Text Generation

Text Generation is the task of generating text with the goal of appearing indistinguishable to human-written text. This task is more formally known as "natural language generation" in the literature.

Text generation can be addressed with Markov processes or deep generative models like LSTMs. Recently, some of the most advanced methods for text generation include BART, GPT and other GAN-based approaches. Text generation systems are evaluated either through human ratings or automatic evaluation metrics like METEOR, ROUGE, and BLEU.

Papers

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Showing 2001–2025 of 5335 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Score
Generating Diverse Descriptions from Semantic Graphs	Aug 12, 2021	DecoderDiversity	CodeCode Available	5
Generating Narrative Text in a Switching Dynamical System	Apr 8, 2020	Text Generation	CodeCode Available	5
Generating Text from Uniform Meaning Representation	Feb 17, 2025	Abstract Meaning RepresentationAMR-to-Text Generation	CodeCode Available	5
Generalized Supervised Attention for Text Generation	Aug 1, 2021	Text Generation	CodeCode Available	5
Generalized Tuning of Distributional Word Vectors for Monolingual and Cross-Lingual Lexical Entailment	Jul 1, 2019	Lexical EntailmentRelation	CodeCode Available	5
Gender Biases in Automatic Evaluation Metrics for Image Captioning	May 24, 2023	FairnessImage Captioning	CodeCode Available	5
Generalizing Reward Modeling for Out-of-Distribution Preference Learning	Feb 22, 2024	Bilevel OptimizationMeta-Learning	CodeCode Available	5
WeCheck: Strong Factual Consistency Checker via Weakly Supervised Learning	Dec 20, 2022	Natural Language InferenceQuestion Answering	CodeCode Available	5
Concept-Level Explainability for Auditing & Steering LLM Responses	May 12, 2025	Prompt EngineeringSemantic Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
What Comes Next? Evaluating Uncertainty in Neural Text Generators Against Human Production Variability	May 19, 2023	Text Generation	CodeCode Available	5
A Tale of Trust and Accuracy: Base vs. Instruct LLMs in RAG Systems	Jun 21, 2024	RAGRetrieval	CodeCode Available	5
Communication-based Evaluation for Natural Language Generation	Sep 16, 2019	Text Generation	CodeCode Available	5
Generate, Filter, and Rank: Grammaticality Classification for Production-Ready NLG Systems	Apr 5, 2019	ClassificationGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	5
Fùxì: A Benchmark for Evaluating Language Models on Ancient Chinese Text Understanding and Generation	Mar 20, 2025	Multiple-choiceText Generation	CodeCode Available	5
GanLM: Encoder-Decoder Pre-training with an Auxiliary Discriminator	Dec 20, 2022	DecoderDenoising	CodeCode Available	5
A Systematic Study of Knowledge Distillation for Natural Language Generation with Pseudo-Target Training	May 3, 2023	Knowledge DistillationText Generation	CodeCode Available	5
Compositional Image Retrieval via Instruction-Aware Contrastive Learning	Dec 7, 2024	Contrastive LearningImage Retrieval	CodeCode Available	5
Whose Side Are You On? Investigating the Political Stance of Large Language Models	Mar 15, 2024	FairnessInformation Retrieval	CodeCode Available	5
Generating Text through Adversarial Training using Skip-Thought Vectors	Aug 27, 2018	Conditional Text GenerationLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	5
WikiGraphs: A Wikipedia Text - Knowledge Graph Paired Dataset	Jul 20, 2021	ArticlesConditional Text Generation	CodeCode Available	5
GreekBART: The First Pretrained Greek Sequence-to-Sequence Model	Apr 3, 2023	Natural Language InferenceText Generation	CodeCode Available	5
PluGeN: Multi-Label Conditional Generation From Pre-Trained Models	Sep 18, 2021	AttributeText Generation	CodeCode Available	5
Compositional Generalization for Data-to-Text Generation	Dec 5, 2023	Data-to-Text GenerationSentence	—Unverified	0
How Does Knowledge Selection Help Retrieval Augmented Generation?	Oct 17, 2024	RAGRetrieval	—Unverified	0
Composed Variational Natural Language Generation for Few-shot Intents	Sep 21, 2020	Intent DetectionText Generation	—Unverified	0

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All datasets DART COCO Captions EMNLP2017 WMT ReDial CommonGen ROCStories Chinese Poems Czech restaurant information OpenWebText SciQ Yahoo Questions ADGEN

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	T5B Baseline	BLEU	48.74	—	Unverified
2	FactT5B	BLEU	48.37	—	Unverified
3	JointGT Baseline	BLEU	47.51	—	Unverified
4	FactJointGT	BLEU	47.39	—	Unverified
5	Control Prefixes (T5-large)	METEOR	0.41	—	Unverified
6	T5	METEOR	0.12	—	Unverified
7	BART	METEOR	0.11	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LeakGAN	BLEU-2	0.95	—	Unverified
2	partGAN	BLEU-2	0.91	—	Unverified
3	RankGAN	BLEU-2	0.85	—	Unverified
4	RelGAN (100)	BLEU-2	0.85	—	Unverified
5	SeqGAN	BLEU-2	0.83	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LeakGAN	BLEU-2	0.96	—	Unverified
2	PPOGAN	BLEU-2	0.91	—	Unverified
3	RelGAN	BLEU-2	0.88	—	Unverified
4	SeqGAN	BLEU-2	0.86	—	Unverified
5	RankGAN	BLEU-2	0.78	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	UniCRS	Distinct-3	0.65	—	Unverified
2	CRFR	Distinct-3	0.52	—	Unverified
3	KGSF	Distinct-3	0.43	—	Unverified
4	C2CRS	Distinct-3	0.33	—	Unverified
5	KBRD	Distinct-3	0.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	UniLM	CIDEr	14.92	—	Unverified
2	BART (TextBox 2.0)	CIDEr	12.98	—	Unverified
3	BART	METEOR	0.3	—	Unverified
4	T5	METEOR	0.29	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Beam search + A*esque (sample)	BLEU-1	34.4	—	Unverified
2	Beam search + A*esque (beam)	BLEU-1	34.4	—	Unverified
3	Beam search + A*esque (greedy)	BLEU-1	34.3	—	Unverified
4	Beam search	BLEU-1	33.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RankGAN	BLEU-2	0.81	—	Unverified
2	SeqGAN	BLEU-2	0.74	—	Unverified
3	LeakGAN	BLEU-2	0.46	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TGen++	METEOR	0.17	—	Unverified
2	TGen	METEOR	0.15	—	Unverified
3	TGen+	METEOR	0.15	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	GPT2-124M	eval_loss	3.12	—	Unverified
2	GPT2-81M-LOOP	eval_loss	3.11	—	Unverified
3	GPT2-Hermite	eval_loss	2.91	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LLaMA-65B+CFG (zero-shot)	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	LLaMA-30B+CFG (zero-shot)	Accuracy	96.4	—	Unverified
3	LLaMA-13B+CFG (zero-shot)	Accuracy	95.1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CNN-VAE	NLL	332.1	—	Unverified
2	SA-VAE	NLL	327.5	—	Unverified
3	Aggressive VAE	NLL	326.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BART (TextBox 2.0)	BLEU-4	10.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	STWGAN-GP	BLEU-3	0.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	PALM	ROUGE-L	41.41	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BART (TextBox 2.0)	ROUGE-L	64.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	AEM+Attention	BLEU-1	14.17	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	GPT-4	ASR	65.1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BART (TextBox 2.0)	ROUGE-L	42.96	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Graph2Seq	BLEU	22	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	WGANGP + DGflow	JS-4	0.19	—	Unverified