Text Classification

Text Classification is the task of assigning a sentence or document an appropriate category. The categories depend on the chosen dataset and can range from topics.

Text Classification problems include emotion classification, news classification, citation intent classification, among others. Benchmark datasets for evaluating text classification capabilities include GLUE, AGNews, among others.

In recent years, deep learning techniques like XLNet and RoBERTa have attained some of the biggest performance jumps for text classification problems.

( Image credit: Text Classification Algorithms: A Survey )

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 951–1000 of 3635 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Score
FLAIR: An Easy-to-Use Framework for State-of-the-Art NLP	Jun 1, 2019	ChunkingNamed Entity Recognition (NER)	CodeCode Available	5
Challenging the Semi-Supervised VAE Framework for Text Classification	Sep 27, 2021	Classificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Active learning for reducing labeling effort in text classification tasks	Sep 10, 2021	Active Learningtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Azimuth: Systematic Error Analysis for Text Classification	Dec 16, 2022	Classificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Fine-grained domain classification of text using TERMIUM Plus	Sep 1, 2017	Classificationdomain classification	CodeCode Available	5
Comparing Specialised Small and General Large Language Models on Text Classification: 100 Labelled Samples to Achieve Break-Even Performance	Feb 20, 2024	In-Context LearningLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	5
Fighting Randomness with Randomness: Mitigating Optimisation Instability of Fine-Tuning using Delayed Ensemble and Noisy Interpolation	Jun 18, 2024	Computational EfficiencyData Augmentation	CodeCode Available	5
CEPOC: The Cambridge Exams Publishing Open Cloze dataset	Jun 1, 2022	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	5
FilipN@LT-EDI-ACL2022-Detecting signs of Depression from Social Media: Examining the use of summarization methods as data augmentation for text classification	May 1, 2022	Abstractive Text SummarizationClassification	CodeCode Available	5
Aggressive Sampling for Multi-class to Binary Reduction with Applications to Text Classification	Jan 23, 2017	Binary ClassificationClassification	CodeCode Available	5
FLAG: Financial Long Document Classification via AMR-based GNN	Oct 2, 2024	Abstract Meaning RepresentationDocument Classification	CodeCode Available	5
CAWA: An Attention-Network for Credit Attribution	Nov 26, 2019	Information RetrievalMultilabel Text Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Few-shot Pseudo-Labeling for Intent Detection	Dec 8, 2020	ClusteringIntent Detection	CodeCode Available	5
Few-Shot and Zero-Shot Multi-Label Learning for Structured Label Spaces	Oct 1, 2018	General ClassificationMulti-Label Classification	CodeCode Available	5
AppealCase: A Dataset and Benchmark for Civil Case Appeal Scenarios	May 22, 2025	Decision MakingMulti-class Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Adversarial Cooperative Rationalization: The Risk of Spurious Correlations in Even Clean Datasets	May 4, 2025	Graph Classificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Few-Shot Charge Prediction with Discriminative Legal Attributes	Aug 1, 2018	AttributePrediction	CodeCode Available	5
Federated Continual Learning for Text Classification via Selective Inter-client Transfer	Oct 12, 2022	Continual LearningFederated Learning	CodeCode Available	5
A pipeline and comparative study of 12 machine learning models for text classification	Apr 4, 2022	BIG-bench Machine LearningClassification	CodeCode Available	5
Bagging BERT Models for Robust Aggression Identification	May 1, 2020	Aggression Identificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Categorical Metadata Representation for Customized Text Classification	Feb 14, 2019	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Demographics Should Not Be the Reason of Toxicity: Mitigating Discrimination in Text Classifications with Instance Weighting	Apr 29, 2020	Abusive LanguageGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Feature Adaptation of Pre-Trained Language Models across Languages and Domains with Robust Self-Training	Sep 24, 2020	Domain AdaptationText Classification	CodeCode Available	5
