Text Classification

Text Classification is the task of assigning a sentence or document an appropriate category. The categories depend on the chosen dataset and can range from topics.

Text Classification problems include emotion classification, news classification, citation intent classification, among others. Benchmark datasets for evaluating text classification capabilities include GLUE, AGNews, among others.

In recent years, deep learning techniques like XLNet and RoBERTa have attained some of the biggest performance jumps for text classification problems.

( Image credit: Text Classification Algorithms: A Survey )

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 851–900 of 3635 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Score
FRAGE: Frequency-Agnostic Word Representation	Sep 18, 2018	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	5
From Random to Supervised: A Novel Dropout Mechanism Integrated with Global Information	Aug 24, 2018	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Fuse to Forget: Bias Reduction and Selective Memorization through Model Fusion	Nov 13, 2023	Memorizationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Classification of Radiological Text in Small and Imbalanced Datasets in a Non-English Language	Sep 30, 2024	Few-Shot LearningSentence	CodeCode Available	5
Are All the Datasets in Benchmark Necessary? A Pilot Study of Dataset Evaluation for Text Classification	Nov 16, 2021	AllSentence	CodeCode Available	5
Classification of Medication-Related Tweets Using Stacked Bidirectional LSTMs with Context-Aware Attention	Oct 1, 2018	General ClassificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	5
A Two-Stage Decoder for Efficient ICD Coding	May 27, 2023	ClassificationDecoder	CodeCode Available	5
MEGClass: Extremely Weakly Supervised Text Classification via Mutually-Enhancing Text Granularities	Apr 4, 2023	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	5
CRNN: A Joint Neural Network for Redundancy Detection	Jun 4, 2017	BenchmarkingGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Cross-context News Corpus for Protest Events related Knowledge Base Construction	Aug 1, 2020	Active LearningArticles	CodeCode Available	5
FPT: Feature Prompt Tuning for Few-shot Readability Assessment	Apr 3, 2024	16kFew-Shot Text Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Cross-Domain Labeled LDA for Cross-Domain Text Classification	Sep 16, 2018	ClassificationCross-Domain Text Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Fusing Document, Collection and Label Graph-based Representations with Word Embeddings for Text Classification	Jun 1, 2018	General ClassificationSentiment Analysis	CodeCode Available	5
FlauBERT: Unsupervised Language Model Pre-training for French	Dec 11, 2019	FLUELanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	5
FLAG: Financial Long Document Classification via AMR-based GNN	Oct 2, 2024	Abstract Meaning RepresentationDocument Classification	CodeCode Available	5
A Hierarchical Neural Attention-based Text Classifier	Oct 1, 2018	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Cross-lingual Annotation Projection in Legal Texts	Dec 1, 2020	Cross-Lingual TransferDynamic Time Warping	CodeCode Available	5
FLAIR: An Easy-to-Use Framework for State-of-the-Art NLP	Jun 1, 2019	ChunkingNamed Entity Recognition (NER)	CodeCode Available	5
A Multi-level Neural Network for Implicit Causality Detection in Web Texts	Aug 18, 2019	Causal InferenceFeature Engineering	CodeCode Available	5
Classical Out-of-Distribution Detection Methods Benchmark in Text Classification Tasks	Jul 13, 2023	Out-of-Distribution Detectiontext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
AraDIC: Arabic Document Classification using Image-Based Character Embeddings and Class-Balanced Loss	Jun 20, 2020	ClassificationDeep Learning	CodeCode Available	5
Fine-grained domain classification of text using TERMIUM Plus	Sep 1, 2017	Classificationdomain classification	CodeCode Available	5
Comparing Specialised Small and General Large Language Models on Text Classification: 100 Labelled Samples to Achieve Break-Even Performance	Feb 20, 2024	In-Context LearningLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	5
