Text Classification

Text Classification is the task of assigning a sentence or document an appropriate category. The categories depend on the chosen dataset and can range from topics.

Text Classification problems include emotion classification, news classification, citation intent classification, among others. Benchmark datasets for evaluating text classification capabilities include GLUE, AGNews, among others.

In recent years, deep learning techniques like XLNet and RoBERTa have attained some of the biggest performance jumps for text classification problems.

( Image credit: Text Classification Algorithms: A Survey )

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 701–750 of 3635 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype
Learning Using Generated Privileged Information by Text-to-Image Diffusion Models	Sep 26, 2023	ClassificationKnowledge Distillation	—Unverified	0
Exploring Small Language Models with Prompt-Learning Paradigm for Efficient Domain-Specific Text Classification	Sep 26, 2023	Prompt EngineeringPrompt Learning	—Unverified	0
Knowledgeable In-Context Tuning: Exploring and Exploiting Factual Knowledge for In-Context Learning	Sep 26, 2023	Few-Shot LearningIn-Context Learning	—Unverified	0
When Automated Assessment Meets Automated Content Generation: Examining Text Quality in the Era of GPTs	Sep 25, 2023	Information Retrievaltext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
A Text Classification-Based Approach for Evaluating and Enhancing the Machine Interpretability of Building Codes	Sep 24, 2023	Language Modellingtext-classification	CodeCode Available	1
Text Classification: A Perspective of Deep Learning Methods	Sep 24, 2023	ClassificationDeep Learning	—Unverified	0
Substituting Data Annotation with Balanced Updates and Collective Loss in Multi-label Text Classification	Sep 24, 2023	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	0
Towards LLM-guided Causal Explainability for Black-box Text Classifiers	Sep 23, 2023	counterfactualCounterfactual Explanation	—Unverified	0
BenLLMEval: A Comprehensive Evaluation into the Potentials and Pitfalls of Large Language Models on Bengali NLP	Sep 22, 2023	Abstractive Text SummarizationNatural Language Inference	—Unverified	0
AMPLIFY:Attention-based Mixup for Performance Improvement and Label Smoothing in Transformer	Sep 22, 2023	Data AugmentationSentence	CodeCode Available	0
Automating construction contract review using knowledge graph-enhanced large language models	Sep 21, 2023	Knowledge GraphsManagement	—Unverified	0
Prompt Tuned Embedding Classification for Multi-Label Industry Sector Allocation	Sep 21, 2023	BenchmarkingClassification	CodeCode Available	1
In-Context Learning for Text Classification with Many Labels	Sep 19, 2023	ClassificationIn-Context Learning	—Unverified	0
Semantic Text Compression for Classification	Sep 19, 2023	ClassificationDecoder	—Unverified	0
Mixed-Distil-BERT: Code-mixed Language Modeling for Bangla, English, and Hindi	Sep 19, 2023	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	—Unverified	0
Natural Language Embedded Programs for Hybrid Language Symbolic Reasoning	Sep 19, 2023	Instruction FollowingLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	1
Not Enough Labeled Data? Just Add Semantics: A Data-Efficient Method for Inferring Online Health Texts	Sep 18, 2023	Abstract Meaning RepresentationSentence	—Unverified	0
Fabricator: An Open Source Toolkit for Generating Labeled Training Data with Teacher LLMs	Sep 18, 2023	Dataset GenerationQuestion Answering	CodeCode Available	1
Large Language Models for Failure Mode Classification: An Investigation	Sep 15, 2023	ClassificationPrompt Engineering	CodeCode Available	1
Ambiguity-Aware In-Context Learning with Large Language Models	Sep 14, 2023	In-Context LearningSemantic Similarity	—Unverified	0
Generative AI Text Classification using Ensemble LLM Approaches	Sep 14, 2023	ClassificationLanguage Modelling	—Unverified	0
Text Classification of Cancer Clinical Trial Eligibility Criteria	Sep 14, 2023	ClassificationLanguage Modeling	—Unverified	0
CrisisTransformers: Pre-trained language models and sentence encoders for crisis-related social media texts	Sep 11, 2023	SentenceSentence Embeddings	—Unverified	0
