Grammatical Error Correction

Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) is the task of correcting different kinds of errors in text such as spelling, punctuation, grammatical, and word choice errors.

GEC is typically formulated as a sentence correction task. A GEC system takes a potentially erroneous sentence as input and is expected to transform it to its corrected version. See the example given below:

| Input (Erroneous) | Output (Corrected) | | ------------------------- | ---------------------- | |She see Tom is catched by policeman in park at last night. | She saw Tom caught by a policeman in the park last night.|

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 51–100 of 415 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype	Score
A Simple Recipe for Multilingual Grammatical Error Correction	Jun 7, 2021	Grammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	1	5
Automatic Error Type Annotation for Arabic	Sep 16, 2021	Grammatical Error CorrectionVocal Bursts Type Prediction	CodeCode Available	1	5
Negative language transfer in learner English: A new dataset	Jun 1, 2021	Grammatical Error CorrectionLanguage Acquisition	CodeCode Available	0	5
Approaching Neural Grammatical Error Correction as a Low-Resource Machine Translation Task	Apr 16, 2018	Domain AdaptationGrammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Neural Grammatical Error Correction Systems with Unsupervised Pre-training on Synthetic Data	Aug 1, 2019	Grammatical Error CorrectionUnsupervised Pre-training	CodeCode Available	0	5
Multi-Class Grammatical Error Detection for Correction: A Tale of Two Systems	Nov 1, 2021	DecoderGrammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Multi-head Sequence Tagging Model for Grammatical Error Correction	Oct 21, 2024	DenoisingGrammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Automatic Metric Validation for Grammatical Error Correction	Apr 30, 2018	Grammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Beyond Grammatical Error Correction: Improving L1-influenced research writing in English using pre-trained encoder-decoder models	Nov 1, 2021	DecoderGrammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Beyond Hard Samples: Robust and Effective Grammatical Error Correction with Cycle Self-Augmenting	Oct 20, 2023	Adversarial AttackGrammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Bidirectional Transformer Reranker for Grammatical Error Correction	May 22, 2023	DecoderGrammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
A Reassessment of Reference-Based Grammatical Error Correction Metrics	Aug 1, 2018	Grammatical Error CorrectionMachine Translation	CodeCode Available	0	5
Neural Machine Translation Techniques for Named Entity Transliteration	Jul 1, 2018	Automatic Post-EditingDecoder	CodeCode Available	0	5
Lossless Acceleration for Seq2seq Generation with Aggressive Decoding	May 20, 2022	Abstractive Text SummarizationGPU	CodeCode Available	0	5
LM-Combiner: A Contextual Rewriting Model for Chinese Grammatical Error Correction	Mar 26, 2024	Grammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Minimum Bayes' Risk Decoding for System Combination of Grammatical Error Correction Systems	Sep 12, 2023	Grammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Learning to combine Grammatical Error Corrections	Jun 10, 2019	Grammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
JFLEG: A Fluency Corpus and Benchmark for Grammatical Error Correction	Feb 14, 2017	Grammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Likelihood-based Mitigation of Evaluation Bias in Large Language Models	Feb 25, 2024	Grammatical Error CorrectionIn-Context Learning	CodeCode Available	0	5
Automatic Annotation and Evaluation of Error Types for Grammatical Error Correction	Jul 1, 2017	Annotated Code SearchGrammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Inherent Biases in Reference based Evaluation for Grammatical Error Correction and Text Simplification	Apr 30, 2018	Grammatical Error CorrectionSentence	CodeCode Available	0	5
Inherent Biases in Reference-based Evaluation for Grammatical Error Correction	Jul 1, 2018	Grammatical Error CorrectionSentence	CodeCode Available	0	5
Is this the end of the gold standard? A straightforward reference-less grammatical error correction metric	Nov 1, 2021	Grammatical Error CorrectionSentence	CodeCode Available	0	5
