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Text Simplification

Text Simplification is the task of reducing the complexity of the vocabulary and sentence structure of text while retaining its original meaning, with the goal of improving readability and understanding. Simplification has a variety of important societal applications, for example increasing accessibility for those with cognitive disabilities such as aphasia, dyslexia, and autism, or for non-native speakers and children with reading difficulties.

Source: Multilingual Unsupervised Sentence Simplification

Papers

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Showing 401–450 of 468 papers

TitleStatusHype
Learning to Summarise Related Sentences—0
Relative clause extraction for syntactic simplification—0
Assessing Conformance of Manually Simplified Corpora with User Requirements: the Case of Autistic Readers—0
Exploring the effects of Sentence Simplification on Hindi to English Machine Translation System—0
Proceedings of the Workshop on Automatic Text Simplification - Methods and Applications in the Multilingual Society (ATS-MA 2014)—0
Automatic Text Simplification For Handling Intellectual Property (The Case of Multiple Patent Claims)—0
The descriptive approaches of the verb in Linguistics, Terminology and NLP (Les mod\`eles de description du verbe dans les travaux de Linguistique, Terminologie et TAL) [in French]—0
A model to predict lexical complexity and to grade words (Un mod\`ele pour pr\'edire la complexit\'e lexicale et graduer les mots) [in French]—0
Hybrid Simplification using Deep Semantics and Machine Translation—0
Rule-based and machine learning approaches for second language sentence-level readability—0
Assessing the Readability of Sentences: Which Corpora and Features?—0
Learning a Lexical Simplifier Using Wikipedia—0
Text simplification using synchronous dependency grammars: Generalising automatically harvested rules—0
Semi-supervised methods for expanding psycholinguistics norms by integrating distributional similarity with the structure of WordNet—0
Creating and using large monolingual parallel corpora for sentential paraphrase generation—0
Modeling Language Proficiency Using Implicit Feedback—0
FLELex: a graded lexical resource for French foreign learners—0
Can Numerical Expressions Be Simpler? Implementation and Demostration of a Numerical Simplification System for Spanish—0
Improvements to Dependency Parsing Using Automatic Simplification of Data—0
A flexible language learning platform based on language resources and web services—0
Out in the Open: Finding and Categorising Errors in the Lexical Simplification Pipeline—0
Lexical Substitution Dataset for German—0
Annotating Question Decomposition on Complex Medical Questions—0
Assessing the relative reading level of sentence pairs for text simplification—0
One Step Closer to Automatic Evaluation of Text Simplification Systems—0
Hybrid text simplification using synchronous dependency grammars with hand-written and automatically harvested rules—0
Medical text simplification using synonym replacement: Adapting assessment of word difficulty to a compounding language—0
Syntactic Sentence Simplification for French—0
An Analysis of Crowdsourced Text Simplifications—0
A Quantitative Insight into the Impact of Translation on Readability—0
An Open Corpus of Everyday Documents for Simplification Tasks—0
Exploring Verb Frames for Sentence Simplification in Hindi—0
Selecting Proper Lexical Paraphrase for Children—0
Readability Indices for Automatic Evaluation of Text Simplification Systems: A Feasibility Study for Spanish—0
Event-Centered Simplification of News Stories—0
A Tagging Approach to Identify Complex Constituents for Text Simplification—0
Computational considerations of comparisons and similes—0
A Comparison of Techniques to Automatically Identify Complex Words.—0
Sentence Compression with Joint Structural Inference—0
The C-Score -- Proposing a Reading Comprehension Metrics as a Common Evaluation Measure for Text Simplification—0
Building a German/Simple German Parallel Corpus for Automatic Text Simplification—0
Simple, readable sub-sentences—0
ParaQuery: Making Sense of Paraphrase Collections—0
Towards Robust Abstractive Multi-Document Summarization: A Caseframe Analysis of Centrality and Domain—0
Improving Text Simplification Language Modeling Using Unsimplified Text Data—0
Uses of Monolingual In-Domain Corpora for Cross-Domain Adaptation with Hybrid MT Approaches—0
Sentence Simplification as Tree Transduction—0
A System for the Simplification of Numerical Expressions at Different Levels of Understandability—0
Assessing Chinese Readability using Term Frequency and Lexical Chain—0
Statistical Machine Translation with Readability Constraints—0
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All datasetsTurkCorpusASSETNewselaPWKP / WikiSmallDEplain-APA-docDEplain-web-docEurekaAlertDEplain-APA-sentDEplain-web-sentWikiLargeFRWiki-Auto + Turk

Benchmark Results

#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1GPT-175B (6 SARI-selected examples, high/low)SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)43.46—Unverified
2MUSS (BART+ACCESS Supervised)SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)42.53—Unverified
3Control Prefixes (BART)SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)42.32—Unverified
4TSTSARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)41.46—Unverified
5ACCESSSARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)41.38—Unverified
6MUSS (BART+ACCESS Unsupervised)SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)40.85—Unverified
7DMASS-DCSSSARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)40.45—Unverified
8SBMT-SARISARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)39.56—Unverified
9EditNTSSARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)38.22—Unverified
10PBMT-RSARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)38.04—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1GPT-175B (15 SARI-selected examples, random ordering)BLEU73.92—Unverified
2MUSS (BART+ACCESS Supervised)BLEU72.98—Unverified
3Control Prefixes (BART)SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)43.58—Unverified
4TSTSARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)43.21—Unverified
5MUSS (BART+ACCESS Unsupervised)SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)42.65—Unverified
6ACCESSSARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)40.13—Unverified
7DMASS-DCSSSARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)38.67—Unverified
8Dress-LSSARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)36.59—Unverified
9UNTS (Unsupervised)SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)35.19—Unverified
10PBMT-RSARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)34.63—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1CRF Alignment + TransformerSARI36.6—Unverified
2Pointer + Multi-task Entailment and Paraphrase GenerationSARI33.22—Unverified
3EditNTSSARI31.41—Unverified
4S2S-Cluster-FASARI30.73—Unverified
5Edit-Unsup-TSSARI30.44—Unverified
6NSELSTM-SSARI29.58—Unverified
7NSELSTM-BSARI27.42—Unverified
8DRESSSARI27.37—Unverified
9DMASS + DCSSSARI27.28—Unverified
10DRESS-LSSARI26.63—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1NSELSTM-BBLEU53.42—Unverified
2TSTSARI44.67—Unverified
3UNSUPBLEU38.47—Unverified
4DRESS-LSBLEU36.32—Unverified
5DRESSBLEU34.53—Unverified
6EditNTSSARI32.35—Unverified
7NSELSTM-SBLEU29.72—Unverified
8Pointer + Multi-task Entailment and Paraphrase GenerationBLEU27.23—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc)SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)44.56—Unverified
2long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc & DEplain-web-doc)SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)42.86—Unverified
3long-mBART (trained on DEplain-web-doc)SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)35.02—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc & DEplain-web-doc)SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)49.75—Unverified
2long-mBART (trained on DEplain-web-doc)SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)49.58—Unverified
3long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc)SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)43.09—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1SATSSARI40.83—Unverified
2MedTSS-BART (Without Training)Rouge135.17—Unverified
3HTSSRouge121.94—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent & DEplain-web-sent)SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)34.9—Unverified
2mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent)SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)34.82—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent & DEplain-web-sent)SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)34.83—Unverified
2mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent)SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)30.87—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1mT5 (fine-tuned on MULTI-SIM)SARI39.23—Unverified
2LSTMSARI39.05—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1BART (TextBox 2.0)BLEU-490.81—Unverified