Text Classification

Text Classification is the task of assigning a sentence or document an appropriate category. The categories depend on the chosen dataset and can range from topics.

Text Classification problems include emotion classification, news classification, citation intent classification, among others. Benchmark datasets for evaluating text classification capabilities include GLUE, AGNews, among others.

In recent years, deep learning techniques like XLNet and RoBERTa have attained some of the biggest performance jumps for text classification problems.

( Image credit: Text Classification Algorithms: A Survey )

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 501–550 of 3635 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype
Remove that Square Root: A New Efficient Scale-Invariant Version of AdaGrad	Mar 5, 2024	image-classificationImage Classification	CodeCode Available	0
RulePrompt: Weakly Supervised Text Classification with Prompting PLMs and Self-Iterative Logical Rules	Mar 5, 2024	Pseudo Labeltext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
CODE-ACCORD: A Corpus of Building Regulatory Data for Rule Generation towards Automatic Compliance Checking	Mar 4, 2024	Relation ExtractionSentence	CodeCode Available	1
RIFF: Learning to Rephrase Inputs for Few-shot Fine-tuning of Language Models	Mar 4, 2024	Few-Shot Text Classificationparameter-efficient fine-tuning	CodeCode Available	0
KeNet:Knowledge-enhanced Doc-Label Attention Network for Multi-label text classification	Mar 4, 2024	Information RetrievalMulti Label Text Classification	—Unverified	0
When SMILES have Language: Drug Classification using Text Classification Methods on Drug SMILES Strings	Mar 3, 2024	ClassificationSentence	CodeCode Available	0
Multi-level Product Category Prediction through Text Classification	Mar 3, 2024	ClassificationData Augmentation	CodeCode Available	0
Margin Discrepancy-based Adversarial Training for Multi-Domain Text Classification	Mar 1, 2024	Domain Adaptationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Zero-Shot Topic Classification of Column Headers: Leveraging LLMs for Metadata Enrichment	Mar 1, 2024	Retrievaltext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
TELEClass: Taxonomy Enrichment and LLM-Enhanced Hierarchical Text Classification with Minimal Supervision	Feb 29, 2024	Classificationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Utilizing Local Hierarchy with Adversarial Training for Hierarchical Text Classification	Feb 29, 2024	AllMulti-Label Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Comparing effectiveness of regularization methods on text classification: Simple and complex model in data shortage situation	Feb 27, 2024	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
Predict the Next Word: Humans exhibit uncertainty in this task and language models _____	Feb 27, 2024	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	0
LLM-based Privacy Data Augmentation Guided by Knowledge Distillation with a Distribution Tutor for Medical Text Classification	Feb 26, 2024	Data AugmentationKnowledge Distillation	—Unverified	0
Towards Efficient Active Learning in NLP via Pretrained Representations	Feb 23, 2024	Active Learningtext-classification	—Unverified	0
FAIR: Filtering of Automatically Induced Rules	Feb 23, 2024	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
On Evaluation Protocols for Data Augmentation in a Limited Data Scenario	Feb 22, 2024	Data Augmentationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
Beyond Simple Averaging: Improving NLP Ensemble Performance with Topological-Data-Analysis-Based Weighting	Feb 22, 2024	Diversitytext-classification	—Unverified	0
Effects of term weighting approach with and without stop words removing on Arabic text classification	Feb 21, 2024	ClassificationText Categorization	—Unverified	0
STENCIL: Submodular Mutual Information Based Weak Supervision for Cold-Start Active Learning	Feb 21, 2024	Active Learningtext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
AlgoFormer: An Efficient Transformer Framework with Algorithmic Structures	Feb 21, 2024	Machine Translationtext-classification	—Unverified	0
KInIT at SemEval-2024 Task 8: Fine-tuned LLMs for Multilingual Machine-Generated Text Detection	Feb 21, 2024	Language Identificationparameter-efficient fine-tuning	CodeCode Available	1