Authorship Verification based on Compression-Models	Jun 1, 2017	Authorship VerificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Cross-Lingual Text Classification with Minimal Resources by Transferring a Sparse Teacher	Oct 6, 2020	General ClassificationRepresentation Learning	CodeCode Available	5
Fusing Models with Complementary Expertise	Oct 2, 2023	Multiple-choicetext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Arabic Synonym BERT-based Adversarial Examples for Text Classification	Feb 5, 2024	Adversarial TextLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	5
Few-Shot Text Classification with Pre-Trained Word Embeddings and a Human in the Loop	Apr 5, 2018	Few-Shot LearningFew-Shot Text Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Fighting Randomness with Randomness: Mitigating Optimisation Instability of Fine-Tuning using Delayed Ensemble and Noisy Interpolation	Jun 18, 2024	Computational EfficiencyData Augmentation	CodeCode Available	5
Few-shot Pseudo-Labeling for Intent Detection	Dec 8, 2020	ClusteringIntent Detection	CodeCode Available	5
Automated ICD Coding using Extreme Multi-label Long Text Transformer-based Models	Dec 12, 2022	Multi Label Text ClassificationMulti-Label Text Classification	CodeCode Available	5
A C-LSTM Neural Network for Text Classification	Nov 27, 2015	General ClassificationSentence	CodeCode Available	5
CIAug: Equipping Interpolative Augmentation with Curriculum Learning	Jul 1, 2022	Data Augmentationnamed-entity-recognition	CodeCode Available	5
A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Suicide Ideation Detection using Deep Learning	Jun 17, 2022	Deep Learningtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
FilipN@LT-EDI-ACL2022-Detecting signs of Depression from Social Media: Examining the use of summarization methods as data augmentation for text classification	May 1, 2022	Abstractive Text SummarizationClassification	CodeCode Available	5
APT-Pipe: A Prompt-Tuning Tool for Social Data Annotation using ChatGPT	Jan 24, 2024	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	5
FedNLP: Benchmarking Federated Learning Methods for Natural Language Processing Tasks	Apr 18, 2021	BenchmarkingFederated Learning	CodeCode Available	5
Feature Adaptation of Pre-Trained Language Models across Languages and Domains with Robust Self-Training	Sep 24, 2020	Domain AdaptationText Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Federated Continual Learning for Text Classification via Selective Inter-client Transfer	Oct 12, 2022	Continual LearningFederated Learning	CodeCode Available	5
Few-Shot and Zero-Shot Multi-Label Learning for Structured Label Spaces	Oct 1, 2018	General ClassificationMulti-Label Classification	CodeCode Available	5
ChatGraph: Interpretable Text Classification by Converting ChatGPT Knowledge to Graphs	May 3, 2023	ClassificationDecision Making	CodeCode Available	5
CXP949 at WNUT-2020 Task 2: Extracting Informative COVID-19 Tweets -- RoBERTa Ensembles and The Continued Relevance of Handcrafted Features	Oct 15, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Multi-Head Self-Attention with Role-Guided Masks	Dec 22, 2020	Machine Translationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Multi-label Dataless Text Classification with Topic Modeling	Nov 5, 2017	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
FastClass: A Time-Efficient Approach to Weakly-Supervised Text Classification	Dec 11, 2022	Classificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Active Learning via Membership Query Synthesis for Semi-Supervised Sentence Classification	Nov 1, 2019	Active LearningGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Few-Shot Charge Prediction with Discriminative Legal Attributes	Aug 1, 2018	AttributePrediction	CodeCode Available	5
DAGAM: Data Augmentation with Generation And Modification	Apr 6, 2022	Data Augmentationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	5
Analysis of the Evolution of Advanced Transformer-Based Language Models: Experiments on Opinion Mining	Aug 7, 2023	Emotion RecognitionOpinion Mining	CodeCode Available	5
Learning Sparse Sentence Encoding without Supervision: An Exploration of Sparsity in Variational Autoencoders	Sep 25, 2020	Inductive BiasRepresentation Learning	CodeCode Available	5

