Slot Filling

The goal of Slot Filling is to identify from a running dialog different slots, which correspond to different parameters of the user’s query. For instance, when a user queries for nearby restaurants, key slots for location and preferred food are required for a dialog system to retrieve the appropriate information. Thus, the main challenge in the slot-filling task is to extract the target entity.

Source: Real-time On-Demand Crowd-powered Entity Extraction

Image credit: Robust Retrieval Augmented Generation for Zero-shot Slot Filling

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 51–100 of 458 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype	Score
Middle-Layer Representation Alignment for Cross-Lingual Transfer in Fine-Tuned LLMs	Feb 20, 2025	Cross-Lingual TransferMachine Translation	CodeCode Available	1	5
Multilingual Code-Switching for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Intent Prediction and Slot Filling	Mar 13, 2021	Natural Language Understandingslot-filling	CodeCode Available	1	5
MISCA: A Joint Model for Multiple Intent Detection and Slot Filling with Intent-Slot Co-Attention	Dec 10, 2023	graph constructionIntent Detection	CodeCode Available	1	5
Search-in-the-Chain: Interactively Enhancing Large Language Models with Search for Knowledge-intensive Tasks	Apr 28, 2023	Fact CheckingInformation Retrieval	CodeCode Available	1	5
The SOFC-Exp Corpus and Neural Approaches to Information Extraction in the Materials Science Domain	Jun 4, 2020	Articlesnamed-entity-recognition	CodeCode Available	1	5
SLIM: Explicit Slot-Intent Mapping with BERT for Joint Multi-Intent Detection and Slot Filling	Aug 26, 2021	Intent DetectionNatural Language Understanding	CodeCode Available	1	5
Bridge to Target Domain by Prototypical Contrastive Learning and Label Confusion: Re-explore Zero-Shot Learning for Slot Filling	Oct 7, 2021	Contrastive Learningslot-filling	CodeCode Available	1	5
Evaluating Entity Disambiguation and the Role of Popularity in Retrieval-Based NLP	Jun 12, 2021	Entity DisambiguationEntity Retrieval	CodeCode Available	1	5
Coach: A Coarse-to-Fine Approach for Cross-domain Slot Filling	Apr 24, 2020	Cross-Domain Named Entity Recognitionnamed-entity-recognition	CodeCode Available	1	5
BERT for Joint Intent Classification and Slot Filling	Feb 28, 2019	General Classificationintent-classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Phrase Retrieval Learns Passage Retrieval, Too	Sep 16, 2021	Entity LinkingOpen-Domain Question Answering	CodeCode Available	1	5
pNLP-Mixer: an Efficient all-MLP Architecture for Language	Feb 9, 2022	Allintent-classification	CodeCode Available	1	5
Position-aware Attention and Supervised Data Improve Slot Filling	Sep 1, 2017	FormKnowledge Base Population	CodeCode Available	0	5
New Semantic Task for the French Spoken Language Understanding MEDIA Benchmark	Mar 28, 2024	intent-classificationIntent Classification	CodeCode Available	0	5
A Unified Framework for Multi-intent Spoken Language Understanding with prompting	Oct 7, 2022	Intent DetectionMulti-Task Learning	CodeCode Available	0	5
Position-aware Self-attention with Relative Positional Encodings for Slot Filling	Jul 9, 2018	PositionRelation Extraction	CodeCode Available	0	5
Analyzing BERT Cross-lingual Transfer Capabilities in Continual Sequence Labeling	Oct 1, 2022	Continual LearningCross-Lingual Transfer	CodeCode Available	0	5
Augmenting Slot Values and Contexts for Spoken Language Understanding with Pretrained Models	Aug 19, 2021	Data Augmentationslot-filling	CodeCode Available	0	5
Neural Data Augmentation via Example Extrapolation	Feb 2, 2021	Data AugmentationDiversity	CodeCode Available	0	5
Natural Language Does Not Emerge `Naturally' in Multi-Agent Dialog	Sep 1, 2017	Slot Filling	CodeCode Available	0	5
A Context-Aware Hierarchical BERT Fusion Network for Multi-turn Dialog Act Detection	Sep 3, 2021	slot-fillingSlot Filling	CodeCode Available	0	5
Neural Baby Talk	Mar 27, 2018	Image CaptioningObject	CodeCode Available	0	5
Neural Models for Sequence Chunking	Jan 15, 2017	ChunkingNatural Language Understanding	CodeCode Available	0	5