FedNLP: Benchmarking Federated Learning Methods for Natural Language Processing Tasks	Apr 18, 2021	BenchmarkingFederated Learning	CodeCode Available	5
CascadeXML: Rethinking Transformers for End-to-end Multi-resolution Training in Extreme Multi-label Classification	Oct 29, 2022	Extreme Multi-Label ClassificationMulti-Label Classification	CodeCode Available	5
FastClass: A Time-Efficient Approach to Weakly-Supervised Text Classification	Dec 11, 2022	Classificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Achieving Verified Robustness to Symbol Substitutions via Interval Bound Propagation	Sep 3, 2019	Data Augmentationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Anytime Active Learning	Jul 27, 2014	Active LearningDocument Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Fair Text Classification with Wasserstein Independence	Nov 21, 2023	AttributeClassification	CodeCode Available	5
Depth F_1: Improving Evaluation of Cross-Domain Text Classification by Measuring Semantic Generalizability	Jun 20, 2024	ClassificationCross-Domain Text Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Depth Growing for Neural Machine Translation	Jul 3, 2019	Machine TranslationNMT	CodeCode Available	5
A Context Aware Approach for Generating Natural Language Attacks	Dec 24, 2020	Language ModellingSentence	CodeCode Available	5
Can Model Fusing Help Transformers in Long Document Classification? An Empirical Study	Jul 18, 2023	ClassificationDocument Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Description-Enhanced Label Embedding Contrastive Learning for Text Classification	Jun 15, 2023	ClassificationContrastive Learning	CodeCode Available	5
Rational Recurrences	Aug 28, 2018	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	5
Aggregated Learning: A Vector-Quantization Approach to Learning Neural Network Classifiers	Jan 12, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Fake News Detection: a comparison between available Deep Learning techniques in vector space	Feb 18, 2021	Fake News Detectiontext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networks for Text Classification	Jan 1, 2015	ClassificationEmotion Recognition in Conversation	CodeCode Available	5
Few-Shot Text Classification with Pre-Trained Word Embeddings and a Human in the Loop	Apr 5, 2018	Few-Shot LearningFew-Shot Text Classification	CodeCode Available	5
FPT: Feature Prompt Tuning for Few-shot Readability Assessment	Apr 3, 2024	16kFew-Shot Text Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Exploring the Vulnerability of Natural Language Processing Models via Universal Adversarial Texts	Dec 1, 2021	Adversarial Attacktext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Exploring the Trade-off Between Model Performance and Explanation Plausibility of Text Classifiers Using Human Rationales	Apr 3, 2024	Contrastive LearningHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available	5
Detecting Media Bias in News Articles using Gaussian Bias Distributions	Oct 20, 2020	ArticlesBias Detection	CodeCode Available	5
Adversarial Examples for Extreme Multilabel Text Classification	Dec 14, 2021	ClassificationMultilabel Text Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Exposing the Limits of Video-Text Models through Contrast Sets	Jul 1, 2022	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	5
Can Demographic Factors Improve Text Classification? Revisiting Demographic Adaptation in the Age of Transformers	Oct 13, 2022	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	5
Detection of Fake Generated Scientific Abstracts	Apr 12, 2023	Text Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Detection of Word Adversarial Examples in Text Classification: Benchmark and Baseline via Robust Density Estimation	Mar 3, 2022	Adversarial DefenseDensity Estimation	CodeCode Available	5
Leveraging Cross-Lingual Transfer Learning in Spoken Named Entity Recognition Systems	Jul 3, 2023	Cross-Lingual Transfernamed-entity-recognition	CodeCode Available	5
Exploring the Relationship Between Algorithm Performance, Vocabulary, and Run-Time in Text Classification	Apr 8, 2021	ClassificationDocument Classification	CodeCode Available	5

