Text Generation

Text Generation is the task of generating text with the goal of appearing indistinguishable to human-written text. This task is more formally known as "natural language generation" in the literature.

Text generation can be addressed with Markov processes or deep generative models like LSTMs. Recently, some of the most advanced methods for text generation include BART, GPT and other GAN-based approaches. Text generation systems are evaluated either through human ratings or automatic evaluation metrics like METEOR, ROUGE, and BLEU.

Papers

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Showing 3951–3975 of 5335 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status
Collective Generation of Natural Image Descriptions	Jul 1, 2012	Text Generation	—Unverified
Collocation2Text: Controllable Text Generation from Guide Phrases in Russian	Jun 18, 2022	ArticlesText Generation	—Unverified
Combinatorics vs Grammar: Archeology of Computational Poetry in Tape Mark I	Sep 1, 2016	Text Generation	—Unverified
Combining Constraint Programming Reasoning with Large Language Model Predictions	Jul 18, 2024	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	—Unverified
Combining Incremental Language Generation and Incremental Speech Synthesis for Adaptive Information Presentation	Jul 1, 2012	Speech SynthesisSpoken Dialogue Systems	—Unverified
Combining Intra- and Multi-sentential Rhetorical Parsing for Document-level Discourse Analysis	Aug 1, 2013	Question AnsweringSentence Compression	—Unverified
Combining Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models	Jul 9, 2024	Knowledge GraphsText Generation	—Unverified
Combining Referring Expression Generation and Surface Realization: A Corpus-Based Investigation of Architectures	Aug 1, 2013	Referring ExpressionReferring expression generation	—Unverified
Comparative Analysis of CHATGPT and the evolution of language models	Mar 28, 2023	Machine TranslationQuestion Answering	—Unverified
Comparative Study of Sentence Embeddings for Contextual Paraphrasing	May 1, 2020	ClusteringSentence	—Unverified
Comparing Abstractive Summaries Generated by ChatGPT to Real Summaries Through Blinded Reviewers and Text Classification Algorithms	Mar 30, 2023	Abstractive Text Summarizationtext-classification	—Unverified
Comparing Automatic Evaluation Measures for Image Description	Jun 1, 2014	Image DescriptionSlot Filling	—Unverified
Comparing BERT-based Reward Functions for Deep Reinforcement Learning in Machine Translation	Oct 1, 2022	Deep Reinforcement LearningMachine Translation	—Unverified
Comparing Computational Architectures for Automated Journalism	Oct 8, 2022	Data-to-Text GenerationHallucination	—Unverified
Comparing Grammatical Theories of Code-Mixing	Nov 1, 2021	speech-recognitionSpeech Recognition	—Unverified
Comparing HMMs and Bayesian Networks for Surface Realisation	Jun 1, 2012	Decision MakingHierarchical Reinforcement Learning	—Unverified
Comparing the Template-Based Approach to GF: the case of Afrikaans	Sep 1, 2016	Text Generation	—Unverified
Compilable Neural Code Generation with Compiler Feedback	Mar 10, 2022	Code CompletionCode Generation	—Unverified
Complete Chess Games Enable LLM Become A Chess Master	Jan 26, 2025	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	—Unverified
Composed Variational Natural Language Generation for Few-shot Intents	Sep 21, 2020	Intent DetectionText Generation	—Unverified
Compositional Generalization for Data-to-Text Generation	Dec 5, 2023	Data-to-Text GenerationSentence	—Unverified
Comprehension Driven Document Planning in Natural Language Generation Systems	Nov 1, 2018	Text Generation	—Unverified
Compressed and Smooth Latent Space for Text Diffusion Modeling	Jun 26, 2025	Question GenerationQuestion-Generation	—Unverified
Compressing KV Cache for Long-Context LLM Inference with Inter-Layer Attention Similarity	Dec 3, 2024	Text Generation	—Unverified
Compression, Transduction, and Creation: A Unified Framework for Evaluating Natural Language Generation	Jun 20, 2021	Style TransferText Generation	—Unverified

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All datasets DART COCO Captions EMNLP2017 WMT ReDial CommonGen ROCStories Chinese Poems Czech restaurant information OpenWebText SciQ Yahoo Questions ADGEN

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	T5B Baseline	BLEU	48.74	—	Unverified
2	FactT5B	BLEU	48.37	—	Unverified
3	JointGT Baseline	BLEU	47.51	—	Unverified
4	FactJointGT	BLEU	47.39	—	Unverified
5	Control Prefixes (T5-large)	METEOR	0.41	—	Unverified
6	T5	METEOR	0.12	—	Unverified
7	BART	METEOR	0.11	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LeakGAN	BLEU-2	0.95	—	Unverified
2	partGAN	BLEU-2	0.91	—	Unverified
3	RankGAN	BLEU-2	0.85	—	Unverified
4	RelGAN (100)	BLEU-2	0.85	—	Unverified
5	SeqGAN	BLEU-2	0.83	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LeakGAN	BLEU-2	0.96	—	Unverified
2	PPOGAN	BLEU-2	0.91	—	Unverified
3	RelGAN	BLEU-2	0.88	—	Unverified
4	SeqGAN	BLEU-2	0.86	—	Unverified
5	RankGAN	BLEU-2	0.78	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	UniCRS	Distinct-3	0.65	—	Unverified
2	CRFR	Distinct-3	0.52	—	Unverified
3	KGSF	Distinct-3	0.43	—	Unverified
4	C2CRS	Distinct-3	0.33	—	Unverified
5	KBRD	Distinct-3	0.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	UniLM	CIDEr	14.92	—	Unverified
2	BART (TextBox 2.0)	CIDEr	12.98	—	Unverified
3	BART	METEOR	0.3	—	Unverified
4	T5	METEOR	0.29	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Beam search + A*esque (beam)	BLEU-1	34.4	—	Unverified
2	Beam search + A*esque (sample)	BLEU-1	34.4	—	Unverified
3	Beam search + A*esque (greedy)	BLEU-1	34.3	—	Unverified
4	Beam search	BLEU-1	33.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RankGAN	BLEU-2	0.81	—	Unverified
2	SeqGAN	BLEU-2	0.74	—	Unverified
3	LeakGAN	BLEU-2	0.46	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TGen++	METEOR	0.17	—	Unverified
2	TGen	METEOR	0.15	—	Unverified
3	TGen+	METEOR	0.15	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	GPT2-124M	eval_loss	3.12	—	Unverified
2	GPT2-81M-LOOP	eval_loss	3.11	—	Unverified
3	GPT2-Hermite	eval_loss	2.91	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LLaMA-65B+CFG (zero-shot)	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	LLaMA-30B+CFG (zero-shot)	Accuracy	96.4	—	Unverified
3	LLaMA-13B+CFG (zero-shot)	Accuracy	95.1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CNN-VAE	NLL	332.1	—	Unverified
2	SA-VAE	NLL	327.5	—	Unverified
3	Aggressive VAE	NLL	326.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BART (TextBox 2.0)	BLEU-4	10.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	STWGAN-GP	BLEU-3	0.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	PALM	ROUGE-L	41.41	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BART (TextBox 2.0)	ROUGE-L	64.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	AEM+Attention	BLEU-1	14.17	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	GPT-4	ASR	65.1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BART (TextBox 2.0)	ROUGE-L	42.96	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Graph2Seq	BLEU	22	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	WGANGP + DGflow	JS-4	0.19	—	Unverified