Punctuation Restoration for Singaporean Spoken Languages: English, Malay, and Mandarin	Dec 10, 2022	Language ModellingPunctuation Restoration	CodeCode Available	0	5
Attention-Informed Mixed-Language Training for Zero-shot Cross-lingual Task-oriented Dialogue Systems	Nov 21, 2019	Dialogue State TrackingIntent Detection	CodeCode Available	0	5
Multi-grained Label Refinement Network with Dependency Structures for Joint Intent Detection and Slot Filling	Sep 9, 2022	Graph AttentionIntent Detection	CodeCode Available	0	5
Attention-Based Recurrent Neural Network Models for Joint Intent Detection and Slot Filling	Sep 6, 2016	Decoderintent-classification	CodeCode Available	0	5
MIDAS: Multi-level Intent, Domain, And Slot Knowledge Distillation for Multi-turn NLU	Aug 15, 2024	domain classificationIntent Detection	CodeCode Available	0	5
Context-Aware Visual Compatibility Prediction	Feb 10, 2019	Graph Neural NetworkMetric Learning	CodeCode Available	0	5
Matching-based Term Semantics Pre-training for Spoken Patient Query Understanding	Mar 2, 2023	slot-fillingSlot Filling	CodeCode Available	0	5
A Bi-model based RNN Semantic Frame Parsing Model for Intent Detection and Slot Filling	Dec 26, 2018	Decoder	CodeCode Available	0	5
Complex Mathematical Symbol Definition Structures: A Dataset and Model for Coordination Resolution in Definition Extraction	May 24, 2023	Definition ExtractionMath	CodeCode Available	0	5
A Stack-Propagation Framework with Token-Level Intent Detection for Spoken Language Understanding	Sep 5, 2019	Intent Detectionslot-filling	CodeCode Available	0	5
Leveraging Multilingual Self-Supervised Pretrained Models for Sequence-to-Sequence End-to-End Spoken Language Understanding	Oct 9, 2023	slot-fillingSlot Filling	CodeCode Available	0	5
#MeTooMaastricht: Building a chatbot to assist survivors of sexual harassment	Sep 6, 2019	Chatbotnamed-entity-recognition	CodeCode Available	0	5
Multilingual Relation Extraction using Compositional Universal Schema	Nov 19, 2015	Knowledge Base ConstructionRelation	CodeCode Available	0	5
Joint Slot Filling and Intent Detection via Capsule Neural Networks	Dec 22, 2018	Intent DetectionNatural Language Understanding	CodeCode Available	0	5
Intent Detection and Slot Filling for Home Assistants: Dataset and Analysis for Bangla and Sylheti	Oct 17, 2023	Intent Detectionslot-filling	CodeCode Available	0	5
A Knowledge-Grounded Neural Conversation Model	Feb 7, 2017	modelSlot Filling	CodeCode Available	0	5
Incorporating Instructional Prompts into a Unified Generative Framework for Joint Multiple Intent Detection and Slot Filling	Oct 1, 2022	Intent DetectionSemantic Frame Parsing	CodeCode Available	0	5
In-game Toxic Language Detection: Shared Task and Attention Residuals	Nov 11, 2022	slot-fillingSlot Filling	CodeCode Available	0	5
CM-Net: A Novel Collaborative Memory Network for Spoken Language Understanding	Sep 16, 2019	Intent Detectionslot-filling	CodeCode Available	0	5
Identifying Products in Online Cybercrime Marketplaces: A Dataset for Fine-grained Domain Adaptation	Aug 31, 2017	Domain Adaptationnamed-entity-recognition	CodeCode Available	0	5
HIT-SCIR at MMNLU-22: Consistency Regularization for Multilingual Spoken Language Understanding	Jan 5, 2023	Data AugmentationIntent Detection	CodeCode Available	0	5
HierarchicalContrast: A Coarse-to-Fine Contrastive Learning Framework for Cross-Domain Zero-Shot Slot Filling	Oct 13, 2023	Contrastive Learningslot-filling	CodeCode Available	0	5
How Time Matters: Learning Time-Decay Attention for Contextual Spoken Language Understanding in Dialogues	Jun 1, 2018	Dialogue State TrackingImage Captioning	CodeCode Available	0	5
Improving Dialectal Slot and Intent Detection with Auxiliary Tasks: A Multi-Dialectal Bavarian Case Study	Jan 7, 2025	intent-classificationIntent Classification	CodeCode Available	0	5
Learning End-to-End Goal-Oriented Dialog	May 24, 2016	dialog state trackingGoal-Oriented Dialog	CodeCode Available	0	5
Generative Zero-Shot Prompt Learning for Cross-Domain Slot Filling with Inverse Prompting	Jul 6, 2023	Prompt Learningslot-filling	CodeCode Available	0	5
Can discrete information extraction prompts generalize across language models?	Feb 20, 2023	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	0	5

