Hate Speech Detection

Hate speech detection is the task of detecting if communication such as text, audio, and so on contains hatred and or encourages violence towards a person or a group of people. This is usually based on prejudice against 'protected characteristics' such as their ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, age et al. Some example benchmarks are ETHOS and HateXplain. Models can be evaluated with metrics like the F-score or F-measure.

Papers

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Showing 451–475 of 507 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status
Uncovering Political Hate Speech During Indian Election Campaign: A New Low-Resource Dataset and Baselines	Jun 26, 2023	Hate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Multilingual Auxiliary Tasks Training: Bridging the Gap between Languages for Zero-Shot Transfer of Hate Speech Detection Models	Oct 24, 2022	Cross-Lingual TransferHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Attentive Fusion: A Transformer-based Approach to Multimodal Hate Speech Detection	Jan 19, 2024	Hate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
BITE: Textual Backdoor Attacks with Iterative Trigger Injection	May 25, 2022	Backdoor AttackHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Hate Speech Detection on Vietnamese Social Media Text using the Bidirectional-LSTM Model	Nov 9, 2019	BIG-bench Machine LearningHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Hate Speech Detection on Vietnamese Social Media Text using the Bi-GRU-LSTM-CNN Model	Nov 9, 2019	Hate Speech DetectionVietnamese Hate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Hate Speech Detection Using Cross-Platform Social Media Data In English and German Language	Oct 2, 2024	ClassificationHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
A study of text representations in Hate Speech Detection	Feb 8, 2021	Abusive LanguageHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Selecting and combining complementary feature representations and classifiers for hate speech detection	Jan 18, 2022	ClassificationHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Hate Speech Detection with Generalizable Target-aware Fairness	May 28, 2024	FairnessHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Hate Speech in Pixels: Detection of Offensive Memes towards Automatic Moderation	Oct 5, 2019	Hate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Hate Speech Targets Detection in Parler using BERT	Apr 3, 2023	Hate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Checking HateCheck: a cross-functional analysis of behaviour-aware learning for hate speech detection	Apr 8, 2022	Hate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Multimodal Hate Speech Detection from Bengali Memes and Texts	Apr 19, 2022	Fake News DetectionHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
The Art of Embedding Fusion: Optimizing Hate Speech Detection	Jun 26, 2023	Hate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Highly Generalizable Models for Multilingual Hate Speech Detection	Jan 27, 2022	Hate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Character-level HyperNetworks for Hate Speech Detection	Nov 11, 2021	Data AugmentationHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Hope Speech Detection on Social Media Platforms	Nov 14, 2022	Hate Speech DetectionHope Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Hostility Detection in Hindi leveraging Pre-Trained Language Models	Jan 14, 2021	Fake News DetectionHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
How Much Hate with #china? A Preliminary Analysis on China-related Hateful Tweets Two Years After the Covid Pandemic Began	Nov 11, 2022	Hate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Sensitivity, Performance, Robustness: Deconstructing the Effect of Sociodemographic Prompting	Sep 13, 2023	Hate Speech DetectionSensitivity	CodeCode Available
Towards Interpretable Hate Speech Detection using Large Language Model-extracted Rationales	Mar 19, 2024	Hate Speech DetectionLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available
HSD Shared Task in VLSP Campaign 2019:Hate Speech Detection for Social Good	Jul 13, 2020	General ClassificationHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available
Multitask Learning for Emotionally Analyzing Sexual Abuse Disclosures	Jun 1, 2021	ClassificationEmotion Classification	CodeCode Available
Human-in-the-Loop Synthetic Text Data Inspection with Provenance Tracking	Apr 29, 2024	Data AugmentationHate Speech Detection	CodeCode Available

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All datasets Ethos Binary HateXplain Ethos MultiLabel Waseem et al., 2018 AbusEval Automatic Misogynistic Identification HateMM HatEval OffensEval 2019 ToLD-Br bajer_danish_misogyny DKhate

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BiLSTM + static BE	F1-score	0.8	—	Unverified
2	BERT	F1-score	0.79	—	Unverified
3	BiLSTM+Attention+FT	F1-score	0.77	—	Unverified
4	OPT-175B (few-shot)	F1-score	0.76	—	Unverified
5	CNN+Attention+FT+GV	F1-score	0.74	—	Unverified
6	OPT-175B (one-shot)	F1-score	0.71	—	Unverified
7	OPT-175B (zero-shot)	F1-score	0.67	—	Unverified
8	SVM	F1-score	0.66	—	Unverified
9	Random Forests	F1-score	0.64	—	Unverified
10	Davinci (zero-shot)	F1-score	0.63	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-MRP	AUROC	0.86	—	Unverified
2	BERT-RP	AUROC	0.85	—	Unverified
3	BERT-HateXplain [LIME]	AUROC	0.85	—	Unverified
4	BERT-HateXplain [Attn]	AUROC	0.85	—	Unverified
5	BERT [Attn]	AUROC	0.84	—	Unverified
6	BiRNN-HateXplain [Attn]	AUROC	0.81	—	Unverified
7	BiRNN-Attn [Attn]	AUROC	0.8	—	Unverified
8	CNN-GRU [LIME]	AUROC	0.79	—	Unverified
9	BiRNN [LIME]	AUROC	0.77	—	Unverified
10	XG-HSI-BERT	Accuracy	0.75	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MLARAM	Hamming Loss	0.29	—	Unverified
2	MLkNN	Hamming Loss	0.16	—	Unverified
3	Binary Relevance	Hamming Loss	0.14	—	Unverified
4	Neural Classifier Chains	Hamming Loss	0.13	—	Unverified
5	Neural Binary Relevance	Hamming Loss	0.11	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mozafari et al., 2019	AAA	50.94	—	Unverified
2	SVM	AAA	46.51	—	Unverified
3	Kennedy et al., 2020	AAA	45.5	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	HateBERT	Macro F1	0.74	—	Unverified
2	BERT	Macro F1	0.72	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	mBert	Accuracy	0.83	—	Unverified
2	Logistic Regression	Accuracy	0.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	HXP + CLAP + CLIP	TEST F1 (macro)	0.85	—	Unverified
2	BERT + ViT + MFCC	TEST F1 (macro)	0.79	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	HateBERT	Macro F1	0.49	—	Unverified
2	BERT	Macro F1	0.48	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	HateBERT	Macro F1	0.81	—	Unverified
2	BERT	Macro F1	0.8	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Multilingual BERT	F1-score	0.75	—	Unverified
2	AutoML	F1-score	0.74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	AOM mBERT	F1	0.85	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Baseline	F1	0.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTa-large-ST	Macro F1	80.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Baseline BERT (task A)	F1	0.77	—	Unverified