Semantic Textual Similarity

Semantic textual similarity deals with determining how similar two pieces of texts are. This can take the form of assigning a score from 1 to 5. Related tasks are paraphrase or duplicate identification.

Image source: Learning Semantic Textual Similarity from Conversations

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 326–350 of 2381 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Score
Identifying Semantic Divergences in Parallel Text without Annotations	Mar 29, 2018	Machine TranslationSemantic Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
ImpliRet: Benchmarking the Implicit Fact Retrieval Challenge	Jun 17, 2025	BenchmarkingRetrieval	CodeCode Available	5
Improving Semantic Relevance for Sequence-to-Sequence Learning of Chinese Social Media Text Summarization	Jun 8, 2017	DecoderSemantic Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
Integrating Visual and Semantic Similarity Using Hierarchies for Image Retrieval	Aug 16, 2023	Content-Based Image RetrievalImage Retrieval	CodeCode Available	5
Large-Scale Multi-Domain Belief Tracking with Knowledge Sharing	Jul 17, 2018	Multi-domain Dialogue State TrackingSemantic Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
HQA-Attack: Toward High Quality Black-Box Hard-Label Adversarial Attack on Text	Feb 2, 2024	Adversarial AttackHard-label Attack	CodeCode Available	5
HybridCR: Weakly-Supervised 3D Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation via Hybrid Contrastive Regularization	Jan 1, 2022	DiversitySemantic Segmentation	CodeCode Available	5
Hybrid Semantic Recommender System for Chemical Compounds	Jan 21, 2020	Collaborative FilteringRecommendation Systems	CodeCode Available	5
A Semantics-Based Measure of Emoji Similarity	Jul 14, 2017	Semantic SimilaritySemantic Textual Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
A Semantic Relevance Based Neural Network for Text Summarization and Text Simplification	Oct 6, 2017	DecoderSemantic Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
A Bilingual Generative Transformer for Semantic Sentence Embedding	Nov 10, 2019	Semantic SimilaritySemantic Textual Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
Effective and Imperceptible Adversarial Textual Attack via Multi-objectivization	Nov 2, 2021	Semantic SimilaritySemantic Textual Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
HACD: Harnessing Attribute Semantics and Mesoscopic Structure for Community Detection	Nov 4, 2024	Anomaly DetectionAttribute	CodeCode Available	5
Harnessing Frozen Unimodal Encoders for Flexible Multimodal Alignment	Jan 1, 2025	Semantic SimilaritySemantic Textual Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
GSTran: Joint Geometric and Semantic Coherence for Point Cloud Segmentation	Aug 21, 2024	Point Cloud SegmentationSemantic Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
Guiding and Diversifying LLM-Based Story Generation via Answer Set Programming	Jun 1, 2024	DiversitySemantic Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
Hierarchy-based Image Embeddings for Semantic Image Retrieval	Sep 26, 2018	Few-Shot LearningImage Retrieval	CodeCode Available	5
GMA3D: Local-Global Attention Learning to Estimate Occluded Motions of Scene Flow	Oct 7, 2022	Autonomous DrivingMotion Segmentation	CodeCode Available	5
GMFL-Net: A Global Multi-geometric Feature Learning Network for Repetitive Action Counting	Aug 31, 2024	Pose EstimationRepetitive Action Counting	CodeCode Available	5
Exploiting the Semantic Knowledge of Pre-trained Text-Encoders for Continual Learning	Aug 2, 2024	Continual LearningKnowledge Distillation	CodeCode Available	5
Glyce: Glyph-vectors for Chinese Character Representations	Jan 29, 2019	Chinese Dependency ParsingChinese Named Entity Recognition	CodeCode Available	5
Hypercube-RAG: Hypercube-Based Retrieval-Augmented Generation for In-domain Scientific Question-Answering	May 25, 2025	Question AnsweringRAG	CodeCode Available	5
Generating Natural Language Adversarial Examples through Probability Weighted Word Saliency	Jul 1, 2019	Adversarial AttackClassification	CodeCode Available	5
Generating More Interesting Responses in Neural Conversation Models with Distributional Constraints	Sep 4, 2018	Semantic SimilaritySemantic Textual Similarity	CodeCode Available	5
A Large-Scale Sensitivity Analysis on Latent Embeddings and Dimensionality Reductions for Text Spatializations	Jul 25, 2024	DescriptiveDimensionality Reduction	CodeCode Available	5