An Explainable Transformer-based Model for Phishing Email Detection: A Large Language Model Approach	Feb 21, 2024	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	—Unverified	0
Comparing Specialised Small and General Large Language Models on Text Classification: 100 Labelled Samples to Achieve Break-Even Performance	Feb 20, 2024	In-Context LearningLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	0
On Sensitivity of Learning with Limited Labelled Data to the Effects of Randomness: Impact of Interactions and Systematic Choices	Feb 20, 2024	In-Context LearningMeta-Learning	CodeCode Available	0
PANDA: Preference Adaptation for Enhancing Domain-Specific Abilities of LLMs	Feb 20, 2024	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Defending Against Weight-Poisoning Backdoor Attacks for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning	Feb 19, 2024	Backdoor Attackparameter-efficient fine-tuning	—Unverified	0
Why Lift so Heavy? Slimming Large Language Models by Cutting Off the Layers	Feb 18, 2024	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
In-Context Example Ordering Guided by Label Distributions	Feb 18, 2024	In-Context Learningtext-classification	—Unverified	0
GNNavi: Navigating the Information Flow in Large Language Models by Graph Neural Network	Feb 18, 2024	Graph Neural NetworkIn-Context Learning	CodeCode Available	0
Balancing the Causal Effects in Class-Incremental Learning	Feb 15, 2024	class-incremental learningClass Incremental Learning	—Unverified	0
Instruction Backdoor Attacks Against Customized LLMs	Feb 14, 2024	Language ModellingLarge Language Model	CodeCode Available	1
Improving Black-box Robustness with In-Context Rewriting	Feb 13, 2024	News Classificationtext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
Pushing The Limit of LLM Capacity for Text Classification	Feb 12, 2024	ClassificationLanguage Modeling	—Unverified	0
Accuracy of TextFooler black box adversarial attacks on 01 loss sign activation neural network ensemble	Feb 12, 2024	Adversarial AttackClassification	CodeCode Available	0
CPSDBench: A Large Language Model Evaluation Benchmark and Baseline for Chinese Public Security Domain	Feb 11, 2024	Language Model EvaluationLanguage Modeling	—Unverified	0
Arabic Synonym BERT-based Adversarial Examples for Text Classification	Feb 5, 2024	Adversarial TextLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	0
EEVEE: An Easy Annotation Tool for Natural Language Processing	Feb 5, 2024	text-classificationText Classification	—Unverified	0
Putting Context in Context: the Impact of Discussion Structure on Text Classification	Feb 5, 2024	Stance Detectiontext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
A Survey of Large Language Models in Finance (FinLLMs)	Feb 4, 2024	Named Entity Recognition (NER)Question Answering	CodeCode Available	3
Data Quality Matters: Suicide Intention Detection on Social Media Posts Using RoBERTa-CNN	Feb 3, 2024	Depression DetectionSentiment Analysis	—Unverified	0
HQA-Attack: Toward High Quality Black-Box Hard-Label Adversarial Attack on Text	Feb 2, 2024	Adversarial AttackHard-label Attack	CodeCode Available	0
An Information-Theoretic Approach to Analyze NLP Classification Tasks	Feb 1, 2024	Multiple-choiceReading Comprehension	CodeCode Available	0
Learning Label Hierarchy with Supervised Contrastive Learning	Jan 31, 2024	Contrastive Learningtext-classification	CodeCode Available	0
Identifying False Content and Hate Speech in Sinhala YouTube Videos by Analyzing the Audio	Jan 30, 2024	Hate Speech DetectionMisinformation	—Unverified	0
Fine-tuning Transformer-based Encoder for Turkish Language Understanding Tasks	Jan 30, 2024	named-entity-recognitionNamed Entity Recognition	—Unverified	0
Breaking Free Transformer Models: Task-specific Context Attribution Promises Improved Generalizability Without Fine-tuning Pre-trained LLMs	Jan 30, 2024	Sentiment AnalysisSentiment Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Single Word Change is All You Need: Designing Attacks and Defenses for Text Classifiers	Jan 30, 2024	AllData Augmentation	—Unverified	0
Contrastive Learning and Mixture of Experts Enables Precise Vector Embeddings	Jan 28, 2024	Contrastive LearningDescriptive	CodeCode Available	1
APT-Pipe: A Prompt-Tuning Tool for Social Data Annotation using ChatGPT	Jan 24, 2024	text-classificationText Classification	CodeCode Available	0

