Semantic Textual Similarity

Semantic textual similarity deals with determining how similar two pieces of texts are. This can take the form of assigning a score from 1 to 5. Related tasks are paraphrase or duplicate identification.

Image source: Learning Semantic Textual Similarity from Conversations

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 551–575 of 2381 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Score
Exploring RWKV for Sentence Embeddings: Layer-wise Analysis and Baseline Comparison for Semantic Similarity	Feb 20, 2025	GPULanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	5
An Assessment of Experimental Protocols for Tracing Changes in Word Semantics Relative to Accuracy and Reliability	Aug 1, 2016	Semantic Textual Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
Fake News Detection After LLM Laundering: Measurement and Explanation	Jan 29, 2025	Fake News DetectionMisinformation	CodeCode Available	5
Exploiting Twitter as Source of Large Corpora of Weakly Similar Pairs for Semantic Sentence Embeddings	Oct 5, 2021	Semantic Textual SimilaritySentence	CodeCode Available	5
Exploiting Semantic Role Contextualized Video Features for Multi-Instance Text-Video Retrieval EPIC-KITCHENS-100 Multi-Instance Retrieval Challenge 2022	Jun 29, 2022	Multi-Instance RetrievalRetrieval	CodeCode Available	5
Exploring Anisotropy and Outliers in Multilingual Language Models for Cross-Lingual Semantic Sentence Similarity	Jun 1, 2023	Semantic SimilaritySemantic Textual Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
Evaluating Open-Domain Dialogues in Latent Space with Next Sentence Prediction and Mutual Information	May 26, 2023	Semantic SimilaritySemantic Textual Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
ETPC - A Paraphrase Identification Corpus Annotated with Extended Paraphrase Typology and Negation	May 1, 2018	Natural Language InferenceNegation	CodeCode Available	5
Advancing Semantic Textual Similarity Modeling: A Regression Framework with Translated ReLU and Smooth K2 Loss	Jun 8, 2024	Contrastive LearningSemantic Textual Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
Eval-GCSC: A New Metric for Evaluating ChatGPT's Performance in Chinese Spelling Correction	Nov 14, 2023	Semantic SimilaritySemantic Textual Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
Exploring Key Point Analysis with Pairwise Generation and Graph Partitioning	Apr 17, 2024	Argument Mininggraph partitioning	CodeCode Available	5
EquivPruner: Boosting Efficiency and Quality in LLM-Based Search via Action Pruning	May 22, 2025	GSM8KMath	CodeCode Available	5
Automatic Design of Semantic Similarity Ensembles Using Grammatical Evolution	Jul 3, 2023	Semantic SimilaritySemantic Textual Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
Explaining Text Similarity in Transformer Models	May 10, 2024	Information RetrievalRetrieval	CodeCode Available	5
Entity-enhanced Adaptive Reconstruction Network for Weakly Supervised Referring Expression Grounding	Jul 18, 2022	AttributeReferring Expression	CodeCode Available	5
Datasets for Portuguese Legal Semantic Textual Similarity: Comparing weak supervision and an annotation process approaches	May 29, 2023	Semantic SimilaritySemantic Textual Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
ERNIE: Enhanced Language Representation with Informative Entities	May 17, 2019	Entity LinkingEntity Typing	CodeCode Available	5
CSS: Contrastive Semantic Similarity for Uncertainty Quantification of LLMs	Jun 5, 2024	ClusteringNatural Language Inference	CodeCode Available	5
SueNes: A Weakly Supervised Approach to Evaluating Single-Document Summarization via Negative Sampling	May 13, 2020	Abstractive Text SummarizationDocument Embedding	CodeCode Available	5
Embeddings Evaluation Using a Novel Measure of Semantic Similarity	Jan 8, 2022	Embeddings EvaluationSemantic Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
Emu: Enhancing Multilingual Sentence Embeddings with Semantic Specialization	Sep 15, 2019	intent-classificationIntent Classification	CodeCode Available	5
EL Embeddings: Geometric construction of models for the Description Logic EL ++	Feb 27, 2019	Graph EmbeddingKnowledge Graph Embedding	CodeCode Available	5
Supervised Online Hashing via Hadamard Codebook Learning	Apr 28, 2019	RetrievalSemantic Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
De-Conflated Semantic Representations	Aug 5, 2016	Semantic SimilaritySemantic Textual Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
Elevating Legal LLM Responses: Harnessing Trainable Logical Structures and Semantic Knowledge with Legal Reasoning	Feb 11, 2025	HallucinationIn-Context Learning	CodeCode Available	5

