Hate Speech Detection

Hate speech detection is the task of detecting if communication such as text, audio, and so on contains hatred and or encourages violence towards a person or a group of people. This is usually based on prejudice against 'protected characteristics' such as their ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, age et al. Some example benchmarks are ETHOS and HateXplain. Models can be evaluated with metrics like the F-score or F-measure.

Papers

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Showing 151–175 of 507 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status
A Comprehensive Study on NLP Data Augmentation for Hate Speech Detection: Legacy Methods, BERT, and LLMs	Mar 30, 2024	Data AugmentationHate Speech Detection	—Unverified
Improving Adversarial Data Collection by Supporting Annotators: Lessons from GAHD, a German Hate Speech Dataset	Mar 28, 2024	Hate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
NaijaHate: Evaluating Hate Speech Detection on Nigerian Twitter Using Representative Data	Mar 28, 2024	Hate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Towards Interpretable Hate Speech Detection using Large Language Model-extracted Rationales	Mar 19, 2024	Hate Speech DetectionLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available
Exploring Tokenization Strategies and Vocabulary Sizes for Enhanced Arabic Language Models	Mar 17, 2024	Computational EfficiencyHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Combat Online Hate: Exploring the Challenges and Opportunities of Large Language Models in Hate Speech Detection	Mar 12, 2024	Hate Speech DetectionSentiment Analysis	—Unverified
Leveraging Weakly Annotated Data for Hate Speech Detection in Code-Mixed Hinglish: A Feasibility-Driven Transfer Learning Approach with Large Language Models	Mar 4, 2024	Few-Shot LearningHate Speech Detection	—Unverified
Subjective Isms? On the Danger of Conflating Hate and Offence in Abusive Language Detection	Mar 4, 2024	Abusive LanguageHate Speech Detection	—Unverified
Z-AGI Labs at ClimateActivism 2024: Stance and Hate Event Detection on Social Media	Feb 26, 2024	Event DetectionHate Speech Detection	—Unverified
GPT-HateCheck: Can LLMs Write Better Functional Tests for Hate Speech Detection?	Feb 23, 2024	DiagnosticHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
MM-Soc: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models in Social Media Platforms	Feb 21, 2024	BenchmarkingHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Don't Go To Extremes: Revealing the Excessive Sensitivity and Calibration Limitations of LLMs in Implicit Hate Speech Detection	Feb 18, 2024	FairnessHate Speech Detection	—Unverified
Whose Emotions and Moral Sentiments Do Language Models Reflect?	Feb 16, 2024	Hate Speech Detection	—Unverified
Exploring the Adversarial Capabilities of Large Language Models	Feb 14, 2024	Hate Speech DetectionText Generation	—Unverified
Probing Critical Learning Dynamics of PLMs for Hate Speech Detection	Feb 3, 2024	BenchmarkingHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Identifying False Content and Hate Speech in Sinhala YouTube Videos by Analyzing the Audio	Jan 30, 2024	Hate Speech DetectionMisinformation	—Unverified
Attentive Fusion: A Transformer-based Approach to Multimodal Hate Speech Detection	Jan 19, 2024	Hate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Analysis and Detection of Multilingual Hate Speech Using Transformer Based Deep Learning	Jan 19, 2024	Hate Speech Detection	—Unverified
Multilingual acoustic word embeddings for zero-resource languages	Jan 19, 2024	Hate Speech DetectionKeyword Spotting	—Unverified
MetaHate: A Dataset for Unifying Efforts on Hate Speech Detection	Jan 12, 2024	Hate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
An Investigation of Large Language Models for Real-World Hate Speech Detection	Jan 7, 2024	Hate Speech Detection	—Unverified
TuPy-E: detecting hate speech in Brazilian Portuguese social media with a novel dataset and comprehensive analysis of models	Dec 29, 2023	Hate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
HCDIR: End-to-end Hate Context Detection, and Intensity Reduction model for online comments	Dec 20, 2023	Hate Speech DetectionLanguage Modeling	—Unverified
Hate Speech and Offensive Content Detection in Indo-Aryan Languages: A Battle of LSTM and Transformers	Dec 9, 2023	Hate Speech DetectionModel Selection	—Unverified
Improving Cross-Domain Hate Speech Generalizability with Emotion Knowledge	Nov 24, 2023	Hate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available

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All datasets Ethos Binary HateXplain Ethos MultiLabel Waseem et al., 2018 AbusEval Automatic Misogynistic Identification HateMM HatEval OffensEval 2019 ToLD-Br bajer_danish_misogyny DKhate

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BiLSTM + static BE	F1-score	0.8	—	Unverified
2	BERT	F1-score	0.79	—	Unverified
3	BiLSTM+Attention+FT	F1-score	0.77	—	Unverified
4	OPT-175B (few-shot)	F1-score	0.76	—	Unverified
5	CNN+Attention+FT+GV	F1-score	0.74	—	Unverified
6	OPT-175B (one-shot)	F1-score	0.71	—	Unverified
7	OPT-175B (zero-shot)	F1-score	0.67	—	Unverified
8	SVM	F1-score	0.66	—	Unverified
9	Random Forests	F1-score	0.64	—	Unverified
10	Davinci (zero-shot)	F1-score	0.63	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-MRP	AUROC	0.86	—	Unverified
2	BERT-RP	AUROC	0.85	—	Unverified
3	BERT-HateXplain [LIME]	AUROC	0.85	—	Unverified
4	BERT-HateXplain [Attn]	AUROC	0.85	—	Unverified
5	BERT [Attn]	AUROC	0.84	—	Unverified
6	BiRNN-HateXplain [Attn]	AUROC	0.81	—	Unverified
7	BiRNN-Attn [Attn]	AUROC	0.8	—	Unverified
8	CNN-GRU [LIME]	AUROC	0.79	—	Unverified
9	BiRNN [LIME]	AUROC	0.77	—	Unverified
10	XG-HSI-BERT	Accuracy	0.75	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MLARAM	Hamming Loss	0.29	—	Unverified
2	MLkNN	Hamming Loss	0.16	—	Unverified
3	Binary Relevance	Hamming Loss	0.14	—	Unverified
4	Neural Classifier Chains	Hamming Loss	0.13	—	Unverified
5	Neural Binary Relevance	Hamming Loss	0.11	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mozafari et al., 2019	AAA	50.94	—	Unverified
2	SVM	AAA	46.51	—	Unverified
3	Kennedy et al., 2020	AAA	45.5	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	HateBERT	Macro F1	0.74	—	Unverified
2	BERT	Macro F1	0.72	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	mBert	Accuracy	0.83	—	Unverified
2	Logistic Regression	Accuracy	0.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	HXP + CLAP + CLIP	TEST F1 (macro)	0.85	—	Unverified
2	BERT + ViT + MFCC	TEST F1 (macro)	0.79	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	HateBERT	Macro F1	0.49	—	Unverified
2	BERT	Macro F1	0.48	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	HateBERT	Macro F1	0.81	—	Unverified
2	BERT	Macro F1	0.8	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Multilingual BERT	F1-score	0.75	—	Unverified
2	AutoML	F1-score	0.74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	AOM mBERT	F1	0.85	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Baseline	F1	0.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTa-large-ST	Macro F1	80.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Baseline BERT (task A)	F1	0.77	—	Unverified