Neural Network Translation Models for Grammatical Error Correction	Jun 1, 2016	Grammatical Error CorrectionMachine Translation	CodeCode Available	0	5
Improving Explainability of Sentence-level Metrics via Edit-level Attribution for Grammatical Error Correction	Dec 17, 2024	AttributeGrammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
A Unified Strategy for Multilingual Grammatical Error Correction with Pre-trained Cross-Lingual Language Model	Jan 26, 2022	Grammatical Error CorrectionLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	0	5
Improving Grammatical Error Correction via Pre-Training a Copy-Augmented Architecture with Unlabeled Data	Mar 1, 2019	DenoisingGrammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Grammatical Error Correction with Contrastive Learning in Low Error Density Domains	Nov 1, 2021	Contrastive LearningGrammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Generate, Filter, and Rank: Grammaticality Classification for Production-Ready NLG Systems	Apr 5, 2019	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	0	5
Graph-based Filtering of Out-of-Vocabulary Words for Encoder-Decoder Models	May 28, 2018	DecoderGrammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Improving Grammatical Error Correction via Contextual Data Augmentation	Jun 25, 2024	Data AugmentationGrammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
GEE! Grammar Error Explanation with Large Language Models	Nov 16, 2023	Grammatical Error CorrectionSentence	CodeCode Available	0	5
Comparative study of models trained on synthetic data for Ukrainian grammatical error correction	May 5, 2024	Grammatical Error CorrectionMachine Translation	CodeCode Available	0	5
GEC-DePenD: Non-Autoregressive Grammatical Error Correction with Decoupled Permutation and Decoding	Nov 14, 2023	DecoderDenoising	CodeCode Available	0	5
gec-metrics: A Unified Library for Grammatical Error Correction Evaluation	May 26, 2025	Grammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Gender-Aware Reinflection using Linguistically Enhanced Neural Models	Dec 1, 2020	DecoderGrammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
A Study of Morphological Robustness of Neural Machine Translation	Aug 1, 2021	Grammatical Error CorrectionMachine Translation	CodeCode Available	0	5
GitHub Typo Corpus: A Large-Scale Multilingual Dataset of Misspellings and Grammatical Errors	Nov 28, 2019	Grammatical Error CorrectionSpelling Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Grammatical Error Correction for Code-Switched Sentences by Learners of English	Apr 18, 2024	Grammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Grammatical Error Correction in Low-Resource Scenarios	Oct 1, 2019	Grammatical Error CorrectionMachine Translation	CodeCode Available	0	5
Gender-Inclusive Grammatical Error Correction through Augmentation	Jun 12, 2023	Data AugmentationGrammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
IMPARA: Impact-Based Metric for GEC Using Parallel Data	Oct 1, 2022	Grammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
An Empirical Study of Incorporating Pseudo Data into Grammatical Error Correction	Sep 2, 2019	Grammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Controlled Generation with Prompt Insertion for Natural Language Explanations in Grammatical Error Correction	Sep 20, 2023	Grammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Improving Grammatical Error Correction with Machine Translation Pairs	Nov 7, 2019	Grammatical Error CorrectionLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	0	5
Classifying Syntactic Errors in Learner Language	Oct 21, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	0	5
Choosing the Right Word: Using Bidirectional LSTM Tagger for Writing Support Systems	Jan 8, 2019	Grammatical Error CorrectionMachine Translation	CodeCode Available	0	5
A Simple Yet Effective Corpus Construction Framework for Indonesian Grammatical Error Correction	Oct 28, 2024	Grammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5
A Neural Grammatical Error Correction System Built On Better Pre-training and Sequential Transfer Learning	Jul 2, 2019	Grammatical Error CorrectionTransfer Learning	CodeCode Available	0	5
A Multilayer Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Neural Network for Grammatical Error Correction	Jan 26, 2018	DecoderGrammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	0	5

