Text Generation

Text Generation is the task of generating text with the goal of appearing indistinguishable to human-written text. This task is more formally known as "natural language generation" in the literature.

Text generation can be addressed with Markov processes or deep generative models like LSTMs. Recently, some of the most advanced methods for text generation include BART, GPT and other GAN-based approaches. Text generation systems are evaluated either through human ratings or automatic evaluation metrics like METEOR, ROUGE, and BLEU.

Papers

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Showing 2676–2700 of 5335 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status
SimpleNLG-TI: Adapting SimpleNLG to Tibetan	Dec 1, 2020	Text Generation	—Unverified
SimpleStyle: An Adaptable Style Transfer Approach	Dec 20, 2022	AttributeDenoising	—Unverified
SimpleVQA: Multimodal Factuality Evaluation for Multimodal Large Language Models	Feb 18, 2025	Image ComprehensionQuestion Answering	—Unverified
Simplifying Sentences with Sequence to Sequence Models	May 15, 2018	ArticlesStyle Transfer	—Unverified
Simpson's Bias in NLP Training	Mar 13, 2021	Multi-class ClassificationSentence	—Unverified
Simulated annealing for optimization of graphs and sequences	Oct 1, 2021	Paraphrase GenerationText Generation	—Unverified
'Since Lawyers are Males..': Examining Implicit Gender Bias in Hindi Language Generation by LLMs	Sep 20, 2024	Text Generation	—Unverified
Single Example Can Improve Zero-Shot Data Generation	Aug 1, 2021	intent-classificationIntent Classification	—Unverified
Sketch and Refine: Towards Faithful and Informative Table-to-Text Generation	May 31, 2021	DescriptiveTable-to-Text Generation	—Unverified
Sketch-to-Text Generation: Toward Contextual, Creative, and Coherent Composition	Sep 1, 2016	Image CaptioningSketch-to-text Generation	—Unverified
SkillNet-NLG: General-Purpose Natural Language Generation with a Sparsely Activated Approach	Apr 26, 2022	Multi-Task LearningText Generation	—Unverified
SkipDecode: Autoregressive Skip Decoding with Batching and Caching for Efficient LLM Inference	Jul 5, 2023	Text Generation	—Unverified
Skip-Thought GAN: Generating Text through Adversarial Training using Skip-Thought Vectors	Oct 16, 2018	Image GenerationSentence	—Unverified
Slot-consistent NLG for Task-oriented Dialogue Systems with Iterative Rectification Network	Jul 1, 2020	HallucinationTask-Oriented Dialogue Systems	—Unverified
Small But Funny: A Feedback-Driven Approach to Humor Distillation	Feb 28, 2024	Text Generation	—Unverified
Småprat: DialoGPT for Natural Language Generation of Swedish Dialogue by Transfer Learning	Oct 12, 2021	ChatbotLanguage Modeling	—Unverified
SMART: Sentences as Basic Units for Text Evaluation	Aug 1, 2022	SentenceText Generation	—Unverified
Smart To-Do : Automatic Generation of To-Do Items from Emails	May 5, 2020	ManagementText Generation	—Unverified
Smart To-Do: Automatic Generation of To-Do Items from Emails	Jul 1, 2020	ManagementText Generation	—Unverified
SMArT: Training Shallow Memory-aware Transformers for Robotic Explainability	Oct 7, 2019	Text GenerationVideo Captioning	—Unverified
Social Biases in Automatic Evaluation Metrics for NLG	Oct 17, 2022	SentenceSentence Embeddings	—Unverified
Some Theoretical Insights into Wasserstein GANs	Jun 4, 2020	Text Generation	—Unverified
Sometimes Painful but Certainly Promising: Feasibility and Trade-offs of Language Model Inference at the Edge	Mar 12, 2025	CPUGPU	—Unverified
Sonnet Generation by Training on Non-poetic Texts with Discourse-level Coherence and Poetic Features	Jan 16, 2022	Sonnet GenerationText Generation	—Unverified
Sounding Board: A User-Centric and Content-Driven Social Chatbot	Apr 26, 2018	ChatbotDialogue Management	—Unverified

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All datasets DART COCO Captions EMNLP2017 WMT ReDial CommonGen ROCStories Chinese Poems Czech restaurant information OpenWebText SciQ Yahoo Questions ADGEN

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	T5B Baseline	BLEU	48.74	—	Unverified
2	FactT5B	BLEU	48.37	—	Unverified
3	JointGT Baseline	BLEU	47.51	—	Unverified
4	FactJointGT	BLEU	47.39	—	Unverified
5	Control Prefixes (T5-large)	METEOR	0.41	—	Unverified
6	T5	METEOR	0.12	—	Unverified
7	BART	METEOR	0.11	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LeakGAN	BLEU-2	0.95	—	Unverified
2	partGAN	BLEU-2	0.91	—	Unverified
3	RankGAN	BLEU-2	0.85	—	Unverified
4	RelGAN (100)	BLEU-2	0.85	—	Unverified
5	SeqGAN	BLEU-2	0.83	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LeakGAN	BLEU-2	0.96	—	Unverified
2	PPOGAN	BLEU-2	0.91	—	Unverified
3	RelGAN	BLEU-2	0.88	—	Unverified
4	SeqGAN	BLEU-2	0.86	—	Unverified
5	RankGAN	BLEU-2	0.78	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	UniCRS	Distinct-3	0.65	—	Unverified
2	CRFR	Distinct-3	0.52	—	Unverified
3	KGSF	Distinct-3	0.43	—	Unverified
4	C2CRS	Distinct-3	0.33	—	Unverified
5	KBRD	Distinct-3	0.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	UniLM	CIDEr	14.92	—	Unverified
2	BART (TextBox 2.0)	CIDEr	12.98	—	Unverified
3	BART	METEOR	0.3	—	Unverified
4	T5	METEOR	0.29	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Beam search + A*esque (sample)	BLEU-1	34.4	—	Unverified
2	Beam search + A*esque (beam)	BLEU-1	34.4	—	Unverified
3	Beam search + A*esque (greedy)	BLEU-1	34.3	—	Unverified
4	Beam search	BLEU-1	33.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	RankGAN	BLEU-2	0.81	—	Unverified
2	SeqGAN	BLEU-2	0.74	—	Unverified
3	LeakGAN	BLEU-2	0.46	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TGen++	METEOR	0.17	—	Unverified
2	TGen	METEOR	0.15	—	Unverified
3	TGen+	METEOR	0.15	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	GPT2-124M	eval_loss	3.12	—	Unverified
2	GPT2-81M-LOOP	eval_loss	3.11	—	Unverified
3	GPT2-Hermite	eval_loss	2.91	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	LLaMA-65B+CFG (zero-shot)	Accuracy	96.6	—	Unverified
2	LLaMA-30B+CFG (zero-shot)	Accuracy	96.4	—	Unverified
3	LLaMA-13B+CFG (zero-shot)	Accuracy	95.1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CNN-VAE	NLL	332.1	—	Unverified
2	SA-VAE	NLL	327.5	—	Unverified
3	Aggressive VAE	NLL	326.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BART (TextBox 2.0)	BLEU-4	10.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	STWGAN-GP	BLEU-3	0.62	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	PALM	ROUGE-L	41.41	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BART (TextBox 2.0)	ROUGE-L	64.34	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	AEM+Attention	BLEU-1	14.17	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	GPT-4	ASR	65.1	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BART (TextBox 2.0)	ROUGE-L	42.96	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Graph2Seq	BLEU	22	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	WGANGP + DGflow	JS-4	0.19	—	Unverified