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All datasets MTEB AG News DBpedia R8 TREC-6 20NEWS UK Key Stage Readability Ohsumed Yahoo! Answers MR Climabench NewsDiscourse

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ST5-XXL	Accuracy	73.42	—	Unverified
2	ST5-XL	Accuracy	72.84	—	Unverified
3	ST5-Large	Accuracy	72.31	—	Unverified
4	Ada Similarity	Accuracy	70.44	—	Unverified
5	SGPT-5.8B-nli	Accuracy	70.14	—	Unverified
6	ST5-Base	Accuracy	69.81	—	Unverified
7	SGPT-5.8B-msmarco	Accuracy	68.13	—	Unverified
8	MPNet-multilingual	Accuracy	67.91	—	Unverified
9	GTR-XXL	Accuracy	67.41	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-BERT-sup	Accuracy	67.32	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mistral-Small-24B + CAPO	Error	15.7	—	Unverified
2	ToWE-SG	Error	14	—	Unverified
3	Qwen2.5-32B + CAPO	Error	12.93	—	Unverified
4	Llama-3.3-70B + CAPO	Error	11.2	—	Unverified
5	Seq2CNN with GWS(50)	Error	9.64	—	Unverified
6	Char-level CNN	Error	9.51	—	Unverified
7	SVDCNN	Error	9.45	—	Unverified
8	VDCN	Error	8.67	—	Unverified
9	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	7.9	—	Unverified
10	CCCapsNet	Error	7.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Seq2CNN(50)	Error	2.77	—	Unverified
2	Char-level CNN	Error	1.55	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-concat	Error	1.43	—	Unverified
4	FastText	Error	1.4	—	Unverified
5	VDCN	Error	1.29	—	Unverified
6	CCCapsNet	Error	1.28	—	Unverified
7	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	1.2	—	Unverified
8	BERT large UDA	Error	1.09	—	Unverified
9	M-ACNN	Error	1.07	—	Unverified
10	EXAM	Error	1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	98.45	—	Unverified
2	C-BERT (ESGNN + BERT)	Accuracy	98.28	—	Unverified
3	ESGNN	Accuracy	98.23	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	98.2	—	Unverified
5	BERT	Accuracy	98.17	—	Unverified
6	SGNN	Accuracy	98.09	—	Unverified
7	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	98.04	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	97.98	—	Unverified
9	Our Model*	Accuracy	97.8	—	Unverified
10	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	97.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TM-Glove	Error	9.96	—	Unverified
2	byte mLSTM7	Error	9.6	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-aver	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
4	DELTA (CNN)	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
5	Capsule-B	Error	7.2	—	Unverified
6	STM+TSED+PT+2L	Error	7.04	—	Unverified
7	GRU-RNN-GLOVE	Error	7	—	Unverified
8	MPAD-path	Error	6.2	—	Unverified
9	VLAWE	Error	5.8	—	Unverified
10	C-LSTM	Error	5.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LinearSVM+TFIDF	Accuracy	93	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.5	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	88.6	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
6	RMDL (15 RDLs)	Accuracy	87.91	—	Unverified
7	Sparse Tensor Classifier	Accuracy	87.3	—	Unverified
8	GraphStar	Accuracy	86.9	—	Unverified
9	NABoE-full	Accuracy	86.8	—	Unverified
10	Text GCN	Accuracy	86.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ELECTRA + ANN	F1	99.6	—	Unverified
2	ERNIE + ANN	F1	99.4	—	Unverified
3	XLNet + ANN	F1	99.2	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa + ANN	F1	98.7	—	Unverified
5	Longformer + ANN	F1	93.9	—	Unverified
6	BERT + ANN	F1	90.5	—	Unverified
7	ALBERT + ANN	F1	79.7	—	Unverified
8	BERT	F1	75	—	Unverified
9	DistilBERT	F1	74.4	—	Unverified
10	XLNet	F1	74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	72.8	—	Unverified
2	Our Model*	Accuracy	69.4	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
6	Text GCN	Accuracy	68.36	—	Unverified
7	GraphStar	Accuracy	64.2	—	Unverified
8	ApproxRepSet	Accuracy	64.06	—	Unverified
9	REL-RWMD k-NN	Accuracy	58.74	—	Unverified
10	CNN+Lowercased	Accuracy	36.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-ITPT-FiT	Accuracy	77.62	—	Unverified
2	DRNN	Accuracy	76.26	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (HAN)	Accuracy	75.1	—	Unverified
4	EXAM	Accuracy	74.8	—	Unverified
5	DNC+CUW	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
6	ULMFiT (Small data)	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
7	CCCapsNet	Accuracy	73.85	—	Unverified
8	SWEM-concat	Accuracy	73.53	—	Unverified
9	FastText	Accuracy	72.3	—	Unverified
10	Seq2CNN(50)	Accuracy	55.39	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	90.21	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.7	—	Unverified
3	ERNIE 2.0 (optimized)	Accuracy	89.53	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa	Accuracy	89.42	—	Unverified
5	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	88.97	—	Unverified
6	BERT	Accuracy	86.94	—	Unverified
7	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	86.02	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	85.31	—	Unverified
9	SSGC	Accuracy	76.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CliReBERT (P0L3/clirebert_clirevocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.65	—	Unverified
2	ClimateBERT (climatebert/distilroberta-base-climate-f)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.64	—	Unverified
3	BERT (google-bert/bert-base-uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
4	CliSciBERT (P0L3/cliscibert_scivocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
5	SciBERT (allenai/scibert_scivocab_cased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.59	—	Unverified
6	DistilRoBERTa (distilbert/distilroberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
7	SciClimateBERT (P0L3/sciclimatebert)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
8	RoBERTa (FacebookAI/roberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.57	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Human (Post-Rec.) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	73.69	—	Unverified
2	MT-Mac (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	63.46	—	Unverified
3	MT-Mic (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	61.89	—	Unverified
4	RL-IP/TT (Choubey et al., 2021)	macro F1	57	—	Unverified
5	Document LSTM + Document encoding (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	54.4	—	Unverified
6	CRF Fine-grained (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	52.9	—	Unverified
7	Human (Blind) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	46.18	—	Unverified
8	Feature-based (SVM) (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	38.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	1-6 BertGCN	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	GraphStar	Accuracy	95	—	Unverified
3	Our Model*	Accuracy	94.6	—	Unverified
4	SSGC	Accuracy	94.5	—	Unverified
5	SGC	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
6	SGCN	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
7	Text GCN	Accuracy	93.56	—	Unverified
8	TM-Glove	Accuracy	89.14	—	Unverified