Image Clustering

Models that partition the dataset into semantically meaningful clusters without having access to the ground truth labels.

Image credit: ImageNet clustering results of SCAN: Learning to Classify Images without Labels (ECCV 2020)

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 176–200 of 236 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status
StampNet: unsupervised multi-class object discovery	Feb 7, 2019	ClusteringImage Clustering	CodeCode Available
N2D: (Not Too) Deep Clustering via Clustering the Local Manifold of an Autoencoded Embedding	Aug 16, 2019	ClusteringDeep Clustering	CodeCode Available
IPCL: Iterative Pseudo-Supervised Contrastive Learning to Improve Self-Supervised Feature Representation	Mar 18, 2024	Contrastive LearningData Augmentation	CodeCode Available
Unsupervised Diffusion and Volume Maximization-Based Clustering of Hyperspectral Images	Mar 18, 2022	ClusteringImage Clustering	CodeCode Available
I Spy With My Little Eye: A Minimum Cost Multicut Investigation of Dataset Frames	Dec 2, 2024	ClusteringImage Clustering	CodeCode Available
Discriminatively Boosted Image Clustering with Fully Convolutional Auto-Encoders	Mar 23, 2017	ClusteringImage Clustering	CodeCode Available
Structural-Spectral Graph Convolution with Evidential Edge Learning for Hyperspectral Image Clustering	Jun 11, 2025	ClusteringContrastive Learning	CodeCode Available
Deep Clustering via Joint Convolutional Autoencoder Embedding and Relative Entropy Minimization	Apr 20, 2017	ClusteringDeep Clustering	CodeCode Available
Doubly Stochastic Subspace Clustering	Nov 30, 2020	ClusteringImage Clustering	CodeCode Available
Spectral image clustering on dual-energy CT scans using functional regression mixtures	Jan 31, 2022	ClusteringImage Clustering	CodeCode Available
Dual Advancement of Representation Learning and Clustering for Sparse and Noisy Images	Sep 3, 2024	ClusteringContrastive Learning	CodeCode Available
Dual-Level Cross-Modal Contrastive Clustering	Sep 6, 2024	ClusteringContrastive Learning	CodeCode Available
Dynamic Graph-Based Label Propagation for Density Peaks Clustering	Jan 1, 2019	ClusteringImage Clustering	CodeCode Available
Efficient Deep Clustering of Human Activities and How to Improve Evaluation	Sep 17, 2022	ClusteringDeep Clustering	CodeCode Available
A Simple Approach to Automated Spectral Clustering	Jul 23, 2021	Bayesian OptimizationClustering	CodeCode Available
Joint Unsupervised Learning of Deep Representations and Image Clusters	Apr 13, 2016	ClusteringImage Clustering	CodeCode Available
Deep Clustering via Probabilistic Ratio-Cut Optimization	Feb 1, 2025	ClusteringDeep Clustering	CodeCode Available
Deep Clustering with a Dynamic Autoencoder: From Reconstruction towards Centroids Construction	Jan 23, 2019	ClusteringDeep Clustering	CodeCode Available
Subspace Co-clustering with Two-Way Graph Convolution	Feb 1, 2022	ClusteringImage Clustering	CodeCode Available
Large-Scale Hyperspectral Image Clustering Using Contrastive Learning	Nov 15, 2021	ClusteringContrastive Learning	CodeCode Available
Feature-Based Image Clustering and Segmentation Using Wavelets	Jul 5, 2019	ClusteringDenoising	CodeCode Available
Deep Colorization	Apr 30, 2016	ClusteringColorization	CodeCode Available
Deep Comprehensive Correlation Mining for Image Clustering	Apr 15, 2019	ClusteringDeep Clustering	CodeCode Available
FineGAN: Unsupervised Hierarchical Disentanglement for Fine-Grained Object Generation and Discovery	Nov 27, 2018	Conditional Image GenerationDisentanglement	CodeCode Available
Decipherment of Historical Manuscript Images	Oct 9, 2018	ClusteringDecipherment	CodeCode Available

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All datasets CIFAR-10 CIFAR-100 STL-10 Imagenet-dog-15 ImageNet-10 MNIST-full USPS Tiny ImageNet Fashion-MNIST ImageNet MNIST-test coil-100