Show:10 25 50

← PrevPage 20 of 73Next →

All datasets MTEB AG News DBpedia R8 TREC-6 20NEWS UK Key Stage Readability Ohsumed Yahoo! Answers MR Climabench NewsDiscourse

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ST5-XXL	Accuracy	73.42	—	Unverified
2	ST5-XL	Accuracy	72.84	—	Unverified
3	ST5-Large	Accuracy	72.31	—	Unverified
4	Ada Similarity	Accuracy	70.44	—	Unverified
5	SGPT-5.8B-nli	Accuracy	70.14	—	Unverified
6	ST5-Base	Accuracy	69.81	—	Unverified
7	SGPT-5.8B-msmarco	Accuracy	68.13	—	Unverified
8	MPNet-multilingual	Accuracy	67.91	—	Unverified
9	GTR-XXL	Accuracy	67.41	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-BERT-sup	Accuracy	67.32	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mistral-Small-24B + CAPO	Error	15.7	—	Unverified
2	ToWE-SG	Error	14	—	Unverified
3	Qwen2.5-32B + CAPO	Error	12.93	—	Unverified
4	Llama-3.3-70B + CAPO	Error	11.2	—	Unverified
5	Seq2CNN with GWS(50)	Error	9.64	—	Unverified
6	Char-level CNN	Error	9.51	—	Unverified
7	SVDCNN	Error	9.45	—	Unverified
8	VDCN	Error	8.67	—	Unverified
9	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	7.9	—	Unverified
10	CCCapsNet	Error	7.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Seq2CNN(50)	Error	2.77	—	Unverified
2	Char-level CNN	Error	1.55	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-concat	Error	1.43	—	Unverified
4	FastText	Error	1.4	—	Unverified
5	VDCN	Error	1.29	—	Unverified
6	CCCapsNet	Error	1.28	—	Unverified
7	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	1.2	—	Unverified
8	BERT large UDA	Error	1.09	—	Unverified
9	M-ACNN	Error	1.07	—	Unverified
10	EXAM	Error	1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	98.45	—	Unverified
2	C-BERT (ESGNN + BERT)	Accuracy	98.28	—	Unverified
3	ESGNN	Accuracy	98.23	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	98.2	—	Unverified
5	BERT	Accuracy	98.17	—	Unverified
6	SGNN	Accuracy	98.09	—	Unverified
7	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	98.04	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	97.98	—	Unverified
9	Our Model*	Accuracy	97.8	—	Unverified
10	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	97.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TM-Glove	Error	9.96	—	Unverified
2	byte mLSTM7	Error	9.6	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-aver	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
4	DELTA (CNN)	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
5	Capsule-B	Error	7.2	—	Unverified
6	STM+TSED+PT+2L	Error	7.04	—	Unverified
7	GRU-RNN-GLOVE	Error	7	—	Unverified
8	MPAD-path	Error	6.2	—	Unverified
9	VLAWE	Error	5.8	—	Unverified
10	C-LSTM	Error	5.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LinearSVM+TFIDF	Accuracy	93	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.5	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	88.6	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
6	RMDL (15 RDLs)	Accuracy	87.91	—	Unverified
7	Sparse Tensor Classifier	Accuracy	87.3	—	Unverified
8	GraphStar	Accuracy	86.9	—	Unverified
9	NABoE-full	Accuracy	86.8	—	Unverified
10	Text GCN	Accuracy	86.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ELECTRA + ANN	F1	99.6	—	Unverified
2	ERNIE + ANN	F1	99.4	—	Unverified
3	XLNet + ANN	F1	99.2	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa + ANN	F1	98.7	—	Unverified
5	Longformer + ANN	F1	93.9	—	Unverified
6	BERT + ANN	F1	90.5	—	Unverified
7	ALBERT + ANN	F1	79.7	—	Unverified
8	BERT	F1	75	—	Unverified
9	DistilBERT	F1	74.4	—	Unverified
10	XLNet	F1	74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	72.8	—	Unverified
2	Our Model*	Accuracy	69.4	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
6	Text GCN	Accuracy	68.36	—	Unverified
7	GraphStar	Accuracy	64.2	—	Unverified
8	ApproxRepSet	Accuracy	64.06	—	Unverified
9	REL-RWMD k-NN	Accuracy	58.74	—	Unverified
10	CNN+Lowercased	Accuracy	36.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-ITPT-FiT	Accuracy	77.62	—	Unverified
2	DRNN	Accuracy	76.26	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (HAN)	Accuracy	75.1	—	Unverified
4	EXAM	Accuracy	74.8	—	Unverified
5	DNC+CUW	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
6	ULMFiT (Small data)	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
7	CCCapsNet	Accuracy	73.85	—	Unverified
8	SWEM-concat	Accuracy	73.53	—	Unverified
9	FastText	Accuracy	72.3	—	Unverified
10	Seq2CNN(50)	Accuracy	55.39	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	90.21	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.7	—	Unverified
3	ERNIE 2.0 (optimized)	Accuracy	89.53	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa	Accuracy	89.42	—	Unverified
5	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	88.97	—	Unverified
6	BERT	Accuracy	86.94	—	Unverified
7	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	86.02	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	85.31	—	Unverified
9	SSGC	Accuracy	76.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CliReBERT (P0L3/clirebert_clirevocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.65	—	Unverified
2	ClimateBERT (climatebert/distilroberta-base-climate-f)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.64	—	Unverified
3	BERT (google-bert/bert-base-uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
4	CliSciBERT (P0L3/cliscibert_scivocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
5	SciBERT (allenai/scibert_scivocab_cased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.59	—	Unverified
6	DistilRoBERTa (distilbert/distilroberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
7	SciClimateBERT (P0L3/sciclimatebert)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
8	RoBERTa (FacebookAI/roberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.57	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Human (Post-Rec.) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	73.69	—	Unverified
2	MT-Mac (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	63.46	—	Unverified
3	MT-Mic (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	61.89	—	Unverified
4	RL-IP/TT (Choubey et al., 2021)	macro F1	57	—	Unverified
5	Document LSTM + Document encoding (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	54.4	—	Unverified
6	CRF Fine-grained (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	52.9	—	Unverified
7	Human (Blind) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	46.18	—	Unverified
8	Feature-based (SVM) (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	38.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	1-6 BertGCN	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	GraphStar	Accuracy	95	—	Unverified
3	Our Model*	Accuracy	94.6	—	Unverified
4	SSGC	Accuracy	94.5	—	Unverified
5	SGC	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
6	SGCN	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
7	Text GCN	Accuracy	93.56	—	Unverified
8	TM-Glove	Accuracy	89.14	—	Unverified