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All datasets CoNLL-2014 Shared Task BEA-2019 (test)Falko-MERLIN JFLEG UA-GEC CoNLL-2014 Shared Task (10 annotations)Restricted Unrestricted _Restricted_EstGEC-L2 FCGEC MuCGEC

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Ensembles of best 7 models + GRECO + GTP-rerank	F0.5	72.8	—	Unverified
2	Majority-voting ensemble on best 7 models	F0.5	71.8	—	Unverified
3	GRECO (voting+ESC)	F0.5	71.12	—	Unverified
4	GEC-DI (LM+GED)	F0.5	69.6	—	Unverified
5	Unsupervised GEC + cLang8	F0.5	69.6	—	Unverified
6	ESC	F0.5	69.51	—	Unverified
7	T5	F0.5	68.87	—	Unverified
8	MoECE	F0.5	67.79	—	Unverified
9	SynGEC	F0.5	67.6	—	Unverified
10	Sequence tagging + token-level transformations + two-stage fine-tuning (+BERT, RoBERTa, XLNet)	F0.5	66.5	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Majority-voting ensemble on best 7 models	F0.5	81.4	—	Unverified
2	GRECO (voting+ESC)	F0.5	80.84	—	Unverified
3	ESC	F0.5	79.9	—	Unverified
4	RedPenNet	F0.5	77.6	—	Unverified
5	clang_large_ft2-gector	F0.5	77.1	—	Unverified
6	Unsupervised GEC + cLang8	F0.5	76.5	—	Unverified
7	DeBERTa + RoBERTa + XLNet	F0.5	76.05	—	Unverified
8	MoECE	F0.5	74.07	—	Unverified
9	Sequence tagging + token-level transformations + two-stage fine-tuning (+RoBERTa, XLNet)	F0.5	73.7	—	Unverified
10	BEA Combination	F0.5	73.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Llama + 1M BT + gold	F0.5	76.75	—	Unverified
2	mT5-based multimodal MoE	F0.5	76.3	—	Unverified
3	gT5 xxl	F0.5	75.96	—	Unverified
4	Transformer	F0.5	73.71	—	Unverified
5	Transformer - synthetic pretrain only	F0.5	51.41	—	Unverified
6	Multilayer Convolutional Encoder-Decoder	F0.5	43.35	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	VERNet	GLEU	62.1	—	Unverified
2	Transformer + Pre-train with Pseudo Data + BERT	GLEU	62	—	Unverified
3	SMT + BiGRU	GLEU	61.5	—	Unverified
4	Copy-augmented Model (4 Ensemble +Denoising Autoencoder)	GLEU	61	—	Unverified
5	Transformer	GLEU	59.9	—	Unverified
6	CNN Seq2Seq	GLEU	57.47	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Llama + 1M BT + gold	F0.5	74.09	—	Unverified
2	mBART-based model with synthetic data	F0.5	68.17	—	Unverified
3	mT5 large + 10M synth	F0.5	68.09	—	Unverified
4	RedPenNet	F0.5	67.71	—	Unverified
5	ChatGPT (zero-shot)	F0.5	27.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	GRECO (vote+ESC)	F0.5	85.21	—	Unverified
2	SMT + BiGRU	F0.5	72.04	—	Unverified
3	CNN Seq2Seq	F0.5	70.14	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CNN Seq2Seq + Quality Estimation	F0.5	56.52	—	Unverified
2	Transformer	F0.5	55.8	—	Unverified
3	+ BIFI with no critic	F0.5	18.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CNN Seq2Seq + Fluency Boost and inference	GLEU	62.37	—	Unverified
2	CNN Seq2Seq + Fluency Boost	F0.5	61.34	—	Unverified
3	+ BIFI (ours)	F0.5	42.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Transformer	GLEU	59.9	—	Unverified
2	CNN Seq2Seq	GLEU	57.47	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Llama + 1M BT + gold	F0.5	69.97	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	STG-Joint	exact match	34.1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	GEC-DI (LM+GED)	F0.5	48.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RedPenNet	F0.5	77.6	—	Unverified