Retrieval-Augmented Meta Learning for Low-Resource Text Classification	Sep 10, 2023	ClassificationMeta-Learning	—Unverified	0
Fuzzy Fingerprinting Transformer Language-Models for Emotion Recognition in Conversations	Sep 8, 2023	Emotion RecognitionEmotion Recognition in Conversation	—Unverified	0
NESTLE: a No-Code Tool for Statistical Analysis of Legal Corpus	Sep 8, 2023	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	0
USA: Universal Sentiment Analysis Model & Construction of Japanese Sentiment Text Classification and Part of Speech Dataset	Sep 7, 2023	ClassificationPOS	CodeCode Available	0
ViCGCN: Graph Convolutional Network with Contextualized Language Models for Social Media Mining in Vietnamese	Sep 6, 2023	Language Modellingtext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
Sample Size in Natural Language Processing within Healthcare Research	Sep 5, 2023	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
CRUISE-Screening: Living Literature Reviews Toolbox	Sep 4, 2023	Question Answeringtext-classification	CodeCode Available	1
Towards One-Shot Learning for Text Classification using Inductive Logic Programming	Aug 30, 2023	ClassificationCommon Sense Reasoning	CodeCode Available	0
SpikeBERT: A Language Spikformer Learned from BERT with Knowledge Distillation	Aug 29, 2023	Knowledge Distillationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	1
TransPrompt v2: A Transferable Prompting Framework for Cross-task Text Classification	Aug 29, 2023	Few-Shot LearningFew-Shot Text Classification	—Unverified	0
Fine-Tuning Llama 2 Large Language Models for Detecting Online Sexual Predatory Chats and Abusive Texts	Aug 28, 2023	Abusive LanguageFake News Detection	—Unverified	0
Breaking the Bank with ChatGPT: Few-Shot Text Classification for Finance	Aug 28, 2023	Contrastive LearningFew-Shot Text Classification	—Unverified	0
GRASP: A Rehearsal Policy for Efficient Online Continual Learning	Aug 25, 2023	class-incremental learningClass Incremental Learning	—Unverified	0
Compressor-Based Classification for Atrial Fibrillation Detection	Aug 25, 2023	Atrial Fibrillation DetectionAvg	—Unverified	0
MatchXML: An Efficient Text-label Matching Framework for Extreme Multi-label Text Classification	Aug 25, 2023	Multi Label Text ClassificationMulti-Label Text Classification	CodeCode Available	1
SEA: Shareable and Explainable Attribution for Query-based Black-box Attacks	Aug 23, 2023	Attributetext-classification	—Unverified	0
Uncertainty Estimation of Transformers' Predictions via Topological Analysis of the Attention Matrices	Aug 22, 2023	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
Feature Extraction Using Deep Generative Models for Bangla Text Classification on a New Comprehensive Dataset	Aug 21, 2023	Document ClassificationGenerative Adversarial Network	—Unverified	0
Optimizing Multi-Class Text Classification: A Diverse Stacking Ensemble Framework Utilizing Transformers	Aug 19, 2023	ClassificationMulti Class Text Classification	—Unverified	0
Open, Closed, or Small Language Models for Text Classification?	Aug 19, 2023	ClassificationMisinformation	—Unverified	0
Differentiable Retrieval Augmentation via Generative Language Modeling for E-commerce Query Intent Classification	Aug 18, 2023	intent-classificationIntent Classification	—Unverified	0
Accelerated materials language processing enabled by GPT	Aug 18, 2023	Document ClassificationExtractive Question-Answering	—Unverified	0
Comparison between parameter-efficient techniques and full fine-tuning: A case study on multilingual news article classification	Aug 14, 2023	ClassificationMultilingual text classification	CodeCode Available	0
Approximating Human-Like Few-shot Learning with GPT-based Compression	Aug 14, 2023	Data CompressionFew-Shot Learning	—Unverified	0
Large Language Models to Identify Social Determinants of Health in Electronic Health Records	Aug 11, 2023	Adversarial RobustnessEthics	CodeCode Available	1
Identification of the Relevance of Comments in Codes Using Bag of Words and Transformer Based Models	Aug 11, 2023	Binary text classificationFeature Engineering	CodeCode Available	0
Weakly Supervised Text Classification on Free Text Comments in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures	Aug 11, 2023	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0

