Hate Speech Detection

Hate speech detection is the task of detecting if communication such as text, audio, and so on contains hatred and or encourages violence towards a person or a group of people. This is usually based on prejudice against 'protected characteristics' such as their ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, age et al. Some example benchmarks are ETHOS and HateXplain. Models can be evaluated with metrics like the F-score or F-measure.

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 51–75 of 507 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype
Comparative Studies of Detecting Abusive Language on Twitter	Aug 30, 2018	Abuse DetectionAbusive Language	CodeCode Available	1
Fine-Grained Chinese Hate Speech Understanding: Span-Level Resources, Coded Term Lexicon, and Enhanced Detection Frameworks	Jul 15, 2025	Hate Speech Detection	—Unverified	0
Rethinking Hate Speech Detection on Social Media: Can LLMs Replace Traditional Models?	Jun 15, 2025	Hate Speech DetectionTransliteration	—Unverified	0
Towards Fairness Assessment of Dutch Hate Speech Detection	Jun 14, 2025	counterfactualFairness	—Unverified	0
ToxSyn-PT: A Large-Scale Synthetic Dataset for Hate Speech Detection in Portuguese	Jun 11, 2025	Hate Speech DetectionMulti-Label Classification	—Unverified	0
Hateful Person or Hateful Model? Investigating the Role of Personas in Hate Speech Detection by Large Language Models	Jun 10, 2025	FairnessHate Speech Detection	—Unverified	0
Multilingual Hate Speech Detection in Social Media Using Translation-Based Approaches with Large Language Models	Jun 9, 2025	Hate Speech Detection	—Unverified	0
Cracking the Code: Enhancing Implicit Hate Speech Detection through Coding Classification	Jun 5, 2025	Hate Speech Detection	—Unverified	0
On Fairness of Task Arithmetic: The Role of Task Vectors	May 30, 2025	FairnessHate Speech Detection	—Unverified	0
AmpleHate: Amplifying the Attention for Versatile Implicit Hate Detection	May 26, 2025	Contrastive LearningHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available	0
Social Good or Scientific Curiosity? Uncovering the Research Framing Behind NLP Artefacts	May 24, 2025	Fact CheckingHate Speech Detection	—Unverified	0
All You Need is "Leet": Evading Hate-speech Detection AI	May 22, 2025	AllHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available	0
Data-Efficient Hate Speech Detection via Cross-Lingual Nearest Neighbor Retrieval with Limited Labeled Data	May 20, 2025	Cross-Lingual TransferData Augmentation	—Unverified	0
Can Prompting LLMs Unlock Hate Speech Detection across Languages? A Zero-shot and Few-shot Study	May 9, 2025	DiversityHate Speech Detection	—Unverified	0
Exploring new Approaches for Information Retrieval through Natural Language Processing	May 4, 2025	Argument MiningHate Speech Detection	—Unverified	0
Personalisation or Prejudice? Addressing Geographic Bias in Hate Speech Detection using Debias Tuning in Large Language Models	May 4, 2025	Hate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available	0
Towards High-Fidelity Synthetic Multi-platform Social Media Datasets via Large Language Models	May 2, 2025	Hate Speech DetectionMarketing	—Unverified	0
Few-shot Hate Speech Detection Based on the MindSpore Framework	Apr 22, 2025	Data AugmentationHate Speech Detection	—Unverified	0
Selective Demonstration Retrieval for Improved Implicit Hate Speech Detection	Apr 16, 2025	Hate Speech DetectionIn-Context Learning	—Unverified	0
BOISHOMMO: Holistic Approach for Bangla Hate Speech	Apr 11, 2025	Hate Speech Detection	—Unverified	0
Improving Hate Speech Classification with Cross-Taxonomy Dataset Integration	Mar 7, 2025	Hate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available	0
Evaluation of Hate Speech Detection Using Large Language Models and Geographical Contextualization	Feb 26, 2025	Adversarial RobustnessBinary Classification	CodeCode Available	0
Sarang at DEFACTIFY 4.0: Detecting AI-Generated Text Using Noised Data and an Ensemble of DeBERTa Models	Feb 24, 2025	Fact CheckingHate Speech Detection	—Unverified	0
Subjective Logic Encodings	Feb 17, 2025	Hate Speech DetectionSentiment Analysis	CodeCode Available	0
Code-Mixed Telugu-English Hate Speech Detection	Feb 15, 2025	Hate Speech DetectionMultilingual NLP	—Unverified	0

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All datasets Ethos Binary HateXplain Ethos MultiLabel Waseem et al., 2018 AbusEval Automatic Misogynistic Identification HateMM HatEval OffensEval 2019 ToLD-Br bajer_danish_misogyny DKhate

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BiLSTM + static BE	F1-score	0.8	—	Unverified
2	BERT	F1-score	0.79	—	Unverified
3	BiLSTM+Attention+FT	F1-score	0.77	—	Unverified
4	OPT-175B (few-shot)	F1-score	0.76	—	Unverified
5	CNN+Attention+FT+GV	F1-score	0.74	—	Unverified
6	OPT-175B (one-shot)	F1-score	0.71	—	Unverified
7	OPT-175B (zero-shot)	F1-score	0.67	—	Unverified
8	SVM	F1-score	0.66	—	Unverified
9	Random Forests	F1-score	0.64	—	Unverified
10	Davinci (zero-shot)	F1-score	0.63	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-MRP	AUROC	0.86	—	Unverified
2	BERT-RP	AUROC	0.85	—	Unverified
3	BERT-HateXplain [Attn]	AUROC	0.85	—	Unverified
4	BERT-HateXplain [LIME]	AUROC	0.85	—	Unverified
5	BERT [Attn]	AUROC	0.84	—	Unverified
6	BiRNN-HateXplain [Attn]	AUROC	0.81	—	Unverified
7	BiRNN-Attn [Attn]	AUROC	0.8	—	Unverified
8	CNN-GRU [LIME]	AUROC	0.79	—	Unverified
9	BiRNN [LIME]	AUROC	0.77	—	Unverified
10	XG-HSI-BERT	Accuracy	0.75	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MLARAM	Hamming Loss	0.29	—	Unverified
2	MLkNN	Hamming Loss	0.16	—	Unverified
3	Binary Relevance	Hamming Loss	0.14	—	Unverified
4	Neural Classifier Chains	Hamming Loss	0.13	—	Unverified
5	Neural Binary Relevance	Hamming Loss	0.11	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mozafari et al., 2019	AAA	50.94	—	Unverified
2	SVM	AAA	46.51	—	Unverified
3	Kennedy et al., 2020	AAA	45.5	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	HateBERT	Macro F1	0.74	—	Unverified
2	BERT	Macro F1	0.72	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	mBert	Accuracy	0.83	—	Unverified
2	Logistic Regression	Accuracy	0.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	HXP + CLAP + CLIP	TEST F1 (macro)	0.85	—	Unverified
2	BERT + ViT + MFCC	TEST F1 (macro)	0.79	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	HateBERT	Macro F1	0.49	—	Unverified
2	BERT	Macro F1	0.48	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	HateBERT	Macro F1	0.81	—	Unverified
2	BERT	Macro F1	0.8	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Multilingual BERT	F1-score	0.75	—	Unverified
2	AutoML	F1-score	0.74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	AOM mBERT	F1	0.85	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Baseline	F1	0.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTa-large-ST	Macro F1	80.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Baseline BERT (task A)	F1	0.77	—	Unverified