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ETHOS: an Online Hate Speech Detection Dataset

2020-06-11Code Available1· sign in to hype

Ioannis Mollas, Zoe Chrysopoulou, Stamatis Karlos, Grigorios Tsoumakas

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Abstract

Online hate speech is a recent problem in our society that is rising at a steady pace by leveraging the vulnerabilities of the corresponding regimes that characterise most social media platforms. This phenomenon is primarily fostered by offensive comments, either during user interaction or in the form of a posted multimedia context. Nowadays, giant corporations own platforms where millions of users log in every day, and protection from exposure to similar phenomena appears to be necessary in order to comply with the corresponding legislation and maintain a high level of service quality. A robust and reliable system for detecting and preventing the uploading of relevant content will have a significant impact on our digitally interconnected society. Several aspects of our daily lives are undeniably linked to our social profiles, making us vulnerable to abusive behaviours. As a result, the lack of accurate hate speech detection mechanisms would severely degrade the overall user experience, although its erroneous operation would pose many ethical concerns. In this paper, we present 'ETHOS', a textual dataset with two variants: binary and multi-label, based on YouTube and Reddit comments validated using the Figure-Eight crowdsourcing platform. Furthermore, we present the annotation protocol used to create this dataset: an active sampling procedure for balancing our data in relation to the various aspects defined. Our key assumption is that, even gaining a small amount of labelled data from such a time-consuming process, we can guarantee hate speech occurrences in the examined material.

Tasks

Benchmark Results

DatasetModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
Ethos BinaryRandom ForestsF1-score0.64Unverified
Ethos BinaryBERTF1-score0.79Unverified
Ethos BinaryBiLSTM+Attention+FTF1-score0.77Unverified
Ethos BinaryCNN+Attention+FT+GVF1-score0.74Unverified
Ethos BinarySVMF1-score0.66Unverified
Ethos MultiLabelMLARAMHamming Loss0.29Unverified
Ethos MultiLabelMLkNNHamming Loss0.16Unverified
Ethos MultiLabelBinary RelevanceHamming Loss0.14Unverified
Ethos MultiLabelNeural Classifier ChainsHamming Loss0.13Unverified
Ethos MultiLabelNeural Binary RelevanceHamming Loss0.11Unverified

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