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All datasets MTEB AG News DBpedia R8 TREC-6 20NEWS UK Key Stage Readability Ohsumed Yahoo! Answers MR Climabench NewsDiscourse

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ST5-XXL	Accuracy	73.42	—	Unverified
2	ST5-XL	Accuracy	72.84	—	Unverified
3	ST5-Large	Accuracy	72.31	—	Unverified
4	Ada Similarity	Accuracy	70.44	—	Unverified
5	SGPT-5.8B-nli	Accuracy	70.14	—	Unverified
6	ST5-Base	Accuracy	69.81	—	Unverified
7	SGPT-5.8B-msmarco	Accuracy	68.13	—	Unverified
8	MPNet-multilingual	Accuracy	67.91	—	Unverified
9	GTR-XXL	Accuracy	67.41	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-BERT-sup	Accuracy	67.32	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mistral-Small-24B + CAPO	Error	15.7	—	Unverified
2	ToWE-SG	Error	14	—	Unverified
3	Qwen2.5-32B + CAPO	Error	12.93	—	Unverified
4	Llama-3.3-70B + CAPO	Error	11.2	—	Unverified
5	Seq2CNN with GWS(50)	Error	9.64	—	Unverified
6	Char-level CNN	Error	9.51	—	Unverified
7	SVDCNN	Error	9.45	—	Unverified
8	VDCN	Error	8.67	—	Unverified
9	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	7.9	—	Unverified
10	CCCapsNet	Error	7.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Seq2CNN(50)	Error	2.77	—	Unverified
2	Char-level CNN	Error	1.55	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-concat	Error	1.43	—	Unverified
4	FastText	Error	1.4	—	Unverified
5	VDCN	Error	1.29	—	Unverified
6	CCCapsNet	Error	1.28	—	Unverified
7	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	1.2	—	Unverified
8	BERT large UDA	Error	1.09	—	Unverified
9	M-ACNN	Error	1.07	—	Unverified
10	EXAM	Error	1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	98.45	—	Unverified
2	C-BERT (ESGNN + BERT)	Accuracy	98.28	—	Unverified
3	ESGNN	Accuracy	98.23	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	98.2	—	Unverified
5	BERT	Accuracy	98.17	—	Unverified
6	SGNN	Accuracy	98.09	—	Unverified
7	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	98.04	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	97.98	—	Unverified
9	Our Model*	Accuracy	97.8	—	Unverified
10	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	97.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TM-Glove	Error	9.96	—	Unverified
2	byte mLSTM7	Error	9.6	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-aver	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
4	DELTA (CNN)	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
5	Capsule-B	Error	7.2	—	Unverified
6	STM+TSED+PT+2L	Error	7.04	—	Unverified
7	GRU-RNN-GLOVE	Error	7	—	Unverified
8	MPAD-path	Error	6.2	—	Unverified
9	VLAWE	Error	5.8	—	Unverified
10	C-LSTM	Error	5.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LinearSVM+TFIDF	Accuracy	93	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.5	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	88.6	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
6	RMDL (15 RDLs)	Accuracy	87.91	—	Unverified
7	Sparse Tensor Classifier	Accuracy	87.3	—	Unverified
8	GraphStar	Accuracy	86.9	—	Unverified
9	NABoE-full	Accuracy	86.8	—	Unverified
10	Text GCN	Accuracy	86.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ELECTRA + ANN	F1	99.6	—	Unverified
2	ERNIE + ANN	F1	99.4	—	Unverified
3	XLNet + ANN	F1	99.2	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa + ANN	F1	98.7	—	Unverified
5	Longformer + ANN	F1	93.9	—	Unverified
6	BERT + ANN	F1	90.5	—	Unverified
7	ALBERT + ANN	F1	79.7	—	Unverified
8	BERT	F1	75	—	Unverified
9	DistilBERT	F1	74.4	—	Unverified
10	XLNet	F1	74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	72.8	—	Unverified
2	Our Model*	Accuracy	69.4	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
6	Text GCN	Accuracy	68.36	—	Unverified
7	GraphStar	Accuracy	64.2	—	Unverified
8	ApproxRepSet	Accuracy	64.06	—	Unverified
9	REL-RWMD k-NN	Accuracy	58.74	—	Unverified
10	CNN+Lowercased	Accuracy	36.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-ITPT-FiT	Accuracy	77.62	—	Unverified
2	DRNN	Accuracy	76.26	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (HAN)	Accuracy	75.1	—	Unverified
4	EXAM	Accuracy	74.8	—	Unverified
5	DNC+CUW	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
6	ULMFiT (Small data)	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
7	CCCapsNet	Accuracy	73.85	—	Unverified
8	SWEM-concat	Accuracy	73.53	—	Unverified
9	FastText	Accuracy	72.3	—	Unverified
10	Seq2CNN(50)	Accuracy	55.39	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	90.21	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.7	—	Unverified
3	ERNIE 2.0 (optimized)	Accuracy	89.53	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa	Accuracy	89.42	—	Unverified
5	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	88.97	—	Unverified
6	BERT	Accuracy	86.94	—	Unverified
7	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	86.02	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	85.31	—	Unverified
9	SSGC	Accuracy	76.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CliReBERT (P0L3/clirebert_clirevocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.65	—	Unverified
2	ClimateBERT (climatebert/distilroberta-base-climate-f)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.64	—	Unverified
3	BERT (google-bert/bert-base-uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
4	CliSciBERT (P0L3/cliscibert_scivocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
5	SciBERT (allenai/scibert_scivocab_cased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.59	—	Unverified
6	DistilRoBERTa (distilbert/distilroberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
7	SciClimateBERT (P0L3/sciclimatebert)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
8	RoBERTa (FacebookAI/roberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.57	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Human (Post-Rec.) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	73.69	—	Unverified
2	MT-Mac (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	63.46	—	Unverified
3	MT-Mic (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	61.89	—	Unverified
4	RL-IP/TT (Choubey et al., 2021)	macro F1	57	—	Unverified
5	Document LSTM + Document encoding (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	54.4	—	Unverified
6	CRF Fine-grained (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	52.9	—	Unverified
7	Human (Blind) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	46.18	—	Unverified
8	Feature-based (SVM) (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	38.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	1-6 BertGCN	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	GraphStar	Accuracy	95	—	Unverified
3	Our Model*	Accuracy	94.6	—	Unverified
4	SSGC	Accuracy	94.5	—	Unverified
5	SGC	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
6	SGCN	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
7	Text GCN	Accuracy	93.56	—	Unverified
8	TM-Glove	Accuracy	89.14	—	Unverified