Slot Filling

The goal of Slot Filling is to identify from a running dialog different slots, which correspond to different parameters of the user’s query. For instance, when a user queries for nearby restaurants, key slots for location and preferred food are required for a dialog system to retrieve the appropriate information. Thus, the main challenge in the slot-filling task is to extract the target entity.

Source: Real-time On-Demand Crowd-powered Entity Extraction

Image credit: Robust Retrieval Augmented Generation for Zero-shot Slot Filling

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 51–75 of 458 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype
Speech-MASSIVE: A Multilingual Speech Dataset for SLU and Beyond	Aug 7, 2024	BenchmarkingLanguage Identification	CodeCode Available	1
AGIF: An Adaptive Graph-Interactive Framework for Joint Multiple Intent Detection and Slot Filling	Apr 21, 2020	Intent DetectionSemantic Frame Parsing	CodeCode Available	1
The SOFC-Exp Corpus and Neural Approaches to Information Extraction in the Materials Science Domain	Jun 4, 2020	Articlesnamed-entity-recognition	CodeCode Available	1
Token-Level Supervised Contrastive Learning for Punctuation Restoration	Jul 19, 2021	Automatic Speech RecognitionAutomatic Speech Recognition (ASR)	CodeCode Available	1
Intent Detection and Slot Filling for Vietnamese	Apr 5, 2021	Intent Classification and Slot FillingIntent Detection	CodeCode Available	1
Middle-Layer Representation Alignment for Cross-Lingual Transfer in Fine-Tuned LLMs	Feb 20, 2025	Cross-Lingual TransferMachine Translation	CodeCode Available	1
Search-in-the-Chain: Interactively Enhancing Large Language Models with Search for Knowledge-intensive Tasks	Apr 28, 2023	Fact CheckingInformation Retrieval	CodeCode Available	1
Joint Multiple Intent Detection and Slot Filling with Supervised Contrastive Learning and Self-Distillation	Aug 28, 2023	Contrastive LearningIntent Detection	CodeCode Available	1
Coach: A Coarse-to-Fine Approach for Cross-domain Slot Filling	Apr 24, 2020	Cross-Domain Named Entity Recognitionnamed-entity-recognition	CodeCode Available	1
ILLUMINER: Instruction-tuned Large Language Models as Few-shot Intent Classifier and Slot Filler	Mar 26, 2024	In-Context Learningintent-classification	CodeCode Available	1
BERT for Joint Intent Classification and Slot Filling	Feb 28, 2019	General Classificationintent-classification	CodeCode Available	1
Event Time Extraction and Propagation via Graph Attention Networks	Jun 1, 2021	Graph AttentionNatural Language Understanding	CodeCode Available	1
A weakly supervised sequence tagging and grammar induction approach to semantic frame slot filling	Jun 15, 2019	slot-fillingSlot Filling	—Unverified	0
Automatic Intent-Slot Induction for Dialogue Systems	Mar 16, 2021	Intent Detectionslot-filling	—Unverified	0
An Empirical Study of Automatic Chinese Word Segmentation for Spoken Language Understanding and Named Entity Recognition	Jun 1, 2016	Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR)Chinese Word Segmentation	—Unverified	0
Automated Graph Generation at Sentence Level for Reading Comprehension Based on Conceptual Graphs	Dec 1, 2020	Graph GenerationMiscellaneous	—Unverified	0
An Approach to Build Zero-Shot Slot-Filling System for Industry-Grade Conversational Assistants	Jun 13, 2024	Dialogue State TrackingLanguage Modelling	—Unverified	0
A Fine-tuned Wav2vec 2.0/HuBERT Benchmark For Speech Emotion Recognition, Speaker Verification and Spoken Language Understanding	Nov 4, 2021	Automatic Speech RecognitionAutomatic Speech Recognition (ASR)	—Unverified	0
Augmenting Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems with Relation Extraction	Oct 24, 2022	intent-classificationIntent Classification	—Unverified	0
A Fast Attention Network for Joint Intent Detection and Slot Filling on Edge Devices	May 16, 2022	Intent DetectionNatural Language Understanding	—Unverified	0
A physics-informed Bayesian optimization method for rapid development of electrical machines	Mar 1, 2025	Bayesian OptimizationGaussian Processes	—Unverified	0
A Two-Stage Prediction-Aware Contrastive Learning Framework for Multi-Intent NLU	May 5, 2024	Contrastive LearningData Augmentation	—Unverified	0
A Two-stage Model for Slot Filling in Low-resource Settings: Domain-agnostic Non-slot Reduction and Pretrained Contextual Embeddings	Nov 1, 2020	slot-fillingSlot Filling	—Unverified	0
Analysis and Refinement of Temporal Relation Aggregation	Aug 1, 2014	RelationSlot Filling	—Unverified	0
CIS at TAC Cold Start 2015: Neural Networks and Coreference Resolution for Slot Filling	Nov 6, 2018	coreference-resolutionCoreference Resolution	—Unverified	0

