Text Simplification

Text Simplification is the task of reducing the complexity of the vocabulary and sentence structure of text while retaining its original meaning, with the goal of improving readability and understanding. Simplification has a variety of important societal applications, for example increasing accessibility for those with cognitive disabilities such as aphasia, dyslexia, and autism, or for non-native speakers and children with reading difficulties.

Source: Multilingual Unsupervised Sentence Simplification

Papers

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Showing 26–50 of 468 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype
Neural semi-Markov CRF for Monolingual Word Alignment	Jun 4, 2021	Paraphrase GenerationSentence	CodeCode Available	1
LENS: A Learnable Evaluation Metric for Text Simplification	Dec 19, 2022	Machine TranslationText Simplification	CodeCode Available	1
Benchmarking large language models for biomedical natural language processing applications and recommendations	May 10, 2023	BenchmarkingDocument Classification	CodeCode Available	1
Keep it Simple: Unsupervised Simplification of Multi-Paragraph Text	Jul 7, 2021	Reading ComprehensionText Simplification	CodeCode Available	1
Felix: Flexible Text Editing Through Tagging and Insertion	Mar 24, 2020	Automatic Post-EditingLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	1
Iterative Edit-Based Unsupervised Sentence Simplification	Jun 17, 2020	SentenceText Simplification	CodeCode Available	1
AutoMeTS: The Autocomplete for Medical Text Simplification	Oct 20, 2020	SentenceText Simplification	CodeCode Available	1
CEFR-Based Sentence Difficulty Annotation and Assessment	Oct 21, 2022	SentenceText Simplification	CodeCode Available	1
CoEdIT: Text Editing by Task-Specific Instruction Tuning	May 17, 2023	Formality Style TransferGrammatical Error Correction	CodeCode Available	1
An Imitation Learning Curriculum for Text Editing with Non-Autoregressive Models	Mar 17, 2022	Abstractive Text SummarizationImitation Learning	—Unverified	0
An Experimental Study of LSTM Encoder-Decoder Model for Text Simplification	Sep 13, 2016	DecoderSentence	—Unverified	0
Aligning Sentences from Standard Wikipedia to Simple Wikipedia	May 1, 2015	ArticlesLanguage Acquisition	—Unverified	0
A Lightweight Regression Method to Infer Psycholinguistic Properties for Brazilian Portuguese	May 19, 2017	regressionText Simplification	—Unverified	0
An Evaluation of Binary Comparative Lexical Complexity Models	Jul 1, 2022	Lexical Complexity PredictionSentence	—Unverified	0
A Deeper Exploration of the Standard PB-SMT Approach to Text Simplification and its Evaluation	Jul 1, 2015	Machine TranslationText Simplification	—Unverified	0
A Corpus for Automatic Readability Assessment and Text Simplification of German	Sep 19, 2019	BIG-bench Machine LearningText Simplification	—Unverified	0
Explainable Prediction of Text Complexity: The Missing Preliminaries for Text Simplification	Jul 31, 2020	FairnessText Simplification	—Unverified	0
An Analysis of Crowdsourced Text Simplifications	Apr 1, 2014	Machine TranslationText Simplification	—Unverified	0
A Leveled Reading Corpus of Modern Standard Arabic	May 1, 2018	Document ClassificationMachine Translation	—Unverified	0
An analysis of a French as a Foreign Language Corpus for Readability Assessment	Nov 1, 2014	Machine TranslationText Simplification	—Unverified	0
Assessing the Readability of Sentences: Which Corpora and Features?	Jun 1, 2014	Language ModellingText Simplification	—Unverified	0
Assessing Conformance of Manually Simplified Corpora with User Requirements: the Case of Autistic Readers	Aug 1, 2014	Reading ComprehensionText Simplification	—Unverified	0
Analysing Zero-Shot Readability-Controlled Sentence Simplification	Sep 30, 2024	SentenceText Simplification	—Unverified	0
Assessing the relative reading level of sentence pairs for text simplification	Apr 1, 2014	SentenceText Simplification	—Unverified	0
Alector: A Parallel Corpus of Simplified French Texts with Alignments of Misreadings by Poor and Dyslexic Readers	May 1, 2020	Text Simplification	—Unverified	0

