-sup	Accuracy	67.32	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mistral-Small-24B + CAPO	Error	15.7	—	Unverified
2	ToWE-SG	Error	14	—	Unverified
3	Qwen2.5-32B + CAPO	Error	12.93	—	Unverified
4	Llama-3.3-70B + CAPO	Error	11.2	—	Unverified
5	Seq2CNN with GWS(50)	Error	9.64	—	Unverified
6	Char-level CNN	Error	9.51	—	Unverified
7	SVDCNN	Error	9.45	—	Unverified
8	VDCN	Error	8.67	—	Unverified
9	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	7.9	—	Unverified
10	CCCapsNet	Error	7.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Seq2CNN(50)	Error	2.77	—	Unverified
2	Char-level CNN	Error	1.55	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-concat	Error	1.43	—	Unverified
4	FastText	Error	1.4	—	Unverified
5	VDCN	Error	1.29	—	Unverified
6	CCCapsNet	Error	1.28	—	Unverified
7	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	1.2	—	Unverified
8	BERT large UDA	Error	1.09	—	Unverified
9	M-ACNN	Error	1.07	—	Unverified
10	EXAM	Error	1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	98.45	—	Unverified
2	C-BERT (ESGNN + BERT)	Accuracy	98.28	—	Unverified
3	ESGNN	Accuracy	98.23	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	98.2	—	Unverified
5	BERT	Accuracy	98.17	—	Unverified
6	SGNN	Accuracy	98.09	—	Unverified
7	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	98.04	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	97.98	—	Unverified
9	Our Model*	Accuracy	97.8	—	Unverified
10	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	97.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TM-Glove	Error	9.96	—	Unverified
2	byte mLSTM7	Error	9.6	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-aver	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
4	DELTA (CNN)	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
5	Capsule-B	Error	7.2	—	Unverified
6	STM+TSED+PT+2L	Error	7.04	—	Unverified
7	GRU-RNN-GLOVE	Error	7	—	Unverified
8	MPAD-path	Error	6.2	—	Unverified
9	VLAWE	Error	5.8	—	Unverified
10	C-LSTM	Error	5.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LinearSVM+TFIDF	Accuracy	93	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.5	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	88.6	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
6	RMDL (15 RDLs)	Accuracy	87.91	—	Unverified
7	Sparse Tensor Classifier	Accuracy	87.3	—	Unverified
8	GraphStar	Accuracy	86.9	—	Unverified
9	NABoE-full	Accuracy	86.8	—	Unverified
10	Text GCN	Accuracy	86.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ELECTRA + ANN	F1	99.6	—	Unverified
2	ERNIE + ANN	F1	99.4	—	Unverified
3	XLNet + ANN	F1	99.2	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa + ANN	F1	98.7	—	Unverified
5	Longformer + ANN	F1	93.9	—	Unverified
6	BERT + ANN	F1	90.5	—	Unverified
7	ALBERT + ANN	F1	79.7	—	Unverified
8	BERT	F1	75	—	Unverified
9	DistilBERT	F1	74.4	—	Unverified
10	XLNet	F1	74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	72.8	—	Unverified
2	Our Model*	Accuracy	69.4	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
6	Text GCN	Accuracy	68.36	—	Unverified
7	GraphStar	Accuracy	64.2	—	Unverified
8	ApproxRepSet	Accuracy	64.06	—	Unverified
9	REL-RWMD k-NN	Accuracy	58.74	—	Unverified
10	CNN+Lowercased	Accuracy	36.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-ITPT-FiT	Accuracy	77.62	—	Unverified
2	DRNN	Accuracy	76.26	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (HAN)	Accuracy	75.1	—	Unverified
4	EXAM	Accuracy	74.8	—	Unverified
5	DNC+CUW	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
6	ULMFiT (Small data)	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
7	CCCapsNet	Accuracy	73.85	—	Unverified
8	SWEM-concat	Accuracy	73.53	—	Unverified
9	FastText	Accuracy	72.3	—	Unverified
10	Seq2CNN(50)	Accuracy	55.39	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	90.21	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.7	—	Unverified
3	ERNIE 2.0 (optimized)	Accuracy	89.53	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa	Accuracy	89.42	—	Unverified
5	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	88.97	—	Unverified
6	BERT	Accuracy	86.94	—	Unverified
7	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	86.02	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	85.31	—	Unverified
9	SSGC	Accuracy	76.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CliReBERT (P0L3/clirebert_clirevocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.65	—	Unverified
2	ClimateBERT (climatebert/distilroberta-base-climate-f)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.64	—	Unverified
3	BERT (google-bert/bert-base-uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
4	CliSciBERT (P0L3/cliscibert_scivocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
5	SciBERT (allenai/scibert_scivocab_cased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.59	—	Unverified
6	DistilRoBERTa (distilbert/distilroberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
7	SciClimateBERT (P0L3/sciclimatebert)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
8	RoBERTa (FacebookAI/roberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.57	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Human (Post-Rec.) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	73.69	—	Unverified
2	MT-Mac (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	63.46	—	Unverified
3	MT-Mic (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	61.89	—	Unverified
4	RL-IP/TT (Choubey et al., 2021)	macro F1	57	—	Unverified
5	Document LSTM + Document encoding (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	54.4	—	Unverified
6	CRF Fine-grained (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	52.9	—	Unverified
7	Human (Blind) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	46.18	—	Unverified
8	Feature-based (SVM) (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	38.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	1-6 BertGCN	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	GraphStar	Accuracy	95	—	Unverified
3	Our Model*	Accuracy	94.6	—	Unverified
4	SSGC	Accuracy	94.5	—	Unverified
5	SGC	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
6	SGCN	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
7	Text GCN	Accuracy	93.56	—	Unverified
8	TM-Glove	Accuracy	89.14	—	Unverified