Hate Speech Detection

Hate speech detection is the task of detecting if communication such as text, audio, and so on contains hatred and or encourages violence towards a person or a group of people. This is usually based on prejudice against 'protected characteristics' such as their ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, age et al. Some example benchmarks are ETHOS and HateXplain. Models can be evaluated with metrics like the F-score or F-measure.

Papers

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Showing 226–250 of 507 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status
HATEMINER at SemEval-2019 Task 5: Hate speech detection against Immigrants and Women in Twitter using a Multinomial Naive Bayes Classifier	Jun 1, 2019	General ClassificationHate Speech Detection	—Unverified
Cross-Lingual Transfer Learning for Hate Speech Detection	Apr 1, 2021	Cross-Lingual TransferHate Speech Detection	—Unverified
iCompass at Arabic Hate Speech 2022: Detect Hate Speech Using QRNN and Transformers	Jun 1, 2022	Hate Speech Detection	—Unverified
Hate Speech and Offensive Content Detection in Indo-Aryan Languages: A Battle of LSTM and Transformers	Dec 9, 2023	Hate Speech DetectionModel Selection	—Unverified
Cross-lingual Zero- and Few-shot Hate Speech Detection Utilising Frozen Transformer Language Models and AXEL	Apr 13, 2020	Few-Shot LearningGeneral Classification	—Unverified
Hate Speech and Offensive Language Detection using an Emotion-aware Shared Encoder	Feb 17, 2023	Hate Speech Detection	—Unverified
A Systematic Analysis on the Temporal Generalization of Language Models in Social Media	May 15, 2024	Hate Speech Detectionnamed-entity-recognition	—Unverified
Hate Speech Detection and Classification in Amharic Text with Deep Learning	Aug 7, 2024	Deep LearningHate Speech Detection	—Unverified
Hate Speech Detection and Racial Bias Mitigation in Social Media based on BERT model	Aug 14, 2020	Abusive LanguageHate Speech Detection	—Unverified
Crowd-Calibrator: Can Annotator Disagreement Inform Calibration in Subjective Tasks?	Aug 26, 2024	Decision MakingHate Speech Detection	—Unverified
Afaan Oromo Hate Speech Detection and Classification on Social Media	Jun 1, 2022	ClassificationHate Speech Detection	—Unverified
Detecting Abusive Albanian	Jul 28, 2021	Hate Speech Detection	—Unverified
A systematic review of Hate Speech automatic detection using Natural Language Processing	May 22, 2021	Deep LearningHate Speech Detection	—Unverified
Generalizing Hate Speech Detection Using Multi-Task Learning: A Case Study of Political Public Figures	Aug 22, 2022	Hate Speech DetectionMulti-Task Learning	—Unverified
Hate Speech Detection in Clubhouse	Jun 24, 2021	Hate Speech Detection	—Unverified
Hate Speech Detection in Limited Data Contexts using Synthetic Data Generation	Oct 4, 2023	Data AugmentationHate Speech Detection	—Unverified
Hate Speech Detection in Roman Urdu	Aug 5, 2021	Hate Speech Detection	—Unverified
A Federated Approach to Few-Shot Hate Speech Detection for Marginalized Communities	Dec 6, 2024	Federated LearningFew-Shot Learning	—Unverified
Hate Speech detection in the Bengali language: A dataset and its baseline evaluation	Dec 17, 2020	Hate Speech Detection	—Unverified
A Target-Aware Analysis of Data Augmentation for Hate Speech Detection	Oct 10, 2024	Data AugmentationHate Speech Detection	—Unverified
Analyzing the Real Vulnerability of Hate Speech Detection Systems against Targeted Intentional Noise	Oct 1, 2022	Hate Speech Detection	—Unverified
Demoting Racial Bias in Hate Speech Detection	May 25, 2020	Hate Speech Detection	—Unverified
Hate speech detection using static BERT embeddings	Jun 29, 2021	Hate Speech DetectionSpecificity	—Unverified
Hate Speech Detection via Dual Contrastive Learning	Jul 10, 2023	Contrastive LearningHate Speech Detection	—Unverified
AngryBERT: Joint Learning Target and Emotion for Hate Speech Detection	Mar 14, 2021	Hate Speech DetectionSentiment Analysis	—Unverified

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All datasets Ethos Binary HateXplain Ethos MultiLabel Waseem et al., 2018 AbusEval Automatic Misogynistic Identification HateMM HatEval OffensEval 2019 ToLD-Br bajer_danish_misogyny DKhate

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BiLSTM + static BE	F1-score	0.8	—	Unverified
2	BERT	F1-score	0.79	—	Unverified
3	BiLSTM+Attention+FT	F1-score	0.77	—	Unverified
4	OPT-175B (few-shot)	F1-score	0.76	—	Unverified
5	CNN+Attention+FT+GV	F1-score	0.74	—	Unverified
6	OPT-175B (one-shot)	F1-score	0.71	—	Unverified
7	OPT-175B (zero-shot)	F1-score	0.67	—	Unverified
8	SVM	F1-score	0.66	—	Unverified
9	Random Forests	F1-score	0.64	—	Unverified
10	Davinci (zero-shot)	F1-score	0.63	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BERT-MRP	AUROC	0.86	—	Unverified
2	BERT-RP	AUROC	0.85	—	Unverified
3	BERT-HateXplain [Attn]	AUROC	0.85	—	Unverified
4	BERT-HateXplain [LIME]	AUROC	0.85	—	Unverified
5	BERT [Attn]	AUROC	0.84	—	Unverified
6	BiRNN-HateXplain [Attn]	AUROC	0.81	—	Unverified
7	BiRNN-Attn [Attn]	AUROC	0.8	—	Unverified
8	CNN-GRU [LIME]	AUROC	0.79	—	Unverified
9	BiRNN [LIME]	AUROC	0.77	—	Unverified
10	XG-HSI-BERT	Accuracy	0.75	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MLARAM	Hamming Loss	0.29	—	Unverified
2	MLkNN	Hamming Loss	0.16	—	Unverified
3	Binary Relevance	Hamming Loss	0.14	—	Unverified
4	Neural Classifier Chains	Hamming Loss	0.13	—	Unverified
5	Neural Binary Relevance	Hamming Loss	0.11	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Mozafari et al., 2019	AAA	50.94	—	Unverified
2	SVM	AAA	46.51	—	Unverified
3	Kennedy et al., 2020	AAA	45.5	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	HateBERT	Macro F1	0.74	—	Unverified
2	BERT	Macro F1	0.72	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	mBert	Accuracy	0.83	—	Unverified
2	Logistic Regression	Accuracy	0.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	HXP + CLAP + CLIP	TEST F1 (macro)	0.85	—	Unverified
2	BERT + ViT + MFCC	TEST F1 (macro)	0.79	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	HateBERT	Macro F1	0.49	—	Unverified
2	BERT	Macro F1	0.48	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	HateBERT	Macro F1	0.81	—	Unverified
2	BERT	Macro F1	0.8	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Multilingual BERT	F1-score	0.75	—	Unverified
2	AutoML	F1-score	0.74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	AOM mBERT	F1	0.85	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Baseline	F1	0.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RoBERTa-large-ST	Macro F1	80.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Baseline BERT (task A)	F1	0.77	—	Unverified