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All datasets TurkCorpus ASSET Newsela PWKP / WikiSmall DEplain-APA-doc DEplain-web-doc EurekaAlert DEplain-APA-sent DEplain-web-sent WikiLargeFR Wiki-Auto + Turk

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	GPT-175B (6 SARI-selected examples, high/low)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	43.46	—	Unverified
2	MUSS (BART+ACCESS Supervised)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	42.53	—	Unverified
3	Control Prefixes (BART)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	42.32	—	Unverified
4	TST	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	41.46	—	Unverified
5	ACCESS	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	41.38	—	Unverified
6	MUSS (BART+ACCESS Unsupervised)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	40.85	—	Unverified
7	DMASS-DCSS	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	40.45	—	Unverified
8	SBMT-SARI	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	39.56	—	Unverified
9	EditNTS	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	38.22	—	Unverified
10	PBMT-R	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	38.04	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	GPT-175B (15 SARI-selected examples, random ordering)	BLEU	73.92	—	Unverified
2	MUSS (BART+ACCESS Supervised)	BLEU	72.98	—	Unverified
3	Control Prefixes (BART)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	43.58	—	Unverified
4	TST	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	43.21	—	Unverified
5	MUSS (BART+ACCESS Unsupervised)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	42.65	—	Unverified
6	ACCESS	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	40.13	—	Unverified
7	DMASS-DCSS	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	38.67	—	Unverified
8	Dress-LS	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	36.59	—	Unverified
9	UNTS (Unsupervised)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	35.19	—	Unverified
10	PBMT-R	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	34.63	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CRF Alignment + Transformer	SARI	36.6	—	Unverified
2	Pointer + Multi-task Entailment and Paraphrase Generation	SARI	33.22	—	Unverified
3	EditNTS	SARI	31.41	—	Unverified
4	S2S-Cluster-FA	SARI	30.73	—	Unverified
5	Edit-Unsup-TS	SARI	30.44	—	Unverified
6	NSELSTM-S	SARI	29.58	—	Unverified
7	NSELSTM-B	SARI	27.42	—	Unverified
8	DRESS	SARI	27.37	—	Unverified
9	DMASS + DCSS	SARI	27.28	—	Unverified
10	DRESS-LS	SARI	26.63	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	NSELSTM-B	BLEU	53.42	—	Unverified
2	TST	SARI	44.67	—	Unverified
3	UNSUP	BLEU	38.47	—	Unverified
4	DRESS-LS	BLEU	36.32	—	Unverified
5	DRESS	BLEU	34.53	—	Unverified
6	EditNTS	SARI	32.35	—	Unverified
7	NSELSTM-S	BLEU	29.72	—	Unverified
8	Pointer + Multi-task Entailment and Paraphrase Generation	BLEU	27.23	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	44.56	—	Unverified
2	long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc & DEplain-web-doc)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	42.86	—	Unverified
3	long-mBART (trained on DEplain-web-doc)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	35.02	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc & DEplain-web-doc)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	49.75	—	Unverified
2	long-mBART (trained on DEplain-web-doc)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	49.58	—	Unverified
3	long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	43.09	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	SATS	SARI	40.83	—	Unverified
2	MedTSS-BART (Without Training)	Rouge1	35.17	—	Unverified
3	HTSS	Rouge1	21.94	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent & DEplain-web-sent)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	34.9	—	Unverified
2	mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	34.82	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent & DEplain-web-sent)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	34.83	—	Unverified
2	mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent)	SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1)	30.87	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	mT5 (fine-tuned on MULTI-SIM)	SARI	39.23	—	Unverified
2	LSTM	SARI	39.05	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BART (TextBox 2.0)	BLEU-4	90.81	—	Unverified