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All datasets MTEB AG News DBpedia R8 TREC-6 20NEWS UK Key Stage Readability Ohsumed Yahoo! Answers MR Climabench NewsDiscourse

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ST5-XXL	Accuracy	73.42	—	Unverified
2	ST5-XL	Accuracy	72.84	—	Unverified
3	ST5-Large	Accuracy	72.31	—	Unverified
4	Ada Similarity	Accuracy	70.44	—	Unverified
5	SGPT-5.8B-nli	Accuracy	70.14	—	Unverified
6	ST5-Base	Accuracy	69.81	—	Unverified
7	SGPT-5.8B-msmarco	Accuracy	68.13	—	Unverified
8	MPNet-multilingual	Accuracy	67.91	—	Unverified
9	GTR-XXL	Accuracy	67.41	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-BERT-sup	Accuracy	67.32	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mistral-Small-24B + CAPO	Error	15.7	—	Unverified
2	ToWE-SG	Error	14	—	Unverified
3	Qwen2.5-32B + CAPO	Error	12.93	—	Unverified
4	Llama-3.3-70B + CAPO	Error	11.2	—	Unverified
5	Seq2CNN with GWS(50)	Error	9.64	—	Unverified
6	Char-level CNN	Error	9.51	—	Unverified
7	SVDCNN	Error	9.45	—	Unverified
8	VDCN	Error	8.67	—	Unverified
9	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	7.9	—	Unverified
10	CCCapsNet	Error	7.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Seq2CNN(50)	Error	2.77	—	Unverified
2	Char-level CNN	Error	1.55	—	Unverified
3	SWEM-concat	Error	1.43	—	Unverified
4	FastText	Error	1.4	—	Unverified
5	VDCN	Error	1.29	—	Unverified
6	CCCapsNet	Error	1.28	—	Unverified
7	Balanced+bi-leaf-RNN	Error	1.2	—	Unverified
8	BERT large UDA	Error	1.09	—	Unverified
9	M-ACNN	Error	1.07	—	Unverified
10	EXAM	Error	1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	98.45	—	Unverified
2	C-BERT (ESGNN + BERT)	Accuracy	98.28	—	Unverified
3	ESGNN	Accuracy	98.23	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	98.2	—	Unverified
5	BERT	Accuracy	98.17	—	Unverified
6	SGNN	Accuracy	98.09	—	Unverified
7	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	98.04	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	97.98	—	Unverified
9	Our Model*	Accuracy	97.8	—	Unverified
10	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	97.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TM-Glove	Error	9.96	—	Unverified
2	byte mLSTM7	Error	9.6	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (CNN)	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
4	SWEM-aver	Error	7.8	—	Unverified
5	Capsule-B	Error	7.2	—	Unverified
6	STM+TSED+PT+2L	Error	7.04	—	Unverified
7	GRU-RNN-GLOVE	Error	7	—	Unverified
8	MPAD-path	Error	6.2	—	Unverified
9	VLAWE	Error	5.8	—	Unverified
10	C-LSTM	Error	5.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LinearSVM+TFIDF	Accuracy	93	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.5	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	88.6	—	Unverified
4	SGC	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
5	SGCN	Accuracy	88.5	—	Unverified
6	RMDL (15 RDLs)	Accuracy	87.91	—	Unverified
7	Sparse Tensor Classifier	Accuracy	87.3	—	Unverified
8	GraphStar	Accuracy	86.9	—	Unverified
9	NABoE-full	Accuracy	86.8	—	Unverified
10	Text GCN	Accuracy	86.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ELECTRA + ANN	F1	99.6	—	Unverified
2	ERNIE + ANN	F1	99.4	—	Unverified
3	XLNet + ANN	F1	99.2	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa + ANN	F1	98.7	—	Unverified
5	Longformer + ANN	F1	93.9	—	Unverified
6	BERT + ANN	F1	90.5	—	Unverified
7	ALBERT + ANN	F1	79.7	—	Unverified
