SOTAVerified

Hate Speech Detection

Hate speech detection is the task of detecting if communication such as text, audio, and so on contains hatred and or encourages violence towards a person or a group of people. This is usually based on prejudice against 'protected characteristics' such as their ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, age et al. Some example benchmarks are ETHOS and HateXplain. Models can be evaluated with metrics like the F-score or F-measure.

Papers

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Showing 451–500 of 507 papers

TitleStatusHype
Uncovering Political Hate Speech During Indian Election Campaign: A New Low-Resource Dataset and BaselinesCode0
Multilingual Auxiliary Tasks Training: Bridging the Gap between Languages for Zero-Shot Transfer of Hate Speech Detection ModelsCode0
Attentive Fusion: A Transformer-based Approach to Multimodal Hate Speech DetectionCode0
BITE: Textual Backdoor Attacks with Iterative Trigger InjectionCode0
Hate Speech Detection on Vietnamese Social Media Text using the Bidirectional-LSTM ModelCode0
Hate Speech Detection on Vietnamese Social Media Text using the Bi-GRU-LSTM-CNN ModelCode0
Hate Speech Detection Using Cross-Platform Social Media Data In English and German LanguageCode0
A study of text representations in Hate Speech DetectionCode0
Selecting and combining complementary feature representations and classifiers for hate speech detectionCode0
Hate Speech Detection with Generalizable Target-aware FairnessCode0
Hate Speech in Pixels: Detection of Offensive Memes towards Automatic ModerationCode0
Hate Speech Targets Detection in Parler using BERTCode0
Checking HateCheck: a cross-functional analysis of behaviour-aware learning for hate speech detectionCode0
Multimodal Hate Speech Detection from Bengali Memes and TextsCode0
The Art of Embedding Fusion: Optimizing Hate Speech DetectionCode0
Highly Generalizable Models for Multilingual Hate Speech DetectionCode0
Character-level HyperNetworks for Hate Speech DetectionCode0
Hope Speech Detection on Social Media PlatformsCode0
Hostility Detection in Hindi leveraging Pre-Trained Language ModelsCode0
How Much Hate with #china? A Preliminary Analysis on China-related Hateful Tweets Two Years After the Covid Pandemic BeganCode0
Sensitivity, Performance, Robustness: Deconstructing the Effect of Sociodemographic PromptingCode0
Towards Interpretable Hate Speech Detection using Large Language Model-extracted RationalesCode0
HSD Shared Task in VLSP Campaign 2019:Hate Speech Detection for Social GoodCode0
Multitask Learning for Emotionally Analyzing Sexual Abuse DisclosuresCode0
Human-in-the-Loop Synthetic Text Data Inspection with Provenance TrackingCode0
Hypothesis Engineering for Zero-Shot Hate Speech DetectionCode0
Semi-supervised Stance Detection of Tweets Via Distant Network SupervisionCode0
NaijaHate: Evaluating Hate Speech Detection on Nigerian Twitter Using Representative DataCode0
Towards Legally Enforceable Hate Speech Detection for Public ForumsCode0
Necessity and Sufficiency for Explaining Text Classifiers: A Case Study in Hate Speech DetectionCode0
NLPineers@ NLU of Devanagari Script Languages 2025: Hate Speech Detection using Ensembling of BERT-based modelsCode0
A Study of Nationality Bias in Names and Perplexity using Off-the-Shelf Affect-related Tweet ClassifiersCode0
Impact of Politically Biased Data on Hate Speech ClassificationCode0
Improved Sentiment Detection via Label Transfer from Monolingual to Synthetic Code-Switched TextCode0
NLP Systems That Can't Tell Use from Mention Censor Counterspeech, but Teaching the Distinction HelpsCode0
Improving Adversarial Data Collection by Supporting Annotators: Lessons from GAHD, a German Hate Speech DatasetCode0
AmpleHate: Amplifying the Attention for Versatile Implicit Hate DetectionCode0
Noisy Self-Training with Data Augmentations for Offensive and Hate Speech Detection TasksCode0
Offence in Dialogues: A Corpus-Based StudyCode0
Improving Cross-Domain Hate Speech Generalizability with Emotion KnowledgeCode0
All You Need is "Leet": Evading Hate-speech Detection AICode0
The Other Side of Compression: Measuring Bias in Pruned TransformersCode0
Improving Hate Speech Classification with Cross-Taxonomy Dataset IntegrationCode0
Improving Hate Speech Detection with Deep Learning EnsemblesCode0
ImpScore: A Learnable Metric For Quantifying The Implicitness Level of LanguageCode0
The Promises and Pitfalls of LLM Annotations in Dataset Labeling: a Case Study on Media Bias DetectionCode0
What If Ground Truth Is Subjective? Personalized Deep Neural Hate Speech DetectionCode0
A BERT-Based Transfer Learning Approach for Hate Speech Detection in Online Social MediaCode0
Transformers and Ensemble methods: A solution for Hate Speech Detection in Arabic languagesCode0
ThreatGram 101 - Extreme Telegram Replies Data with Threat LevelsCode0
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All datasetsEthos BinaryHateXplainEthos MultiLabelWaseem et al., 2018AbusEvalAutomatic Misogynistic IdentificationHateMMHatEvalOffensEval 2019ToLD-Brbajer_danish_misogynyDKhate

