Text Simplification

Text Simplification is the task of reducing the complexity of the vocabulary and sentence structure of text while retaining its original meaning, with the goal of improving readability and understanding. Simplification has a variety of important societal applications, for example increasing accessibility for those with cognitive disabilities such as aphasia, dyslexia, and autism, or for non-native speakers and children with reading difficulties.

Source: Multilingual Unsupervised Sentence Simplification

Papers

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Showing 101–125 of 468 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status
Assisted Lexical Simplification for French Native Children with Reading Difficulties	Nov 1, 2018	Lexical SimplificationText Simplification	—Unverified
Collecting and Exploring Everyday Language for Predicting Psycholinguistic Properties of Words	Dec 1, 2016	Text Simplification	—Unverified
Combining Multiple Corpora for Readability Assessment for People with Cognitive Disabilities	Sep 1, 2017	Text Simplification	—Unverified
Combining Paraphrase Pre-trained Model and Controllable Rules for Unsupervised Sentence Simplification	Nov 16, 2021	SentenceText Simplification	—Unverified
CombiNMT: An Exploration into Neural Text Simplification Models	May 1, 2020	Text Simplification	—Unverified
Comparing human versus automatic feature extraction for fine-grained elementary readability assessment	Jun 1, 2012	Optical Character Recognition (OCR)Text Simplification	—Unverified
A Syntax-Aware Edit-based System for Text Simplification	Sep 1, 2021	SentenceText Simplification	—Unverified
Explainable Prediction of Text Complexity: The Missing Preliminaries for Text Simplification	Jul 31, 2020	FairnessText Simplification	—Unverified
A System for the Simplification of Numerical Expressions at Different Levels of Understandability	Jun 1, 2013	Text Simplification	—Unverified
Complex Word Identification Based on Frequency in a Learner Corpus	Jun 1, 2018	Complex Word IdentificationLexical Simplification	—Unverified
Complex Word Identification: Convolutional Neural Network vs. Feature Engineering	Jun 1, 2018	Complex Word IdentificationFeature Engineering	—Unverified
Complex Word Identification in Vietnamese: Towards Vietnamese Text Simplification	Jul 1, 2022	Complex Word IdentificationLexical Simplification	—Unverified
Computational considerations of comparisons and similes	Aug 1, 2013	Text Simplification	—Unverified
Context-Aware Automatic Text Simplification of Health Materials in Low-Resource Domains	Nov 1, 2020	Text Simplification	—Unverified
A Preliminary Study of Statistically Predictive Syntactic Complexity Features and Manual Simplifications in Basque	Dec 1, 2016	Text Simplification	—Unverified
Cross-Sentence Transformations in Text Simplification	Aug 1, 2019	SentenceText Simplification	—Unverified
A Lightweight Regression Method to Infer Psycholinguistic Properties for Brazilian Portuguese	May 19, 2017	regressionText Simplification	—Unverified
A Comparison of Techniques to Automatically Identify Complex Words.	Aug 1, 2013	Lexical SimplificationMachine Translation	—Unverified
Controllable Text Simplification with Explicit Paraphrasing	Oct 21, 2020	Data AugmentationText Simplification	—Unverified
Controllable Text Simplification with Lexical Constraint Loss	Jul 1, 2019	SentenceText Simplification	—Unverified
Automated Text Simplification as a Preprocessing Step for Machine Translation into an Under-resourced Language	Sep 1, 2019	Machine TranslationNMT	—Unverified
A model to predict lexical complexity and to grade words (Un mod\`ele pour pr\'edire la complexit\'e lexicale et graduer les mots) [in French]	Jul 1, 2014	Morphological AnalysisText Simplification	—Unverified
Coreference-Based Text Simplification	May 1, 2020	coreference-resolutionCoreference Resolution	—Unverified
Creating an Aligned Russian Text Simplification Dataset from Language Learner Data	Apr 1, 2021	Text Simplification	—Unverified
Creating and using large monolingual parallel corpora for sentential paraphrase generation	May 1, 2014	Language ModellingMachine Translation	—Unverified

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All datasets TurkCorpus ASSET Newsela PWKP / WikiSmall DEplain-APA-doc DEplain-web-doc EurekaAlert DEplain-APA-sent DEplain-web-sent WikiLargeFR Wiki-Auto + Turk

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	GPT-175B (6 SARI-selected examples, high/low)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	43.46	—	Unverified
2	MUSS (BART+ACCESS Supervised)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	42.53	—	Unverified
3	Control Prefixes (BART)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	42.32	—	Unverified
4	TST	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	41.46	—	Unverified
5	ACCESS	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	41.38	—	Unverified
6	MUSS (BART+ACCESS Unsupervised)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	40.85	—	Unverified
7	DMASS-DCSS	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	40.45	—	Unverified
8	SBMT-SARI	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	39.56	—	Unverified
9	EditNTS	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	38.22	—	Unverified
10	PBMT-R	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	38.04	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	GPT-175B (15 SARI-selected examples, random ordering)	BLEU	73.92	—	Unverified
2	MUSS (BART+ACCESS Supervised)	BLEU	72.98	—	Unverified
3	Control Prefixes (BART)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	43.58	—	Unverified
4	TST	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	43.21	—	Unverified
5	MUSS (BART+ACCESS Unsupervised)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	42.65	—	Unverified
6	ACCESS	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	40.13	—	Unverified
7	DMASS-DCSS	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	38.67	—	Unverified
8	Dress-LS	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	36.59	—	Unverified
9	UNTS (Unsupervised)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	35.19	—	Unverified
10	PBMT-R	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	34.63	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CRF Alignment + Transformer	SARI	36.6	—	Unverified
2	Pointer + Multi-task Entailment and Paraphrase Generation	SARI	33.22	—	Unverified
3	EditNTS	SARI	31.41	—	Unverified
4	S2S-Cluster-FA	SARI	30.73	—	Unverified
5	Edit-Unsup-TS	SARI	30.44	—	Unverified
6	NSELSTM-S	SARI	29.58	—	Unverified
7	NSELSTM-B	SARI	27.42	—	Unverified
8	DRESS	SARI	27.37	—	Unverified
9	DMASS + DCSS	SARI	27.28	—	Unverified
10	DRESS-LS	SARI	26.63	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	NSELSTM-B	BLEU	53.42	—	Unverified
2	TST	SARI	44.67	—	Unverified
3	UNSUP	BLEU	38.47	—	Unverified
4	DRESS-LS	BLEU	36.32	—	Unverified
5	DRESS	BLEU	34.53	—	Unverified
6	EditNTS	SARI	32.35	—	Unverified
7	NSELSTM-S	BLEU	29.72	—	Unverified
8	Pointer + Multi-task Entailment and Paraphrase Generation	BLEU	27.23	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	44.56	—	Unverified
2	long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc & DEplain-web-doc)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	42.86	—	Unverified
3	long-mBART (trained on DEplain-web-doc)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	35.02	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc & DEplain-web-doc)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	49.75	—	Unverified
2	long-mBART (trained on DEplain-web-doc)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	49.58	—	Unverified
3	long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	43.09	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	SATS	SARI	40.83	—	Unverified
2	MedTSS-BART (Without Training)	Rouge1	35.17	—	Unverified
3	HTSS	Rouge1	21.94	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent & DEplain-web-sent)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	34.9	—	Unverified
2	mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	34.82	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent & DEplain-web-sent)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	34.83	—	Unverified
2	mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	30.87	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	mT5 (fine-tuned on MULTI-SIM)	SARI	39.23	—	Unverified
2	LSTM	SARI	39.05	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BART (TextBox 2.0)	BLEU-4	90.81	—	Unverified