Text Generation

Text Generation is the task of generating text with the goal of appearing indistinguishable to human-written text. This task is more formally known as "natural language generation" in the literature.

Text generation can be addressed with Markov processes or deep generative models like LSTMs. Recently, some of the most advanced methods for text generation include BART, GPT and other GAN-based approaches. Text generation systems are evaluated either through human ratings or automatic evaluation metrics like METEOR, ROUGE, and BLEU.

Papers

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Showing 1151–1160 of 5335 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status
A Survey of Knowledge Enhanced Pre-trained Language Models	Nov 11, 2022	Natural Language UnderstandingRetrieval	—Unverified
AIwriting: Relations Between Image Generation and Digital Writing	May 18, 2023	Image GenerationText Generation	—Unverified
Privacy-Preserving In-Context Learning for Large Language Models	May 2, 2023	In-Context LearningPrivacy Preserving	—Unverified
COFFEE: Counterfactual Fairness for Personalized Text Generation in Explainable Recommendation	Oct 14, 2022	counterfactualCounterfactual Inference	—Unverified
A Survey of Evaluation Metrics Used for NLG Systems	Aug 27, 2020	Image Captioningnlg evaluation	—Unverified
Code-Switching Text Generation and Injection in Mandarin-English ASR	Mar 20, 2023	Automatic Speech RecognitionAutomatic Speech Recognition (ASR)	—Unverified
Code-Switching Detection with Data-Augmented Acoustic and Language Models	Jul 28, 2018	Automatic Speech RecognitionAutomatic Speech Recognition (ASR)	—Unverified
A Survey of Controllable Text Generation using Transformer-based Pre-trained Language Models	Jan 14, 2022	Text Generation	—Unverified
AITA Generating Moral Judgements of the Crowd with Reasoning	Oct 21, 2023	EthicsNavigate	—Unverified
A Survey of Automatic Evaluation Methods on Text, Visual and Speech Generations	Jun 6, 2025	Audio GenerationText Generation	—Unverified

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All datasets DART COCO Captions EMNLP2017 WMT ReDial CommonGen ROCStories Chinese Poems Czech restaurant information OpenWebText SciQ Yahoo Questions ADGEN

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	T5B Baseline	BLEU	48.74	—	Unverified
2	FactT5B	BLEU	48.37	—	Unverified
3	JointGT Baseline	BLEU	47.51	—	Unverified
4	FactJointGT	BLEU	47.39	—	Unverified
5	Control Prefixes (T5-large)	METEOR	0.41	—	Unverified
6	T5	METEOR	0.12	—	Unverified
7	BART	METEOR	0.11	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LeakGAN	BLEU-2	0.95	—	Unverified
2	partGAN	BLEU-2	0.91	—	Unverified
3	RankGAN	BLEU-2	0.85	—	Unverified
4	RelGAN (100)	BLEU-2	0.85	—	Unverified
5	SeqGAN	BLEU-2	0.83	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LeakGAN	BLEU-2	0.96	—	Unverified
2	PPOGAN	BLEU-2	0.91	—	Unverified
3	RelGAN	BLEU-2	0.88	—	Unverified
4	SeqGAN	BLEU-2	0.86	—	Unverified
5	RankGAN	BLEU-2	0.78	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	UniCRS	Distinct-3	0.65	—	Unverified
2	CRFR	Distinct-3	0.52	—	Unverified
3	KGSF	Distinct-3	0.43	—	Unverified
4	C2CRS	Distinct-3	0.33	—	Unverified
5	KBRD	Distinct-3	0.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	UniLM	CIDEr	14.92	—	Unverified
2	BART (TextBox 2.0)	CIDEr	12.98	—	Unverified
3	BART	METEOR	0.3	—	Unverified
4	T5	METEOR	0.29	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Beam search + A*esque (beam)	BLEU-1	34.4	—	Unverified
2	Beam search + A*esque (sample)	BLEU-1	34.4	—	Unverified
3	Beam search + A*esque (greedy)	BLEU-1	34.3	—	Unverified
4	Beam search	BLEU-1	33.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RankGAN	BLEU-2	0.81	—	Unverified
2	SeqGAN	BLEU-2	0.74	—	Unverified
3	LeakGAN	BLEU-2	0.46	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TGen++	METEOR	0.17	—	Unverified
2	TGen	METEOR	0.15	—	Unverified
3	TGen+	METEOR	0.15	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	GPT2-124M	eval_loss	3.12	—	Unverified
2	GPT2-81M-LOOP	eval_loss	3.11	—	Unverified
3	GPT2-Hermite	eval_loss	2.91	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LLaMA-65B+CFG (zero-shot)	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	LLaMA-30B+CFG (zero-shot)	Accuracy	96.4	—	Unverified
3	LLaMA-13B+CFG (zero-shot)	Accuracy	95.1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CNN-VAE	NLL	332.1	—	Unverified
2	SA-VAE	NLL	327.5	—	Unverified
3	Aggressive VAE	NLL	326.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BART (TextBox 2.0)	BLEU-4	10.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	STWGAN-GP	BLEU-3	0.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	PALM	ROUGE-L	41.41	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BART (TextBox 2.0)	ROUGE-L	64.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	AEM+Attention	BLEU-1	14.17	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	GPT-4	ASR	65.1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BART (TextBox 2.0)	ROUGE-L	42.96	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Graph2Seq	BLEU	22	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	WGANGP + DGflow	JS-4	0.19	—	Unverified