Benchmark Results

#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1BiLSTM + static BEF1-score0.8—Unverified
2BERTF1-score0.79—Unverified
3BiLSTM+Attention+FTF1-score0.77—Unverified
4OPT-175B (few-shot)F1-score0.76—Unverified
5CNN+Attention+FT+GVF1-score0.74—Unverified
6OPT-175B (one-shot)F1-score0.71—Unverified
7OPT-175B (zero-shot)F1-score0.67—Unverified
8SVMF1-score0.66—Unverified
9Random ForestsF1-score0.64—Unverified
10Davinci (zero-shot)F1-score0.63—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1BERT-MRPAUROC0.86—Unverified
2BERT-RPAUROC0.85—Unverified
3BERT-HateXplain [LIME]AUROC0.85—Unverified
4BERT-HateXplain [Attn]AUROC0.85—Unverified
5BERT [Attn]AUROC0.84—Unverified
6BiRNN-HateXplain [Attn]AUROC0.81—Unverified
7BiRNN-Attn [Attn]AUROC0.8—Unverified
8CNN-GRU [LIME]AUROC0.79—Unverified
9BiRNN [LIME]AUROC0.77—Unverified
10XG-HSI-BERTAccuracy0.75—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1MLARAMHamming Loss0.29—Unverified
2MLkNNHamming Loss0.16—Unverified
3Binary RelevanceHamming Loss0.14—Unverified
4Neural Classifier ChainsHamming Loss0.13—Unverified
5Neural Binary RelevanceHamming Loss0.11—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1Mozafari et al., 2019AAA50.94—Unverified
2SVMAAA46.51—Unverified
3Kennedy et al., 2020AAA45.5—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1HateBERTMacro F10.74—Unverified
2BERTMacro F10.72—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1mBertAccuracy0.83—Unverified
2Logistic RegressionAccuracy0.7—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1HXP + CLAP + CLIPTEST F1 (macro)0.85—Unverified
2BERT + ViT + MFCCTEST F1 (macro)0.79—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1HateBERTMacro F10.49—Unverified
2BERTMacro F10.48—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1HateBERTMacro F10.81—Unverified
2BERTMacro F10.8—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1Multilingual BERTF1-score0.75—Unverified
2AutoMLF1-score0.74—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1AOM mBERTF10.85—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1BaselineF10.7—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1RoBERTa-large-STMacro F180.7—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1Baseline BERT (task A)F10.77—Unverified