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All datasets KILT: Zero Shot RE KILT: T-REx MixSNIPS MixATIS ATIS SNIPS SLURP MASSIVE ATIS (vi)CAIS Dialogue State Tracking Challenge MULTIWOZ 2.2

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	single ngram	KILT-AC	73.2	—	Unverified
2	KGI_1	KILT-AC	72.31	—	Unverified
3	MetaRAG	KILT-AC	71.1	—	Unverified
4	KGI_0 (reupload)	KILT-AC	68.32	—	Unverified
5	Wikipedia	KILT-AC	67.2	—	Unverified
6	Multitask DPR + BART	KILT-AC	50.64	—	Unverified
7	10k	KILT-AC	41.34	—	Unverified
8	DensePhrases	KILT-AC	41.34	—	Unverified
9	RAG	KILT-AC	36.83	—	Unverified
10	Coop. Distil Bert	KILT-AC	34.13	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Re2G	KILT-AC	75.84	—	Unverified
2	KGI_1	KILT-AC	69.14	—	Unverified
3	Wikipedia	KILT-AC	64.64	—	Unverified
4	MetaRAG	KILT-AC	61.88	—	Unverified
5	single ngram	KILT-AC	60.08	—	Unverified
6	KGI_0 (reupload)	KILT-AC	55.54	—	Unverified
7	Coop. DistilBert	KILT-AC	36.68	—	Unverified
8	DensePhrases	KILT-AC	27.84	—	Unverified
9	10k	KILT-AC	27.84	—	Unverified
10	RAG	KILT-AC	23.12	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BiSLU	Micro F1	97.2	—	Unverified
2	SLIM (PACL)	Micro F1	96.8	—	Unverified
3	SLIM	Micro F1	96.5	—	Unverified
4	Uni-MIS	Micro F1	96.4	—	Unverified
5	TFMN	Micro F1	96.4	—	Unverified
6	TFMN (PACL)	Micro F1	96.3	—	Unverified
7	RoBERTa (PACL)	Micro F1	96.2	—	Unverified
8	DGIF	Micro F1	95.9	—	Unverified
9	SSRAN	Micro F1	95.8	—	Unverified
10	MISCA	Micro F1	95.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MISCA	Micro F1	90.5	—	Unverified
2	Co-guiding Net	Micro F1	89.8	—	Unverified
3	SSRAN	Micro F1	89.4	—	Unverified
4	BiSLU	Micro F1	89.4	—	Unverified
5	UGEN	Micro F1	89.2	—	Unverified
6	Topic Information	Micro F1	88.7	—	Unverified
7	SLIM	Micro F1	88.5	—	Unverified
8	Global Intent-Slot Co-occurence	Micro F1	88.5	—	Unverified
9	DGIF	Micro F1	88.5	—	Unverified
10	Uni-MIS	Micro F1	88.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CTRAN	F1	0.98	—	Unverified
2	Bi-model with a decoder	F1	0.97	—	Unverified
3	Joint BERT	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
4	Stack-Propagation (+BERT)	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
5	JointBERT-CAE	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
6	AGIF	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
7	Joint BERT + CRF	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
8	Attention Encoder-Decoder NN	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
9	Context Encoder	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
10	SF-ID	F1	0.96	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CTRAN	F1	98.3	—	Unverified
2	Stack-Propagation (+BERT)	F1	97	—	Unverified
3	JointBERT-CAE	F1	97	—	Unverified
4	AGIF	F1	94.8	—	Unverified
5	Stack-Propagation	F1	94.2	—	Unverified
6	Context Encoder	F1	93.6	—	Unverified
7	SF-ID	F1	92.23	—	Unverified
8	Slot-Gated BLSTM with Attension	F1	88.8	—	Unverified
9	DecomposedMetaSL	F1 (1-shot) avg	74.89	—	Unverified
10	Capsule-NLU	F1	0.92	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TDT 0-6	F1	0.81	—	Unverified
2	Partially Fine-tuned HuBERT	F1	0.75	—	Unverified
3	Multi-SLURP	F1	0.64	—	Unverified
4	Finstreder (Conformer)	F1	0.4	—	Unverified
5	Finstreder (Quartznet)	F1	0.31	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	XLM-R Base	Slot F1 Score	83.6	—	Unverified
2	mT5 Base (encoder-only)	Slot F1 Score	82.2	—	Unverified
3	mT5 Base (text-to-text)	Slot F1 Score	81.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	JointBERT-CAE	Slot F1	95.5	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CM-Net	F1	86.16	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MIDAS	F1 score	98.56	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MIDAS	F1 score	99.28	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Fashion GAE	FITB	96.9	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	General SLU Model w/ Profile	F1	0.83	—	Unverified