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All datasets KILT: Zero Shot RE KILT: T-REx MixSNIPS MixATIS ATIS SNIPS SLURP MASSIVE ATIS (vi)CAIS Dialogue State Tracking Challenge MULTIWOZ 2.2

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	single ngram	KILT-AC	73.2	—	Unverified
2	KGI_1	KILT-AC	72.31	—	Unverified
3	MetaRAG	KILT-AC	71.1	—	Unverified
4	KGI_0 (reupload)	KILT-AC	68.32	—	Unverified
5	Wikipedia	KILT-AC	67.2	—	Unverified
6	Multitask DPR + BART	KILT-AC	50.64	—	Unverified
7	10k	KILT-AC	41.34	—	Unverified
8	DensePhrases	KILT-AC	41.34	—	Unverified
9	RAG	KILT-AC	36.83	—	Unverified
10	Coop. Distil Bert	KILT-AC	34.13	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Re2G	KILT-AC	75.84	—	Unverified
2	KGI_1	KILT-AC	69.14	—	Unverified
3	Wikipedia	KILT-AC	64.64	—	Unverified
4	MetaRAG	KILT-AC	61.88	—	Unverified
5	single ngram	KILT-AC	60.08	—	Unverified
6	KGI_0 (reupload)	KILT-AC	55.54	—	Unverified
7	Coop. DistilBert	KILT-AC	36.68	—	Unverified
8	DensePhrases	KILT-AC	27.84	—	Unverified
9	10k	KILT-AC	27.84	—	Unverified
10	RAG	KILT-AC	23.12	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BiSLU	Micro F1	97.2	—	Unverified
2	SLIM (PACL)	Micro F1	96.8	—	Unverified
3	SLIM	Micro F1	96.5	—	Unverified
4	Uni-MIS	Micro F1	96.4	—	Unverified
5	TFMN	Micro F1	96.4	—	Unverified
6	TFMN (PACL)	Micro F1	96.3	—	Unverified
7	RoBERTa (PACL)	Micro F1	96.2	—	Unverified
8	DGIF	Micro F1	95.9	—	Unverified
9	SSRAN	Micro F1	95.8	—	Unverified
10	MISCA	Micro F1	95.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MISCA	Micro F1	90.5	—	Unverified
2	Co-guiding Net	Micro F1	89.8	—	Unverified
3	SSRAN	Micro F1	89.4	—	Unverified
4	BiSLU	Micro F1	89.4	—	Unverified
5	UGEN	Micro F1	89.2	—	Unverified
6	Topic Information	Micro F1	88.7	—	Unverified
7	SLIM	Micro F1	88.5	—	Unverified
8	Global Intent-Slot Co-occurence	Micro F1	88.5	—	Unverified
9	DGIF	Micro F1	88.5	—	Unverified
10	Uni-MIS	Micro F1	88.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CTRAN	F1	0.98	—	Unverified
2	Bi-model with a decoder	F1	0.97	—	Unverified
3	Joint BERT	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
4	Stack-Propagation (+BERT)	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
5	JointBERT-CAE	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
6	AGIF	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
7	Joint BERT + CRF	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
8	Attention Encoder-Decoder NN	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
9	Context Encoder	F1	0.96	—	Unverified
10	SF-ID	F1	0.96	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CTRAN	F1	98.3	—	Unverified
2	Stack-Propagation (+BERT)	F1	97	—	Unverified
3	JointBERT-CAE	F1	97	—	Unverified
4	AGIF	F1	94.8	—	Unverified
5	Stack-Propagation	F1	94.2	—	Unverified
6	Context Encoder	F1	93.6	—	Unverified
7	SF-ID	F1	92.23	—	Unverified
8	Slot-Gated BLSTM with Attension	F1	88.8	—	Unverified
9	DecomposedMetaSL	F1 (1-shot) avg	74.89	—	Unverified
10	Capsule-NLU	F1	0.92	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TDT 0-6	F1	0.81	—	Unverified
2	Partially Fine-tuned HuBERT	F1	0.75	—	Unverified
3	Multi-SLURP	F1	0.64	—	Unverified
4	Finstreder (Conformer)	F1	0.4	—	Unverified
5	Finstreder (Quartznet)	F1	0.31	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	XLM-R Base	Slot F1 Score	83.6	—	Unverified
2	mT5 Base (encoder-only)	Slot F1 Score	82.2	—	Unverified
3	mT5 Base (text-to-text)	Slot F1 Score	81.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	JointBERT-CAE	Slot F1	95.5	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CM-Net	F1	86.16	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MIDAS	F1 score	98.56	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MIDAS	F1 score	99.28	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Fashion GAE	FITB	96.9	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	General SLU Model w/ Profile	F1	0.83	—	Unverified