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TURTLE (CLIP + DINOv2)	Accuracy	1	—	Unverified
2	PRCut (CLIP)	Accuracy	0.98	—	Unverified
3	PRO-DSC	Accuracy	0.97	—	Unverified
4	TEMI CLIP ViT-L (openai)	Accuracy	0.97	—	Unverified
5	DPAC	Accuracy	0.93	—	Unverified
6	SPICE-BPA	Accuracy	0.93	—	Unverified
7	SeCu	Accuracy	0.93	—	Unverified
8	TAC	Accuracy	0.92	—	Unverified
9	SPICE*	Accuracy	0.92	—	Unverified
10	DCN+BRB	Accuracy	0.91	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TURTLE (CLIP + DINOv2)	Accuracy	0.9	—	Unverified
2	PRCut (DinoV2)	Accuracy	0.79	—	Unverified
3	PRO-DSC	Accuracy	0.77	—	Unverified
4	TEMI CLIP ViT-L (openai)	Accuracy	0.74	—	Unverified
5	TEMI DINO ViT-B	Accuracy	0.67	—	Unverified
6	ITAE	Accuracy	0.65	—	Unverified
7	SPICE*	Accuracy	0.58	—	Unverified
8	DPAC	Accuracy	0.56	—	Unverified
9	HUME	Accuracy	0.56	—	Unverified
10	SPICE-BPA	Accuracy	0.55	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TURTLE (CLIP + DINOv2)	Accuracy	1	—	Unverified
2	TEMI DINO ViT-B	Accuracy	0.99	—	Unverified
3	TAC	Accuracy	0.98	—	Unverified
4	SPICE-BPA	Accuracy	0.94	—	Unverified
5	DPAC	Accuracy	0.93	—	Unverified
6	SPICE*	Accuracy	0.93	—	Unverified
7	HUME	Accuracy	0.91	—	Unverified
8	TCL	Accuracy	0.87	—	Unverified
9	RUC	Accuracy	0.87	—	Unverified
10	IMC-SwAV (Best)	Accuracy	0.85	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MAE-CT (best)	Accuracy	0.94	—	Unverified
2	MAE-CT (mean)	Accuracy	0.87	—	Unverified
3	PRO-DSC	Accuracy	0.84	—	Unverified
4	ProPos*	Accuracy	0.78	—	Unverified
5	ProPos	Accuracy	0.75	—	Unverified
6	DPAC	Accuracy	0.73	—	Unverified
7	ConCURL	Accuracy	0.7	—	Unverified
8	SPICE	Accuracy	0.68	—	Unverified
9	TCL	Accuracy	0.64	—	Unverified
10	IDFD	Accuracy	0.59	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TAC	NMI	0.99	—	Unverified
2	SPICE	NMI	0.93	—	Unverified
3	DPAC	NMI	0.93	—	Unverified
4	ProPos*	NMI	0.91	—	Unverified
5	ConCURL	NMI	0.91	—	Unverified
6	CoHiClust	NMI	0.91	—	Unverified
7	C3	NMI	0.91	—	Unverified
8	IDFD	NMI	0.9	—	Unverified
9	ProPos	NMI	0.9	—	Unverified
10	TCL	NMI	0.88	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	SPC	NMI	0.98	—	Unverified
2	ADEC	NMI	0.97	—	Unverified
3	N2D (UMAP)	NMI	0.96	—	Unverified
4	DynAE	NMI	0.96	—	Unverified
5	DDC-DA	NMI	0.96	—	Unverified
6	DEN	NMI	0.96	—	Unverified
7	DTI-Clustering	NMI	0.94	—	Unverified
8	EnSC	NMI	0.94	—	Unverified
9	ClusterGAN	NMI	0.94	—	Unverified
10	DBC	NMI	0.94	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	SPC	NMI	0.95	—	Unverified
2	DynAE	NMI	0.95	—	Unverified
3	DEN	NMI	0.94	—	Unverified
4	DDC-DA	NMI	0.94	—	Unverified
5	SR-K-means	NMI	0.94	—	Unverified
6	ClusterGAN	NMI	0.93	—	Unverified
7	DMSC	NMI	0.93	—	Unverified
8	DDC	NMI	0.92	—	Unverified
9	JULE-RC	NMI	0.91	—	Unverified
10	N2D (UMAP)	NMI	0.9	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	PRO-DSC	Accuracy	0.7	—	Unverified
2	ITAE	Accuracy	0.68	—	Unverified
3	SPICE	Accuracy	0.31	—	Unverified
4	IMC-SwAV (Best)	Accuracy	0.28	—	Unverified
5	IMC-SwAV (Avg+-)	Accuracy	0.28	—	Unverified
6	C3	Accuracy	0.14	—	Unverified
7	CC	Accuracy	0.14	—	Unverified
8	MMDC	Accuracy	0.12	—	Unverified
9	DCCM	Accuracy	0.11	—	Unverified
10	DAC	Accuracy	0.07	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	PRCut (DinoV2)	Accuracy	0.79	—	Unverified
2	VMM	Accuracy	0.72	—	Unverified
3	SPC	Accuracy	0.68	—	Unverified
4	N2D (UMAP)	Accuracy	0.67	—	Unverified
5	CoHiClust	Accuracy	0.65	—	Unverified
6	DEN	Accuracy	0.64	—	Unverified
7	PSSC	Accuracy	0.63	—	Unverified
8	GDL	Accuracy	0.63	—	Unverified
9	DDC	Accuracy	0.62	—	Unverified
10	DTI-Clustering	Accuracy	0.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TURTLE (CLIP + DINOv2)	Accuracy	72.9	—	Unverified
2	MIM-Refiner (D2V2-ViT-H/14)	Accuracy	67.3	—	Unverified
3	SeLa	NMI	66.4	—	Unverified
4	PRO-DSC	Accuracy	65	—	Unverified
5	MIM-Refiner (MAE-ViT-H/14)	Accuracy	64.6	—	Unverified