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All datasets STS Benchmark MTEB MRPC SICK STS13 STS14 STS12 STS15 STS16 MRPC Dev SentEval SICK-R

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	SMARTRoBERTa	Dev Pearson Correlation	92.8	—	Unverified
2	DeBERTa (large)	Accuracy	92.5	—	Unverified
3	SMART-BERT	Dev Pearson Correlation	90	—	Unverified
4	MT-DNN-SMART	Pearson Correlation	0.93	—	Unverified
5	StructBERTRoBERTa ensemble	Pearson Correlation	0.93	—	Unverified
6	Mnet-Sim	Pearson Correlation	0.93	—	Unverified
7	XLNet (single model)	Pearson Correlation	0.93	—	Unverified
8	T5-11B	Pearson Correlation	0.93	—	Unverified
9	ALBERT	Pearson Correlation	0.93	—	Unverified
10	RoBERTa	Pearson Correlation	0.92	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	AnglE-UAE	Spearman Correlation	84.54	—	Unverified
2	ST5-XXL	Spearman Correlation	82.63	—	Unverified
3	ST5-Large	Spearman Correlation	81.83	—	Unverified
4	ST5-XL	Spearman Correlation	81.66	—	Unverified
5	ST5-Base	Spearman Correlation	81.14	—	Unverified
6	MPNet-multilingual	Spearman Correlation	80.73	—	Unverified
7	SGPT-5.8B-nli	Spearman Correlation	80.53	—	Unverified
8	MPNet	Spearman Correlation	80.28	—	Unverified
9	MiniLM-L12	Spearman Correlation	79.8	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-BERT-sup	Spearman Correlation	79.12	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MT-DNN-SMART	Accuracy	93.7	—	Unverified
2	ALBERT	Accuracy	93.4	—	Unverified
3	RoBERTa (ensemble)	Accuracy	92.3	—	Unverified
4	BigBird	F1	91.5	—	Unverified
5	StructBERTRoBERTa ensemble	Accuracy	91.5	—	Unverified
6	FLOATER-large	Accuracy	91.4	—	Unverified
7	SMART	Accuracy	91.3	—	Unverified
8	RoBERTa-large 355M (MLP quantized vector-wise, fine-tuned)	Accuracy	91	—	Unverified
9	RoBERTa-large 355M + Entailment as Few-shot Learner	F1	91	—	Unverified
10	SpanBERT	Accuracy	90.9	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	PromCSE-RoBERTa-large (0.355B)	Spearman Correlation	0.82	—	Unverified
2	PromptEOL+CSE+LLaMA-30B	Spearman Correlation	0.82	—	Unverified
3	PromptEOL+CSE+OPT-13B	Spearman Correlation	0.82	—	Unverified
4	SimCSE-RoBERTalarge	Spearman Correlation	0.82	—	Unverified
5	PromptEOL+CSE+OPT-2.7B	Spearman Correlation	0.81	—	Unverified
6	SentenceBERT	Spearman Correlation	0.75	—	Unverified
7	SRoBERTa-NLI-base	Spearman Correlation	0.74	—	Unverified
8	SRoBERTa-NLI-large	Spearman Correlation	0.74	—	Unverified
9	Dino (STS/̄🦕)	Spearman Correlation	0.74	—	Unverified
10	SBERT-NLI-large	Spearman Correlation	0.74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	AnglE-LLaMA-7B	Spearman Correlation	0.91	—	Unverified
2	AnglE-LLaMA-7B-v2	Spearman Correlation	0.91	—	Unverified
3	PromptEOL+CSE+LLaMA-30B	Spearman Correlation	0.9	—	Unverified
4	PromptEOL+CSE+OPT-13B	Spearman Correlation	0.9	—	Unverified
5	PromptEOL+CSE+OPT-2.7B	Spearman Correlation	0.9	—	Unverified
6	PromCSE-RoBERTa-large (0.355B)	Spearman Correlation	0.89	—	Unverified
7	Trans-Encoder-BERT-large-bi (unsup.)	Spearman Correlation	0.89	—	Unverified
8	Trans-Encoder-BERT-large-cross (unsup.)	Spearman Correlation	0.88	—	Unverified
9	Trans-Encoder-RoBERTa-large-cross (unsup.)	Spearman Correlation	0.88	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-RoBERTa-large	Spearman Correlation	0.87	—	Unverified