8	BERT	F1	75	—	Unverified
9	DistilBERT	F1	74.4	—	Unverified
10	Longformer	F1	74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	72.8	—	Unverified
2	Our Model*	Accuracy	69.4	—	Unverified
3	SSGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
4	SGCN	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
5	SGC	Accuracy	68.5	—	Unverified
6	Text GCN	Accuracy	68.36	—	Unverified
7	GraphStar	Accuracy	64.2	—	Unverified
8	ApproxRepSet	Accuracy	64.06	—	Unverified
9	REL-RWMD k-NN	Accuracy	58.74	—	Unverified
10	CNN+Lowercased	Accuracy	36.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-ITPT-FiT	Accuracy	77.62	—	Unverified
2	DRNN	Accuracy	76.26	—	Unverified
3	DELTA (HAN)	Accuracy	75.1	—	Unverified
4	EXAM	Accuracy	74.8	—	Unverified
5	DNC+CUW	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
6	ULMFiT (Small data)	Accuracy	74.3	—	Unverified
7	CCCapsNet	Accuracy	73.85	—	Unverified
8	SWEM-concat	Accuracy	73.53	—	Unverified
9	FastText	Accuracy	72.3	—	Unverified
10	Seq2CNN(50)	Accuracy	55.39	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DeBERTa	Accuracy	90.21	—	Unverified
2	RoBERTaGCN	Accuracy	89.7	—	Unverified
3	ERNIE 2.0 (optimized)	Accuracy	89.53	—	Unverified
4	RoBERTa	Accuracy	89.42	—	Unverified
5	ERNIE 2.0	Accuracy	88.97	—	Unverified
6	BERT	Accuracy	86.94	—	Unverified
7	ALBERTv2	Accuracy	86.02	—	Unverified
8	DistilBERT	Accuracy	85.31	—	Unverified
9	SSGC	Accuracy	76.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CliReBERT (P0L3/clirebert_clirevocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.65	—	Unverified
2	ClimateBERT (climatebert/distilroberta-base-climate-f)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.64	—	Unverified
3	BERT (google-bert/bert-base-uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
4	CliSciBERT (P0L3/cliscibert_scivocab_uncased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.61	—	Unverified
5	SciBERT (allenai/scibert_scivocab_cased)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.59	—	Unverified
6	DistilRoBERTa (distilbert/distilroberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
7	SciClimateBERT (P0L3/sciclimatebert)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.58	—	Unverified
8	RoBERTa (FacebookAI/roberta-base)	Evaluation Macro F1	0.57	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Human (Post-Rec.) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	73.69	—	Unverified
2	MT-Mac (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	63.46	—	Unverified
3	MT-Mic (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	61.89	—	Unverified
4	RL-IP/TT (Choubey et al., 2021)	macro F1	57	—	Unverified
5	Document LSTM + Document encoding (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	54.4	—	Unverified
6	CRF Fine-grained (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	52.9	—	Unverified
7	Human (Blind) (Spangher et al., 2021)	macro F1	46.18	—	Unverified
8	Feature-based (SVM) (Choubey et al., 2020)	macro F1	38.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	1-6 BertGCN	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	GraphStar	Accuracy	95	—	Unverified
3	Our Model*	Accuracy	94.6	—	Unverified
4	SSGC	Accuracy	94.5	—	Unverified
5	SGC	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
6	SGCN	Accuracy	94	—	Unverified
7	Text GCN	Accuracy	93.56	—	Unverified
8	TM-Glove	Accuracy	89.14	—	Unverified