Slot Filling

The goal of Slot Filling is to identify from a running dialog different slots, which correspond to different parameters of the user’s query. For instance, when a user queries for nearby restaurants, key slots for location and preferred food are required for a dialog system to retrieve the appropriate information. Thus, the main challenge in the slot-filling task is to extract the target entity.

Source: Real-time On-Demand Crowd-powered Entity Extraction

Image credit: Robust Retrieval Augmented Generation for Zero-shot Slot Filling

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 176–200 of 458 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status
A Scope Sensitive and Result Attentive Model for Multi-Intent Spoken Language Understanding	Nov 22, 2022	Intent DetectionSemantic Frame Parsing	—Unverified
Building a Task-oriented Dialog System for Languages with no Training Data: the Case for Basque	May 1, 2020	ClassificationGeneral Classification	—Unverified
Group is better than individual: Exploiting Label Topologies and Label Relations for Joint Multiple Intent Detection and Slot Filling	Oct 19, 2022	Intent Detectionslot-filling	—Unverified
Event Linking with Sentential Features from Convolutional Neural Networks	Aug 1, 2016	Coreference ResolutionSlot Filling	—Unverified
HCLD: A Hierarchical Framework for Zero-shot Cross-lingual Dialogue System	Oct 1, 2022	Intent DetectionSentence	—Unverified
Combining Distant and Partial Supervision for Relation Extraction	Oct 1, 2014	Active LearningRelation	—Unverified
HierTOD: A Task-Oriented Dialogue System Driven by Hierarchical Goals	Nov 11, 2024	Dialogue ManagementManagement	—Unverified
Combining Supervised and Unsupervised Enembles for Knowledge Base Population	Nov 1, 2016	Entity LinkingKnowledge Base Population	—Unverified
HiTZ at VarDial 2025 NorSID: Overcoming Data Scarcity with Language Transfer and Automatic Data Annotation	Dec 13, 2024	Dialect IdentificationIntent Detection	—Unverified
How Does Beam Search improve Span-Level Confidence Estimation in Generative Sequence Labeling?	Dec 21, 2022	slot-fillingSlot Filling	—Unverified
Combining Word Feature Vector Method with the Convolutional Neural Network for Slot Filling in Spoken Language Understanding	Jun 18, 2018	Sentenceslot-filling	—Unverified
Hybrid Dialog State Tracker with ASR Features	Feb 21, 2017	dialog state trackingslot-filling	—Unverified
I^2KD-SLU: An Intra-Inter Knowledge Distillation Framework for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Spoken Language Understanding	Oct 4, 2023	Intent DetectionKnowledge Distillation	—Unverified
IBC-C: A Dataset for Armed Conflict Analysis	Aug 1, 2016	Named Entity Recognition (NER)Slot Filling	—Unverified
Comparing Automatic Evaluation Measures for Image Description	Jun 1, 2014	Image DescriptionSlot Filling	—Unverified
Event Extraction Using Distant Supervision	May 1, 2014	Event ExtractionKnowledge Base Population	—Unverified
Bridging the Gap Between Clean Data Training and Real-World Inference for Spoken Language Understanding	Apr 13, 2021	Automatic Speech RecognitionAutomatic Speech Recognition (ASR)	—Unverified
Impact Analysis of the Use of Speech and Language Models Pretrained by Self-Supersivion for Spoken Language Understanding	Jun 1, 2022	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	—Unverified
Impact of ASR N-Best Information on Bayesian Dialogue Act Recognition	Aug 1, 2013	Active LearningSlot Filling	—Unverified
Impact of Coreference Resolution on Slot Filling	Oct 26, 2017	coreference-resolutionCoreference Resolution	—Unverified
Improved NL2SQL based on Multi-layer Expert Network	Jun 30, 2023	ClassificationNatural Language Queries	—Unverified
Confidence Estimation for Knowledge Base Population	Sep 1, 2013	Knowledge Base PopulationMachine Translation	—Unverified
Improving End-to-End Speech Processing by Efficient Text Data Utilization with Latent Synthesis	Oct 9, 2023	Automatic Speech RecognitionAutomatic Speech Recognition (ASR)	—Unverified
Answer Extraction by Recursive Parse Tree Descent	Aug 1, 2013	Language ModellingQuestion Answering	—Unverified
Evaluation of Online Dialogue Policy Learning Techniques	May 1, 2012	Dialogue ManagementManagement	—Unverified

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All datasets KILT: Zero Shot RE KILT: T-REx MixSNIPS MixATIS ATIS SNIPS SLURP MASSIVE ATIS (vi)CAIS Dialogue State Tracking Challenge MULTIWOZ 2.2

