Document Layout Analysis

"Document Layout Analysis is performed to determine physical structure of a document, that is, to determine document components. These document components can consist of single connected components-regions [...] of pixels that are adjacent to form single regions [...] , or group of text lines. A text line is a group of characters, symbols, and words that are adjacent, “relatively close” to each other and through which a straight line can be drawn (usually with horizontal or vertical orientation)." L. O'Gorman, "The document spectrum for page layout analysis," in IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 1162-1173, Nov. 1993.

Image credit: PubLayNet: largest dataset ever for document layout analysis