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	single ngram	KILT-AC	73.2	—	Unverified
2	KGI_1	KILT-AC	72.31	—	Unverified
3	MetaRAG	KILT-AC	71.1	—	Unverified
4	KGI_0 (reupload)	KILT-AC	68.32	—	Unverified
5	Wikipedia	KILT-AC	67.2	—	Unverified
6	Multitask DPR + BART	KILT-AC	50.64	—	Unverified
7	10k	KILT-AC	41.34	—	Unverified
8	DensePhrases	KILT-AC	41.34	—	Unverified
9	RAG	KILT-AC	36.83	—	Unverified
10	Coop. Distil Bert	KILT-AC	34.13	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Re2G	KILT-AC	75.84	—	Unverified
2	KGI_1	KILT-AC	69.14	—	Unverified
3	Wikipedia	KILT-AC	64.64	—	Unverified
4	MetaRAG	KILT-AC	61.88	—	Unverified
5	single ngram	KILT-AC	60.08	—	Unverified
6	KGI_0 (reupload)	KILT-AC	55.54	—	Unverified
7	Coop. DistilBert	KILT-AC	36.68	—	Unverified
8	DensePhrases	KILT-AC	27.84	—	Unverified
9	10k	KILT-AC	27.84	—	Unverified
10	RAG	KILT-AC	23.12	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BiSLU	Micro F1	97.2	—	Unverified
2	SLIM (PACL)	Micro F1	96.8	—	Unverified
3	SLIM	Micro F1	96.5	—	Unverified
4	Uni-MIS	Micro F1	96.4	—	Unverified
5	TFMN	Micro F1	96.4	—	Unverified
6	TFMN (PACL)	Micro F1	96.3	—	Unverified
7	RoBERTa (PACL)	Micro F1	96.2	—	Unverified
8	DGIF	Micro F1	95.9	—	Unverified
9	SSRAN	Micro F1	95.8	—	Unverified
10	MISCA	Micro F1	95.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MISCA	Micro F1	90.5	—	Unverified
2	Co-guiding Net	Micro F1	89.8	—	Unverified
3	SSRAN	Micro F1	89.4	—	Unverified
4	BiSLU	Micro F1	89.4	—	Unverified
5	UGEN	Micro F1	89.2	—	Unverified
6	Topic Information	Micro F1	88.7	—	Unverified
7	SLIM	Micro F1	88.5	—	Unverified
8	Global Intent-Slot Co-occurence	Micro F1	88.5	—	Unverified
9	DGIF	Micro F1	88.5	—	Unverified
10	Uni-MIS	Micro F1	88.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CTRAN	F1	0.98	—	Unverified
2	Bi-model with a decoder	F1	0.97	—	Unverified
3	Joint BERT	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
4	Stack-Propagation (+BERT)	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
5	JointBERT-CAE	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
6	AGIF	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
7	Joint BERT + CRF	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
8	Attention Encoder-Decoder NN	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
9	Context Encoder	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
10	SF-ID	F1	0.96	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CTRAN	F1	98.3	—	Unverified
2	Stack-Propagation (+BERT)	F1	97	—	Unverified
3	JointBERT-CAE	F1	97	—	Unverified
4	AGIF	F1	94.8	—	Unverified
5	Stack-Propagation	F1	94.2	—	Unverified
6	Context Encoder	F1	93.6	—	Unverified
7	SF-ID	F1	92.23	—	Unverified
8	Slot-Gated BLSTM with Attension	F1	88.8	—	Unverified
9	DecomposedMetaSL	F1 (1-shot) avg	74.89	—	Unverified
10	Capsule-NLU	F1	0.92	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TDT 0-6	F1	0.81	—	Unverified
2	Partially Fine-tuned HuBERT	F1	0.75	—	Unverified
3	Multi-SLURP	F1	0.64	—	Unverified
4	Finstreder (Conformer)	F1	0.4	—	Unverified
5	Finstreder (Quartznet)	F1	0.31	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	XLM-R Base	Slot F1 Score	83.6	—	Unverified
2	mT5 Base (encoder-only)	Slot F1 Score	82.2	—	Unverified
3	mT5 Base (text-to-text)	Slot F1 Score	81.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	JointBERT-CAE	Slot F1	95.5	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CM-Net	F1	86.16	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MIDAS	F1 score	98.56	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MIDAS	F1 score	99.28	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Fashion GAE	FITB	96.9	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	General SLU Model w/ Profile	F1	0.83	—	Unverified