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All datasets STS Benchmark MTEB MRPC SICK STS13 STS14 STS12 STS15 STS16 MRPC Dev SentEval SICK-R

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	SMARTRoBERTa	Dev Pearson Correlation	92.8	—	Unverified
2	DeBERTa (large)	Accuracy	92.5	—	Unverified
3	SMART-BERT	Dev Pearson Correlation	90	—	Unverified
4	MT-DNN-SMART	Pearson Correlation	0.93	—	Unverified
5	StructBERTRoBERTa ensemble	Pearson Correlation	0.93	—	Unverified
6	Mnet-Sim	Pearson Correlation	0.93	—	Unverified
7	XLNet (single model)	Pearson Correlation	0.93	—	Unverified
8	ALBERT	Pearson Correlation	0.93	—	Unverified
9	T5-11B	Pearson Correlation	0.93	—	Unverified
10	RoBERTa	Pearson Correlation	0.92	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	AnglE-UAE	Spearman Correlation	84.54	—	Unverified
2	ST5-XXL	Spearman Correlation	82.63	—	Unverified
3	ST5-Large	Spearman Correlation	81.83	—	Unverified
4	ST5-XL	Spearman Correlation	81.66	—	Unverified
5	ST5-Base	Spearman Correlation	81.14	—	Unverified
6	MPNet-multilingual	Spearman Correlation	80.73	—	Unverified
7	SGPT-5.8B-nli	Spearman Correlation	80.53	—	Unverified
8	MPNet	Spearman Correlation	80.28	—	Unverified
9	MiniLM-L12	Spearman Correlation	79.8	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-BERT-sup	Spearman Correlation	79.12	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MT-DNN-SMART	Accuracy	93.7	—	Unverified
2	ALBERT	Accuracy	93.4	—	Unverified
3	RoBERTa (ensemble)	Accuracy	92.3	—	Unverified
4	BigBird	F1	91.5	—	Unverified
5	StructBERTRoBERTa ensemble	Accuracy	91.5	—	Unverified
6	FLOATER-large	Accuracy	91.4	—	Unverified
7	SMART	Accuracy	91.3	—	Unverified
8	RoBERTa-large 355M (MLP quantized vector-wise, fine-tuned)	Accuracy	91	—	Unverified
9	RoBERTa-large 355M + Entailment as Few-shot Learner	F1	91	—	Unverified
10	SpanBERT	Accuracy	90.9	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	PromCSE-RoBERTa-large (0.355B)	Spearman Correlation	0.82	—	Unverified
2	PromptEOL+CSE+LLaMA-30B	Spearman Correlation	0.82	—	Unverified
3	PromptEOL+CSE+OPT-13B	Spearman Correlation	0.82	—	Unverified
4	SimCSE-RoBERTalarge	Spearman Correlation	0.82	—	Unverified
5	PromptEOL+CSE+OPT-2.7B	Spearman Correlation	0.81	—	Unverified
6	SentenceBERT	Spearman Correlation	0.75	—	Unverified
7	SRoBERTa-NLI-base	Spearman Correlation	0.74	—	Unverified
8	SRoBERTa-NLI-large	Spearman Correlation	0.74	—	Unverified
9	Dino (STS/̄🦕)	Spearman Correlation	0.74	—	Unverified
10	SBERT-NLI-large	Spearman Correlation	0.74	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	AnglE-LLaMA-7B	Spearman Correlation	0.91	—	Unverified
2	AnglE-LLaMA-7B-v2	Spearman Correlation	0.91	—	Unverified
3	PromptEOL+CSE+LLaMA-30B	Spearman Correlation	0.9	—	Unverified
4	PromptEOL+CSE+OPT-13B	Spearman Correlation	0.9	—	Unverified
5	PromptEOL+CSE+OPT-2.7B	Spearman Correlation	0.9	—	Unverified
6	PromCSE-RoBERTa-large (0.355B)	Spearman Correlation	0.89	—	Unverified
7	Trans-Encoder-BERT-large-bi (unsup.)	Spearman Correlation	0.89	—	Unverified
8	Trans-Encoder-BERT-large-cross (unsup.)	Spearman Correlation	0.88	—	Unverified
9	Trans-Encoder-RoBERTa-large-cross (unsup.)	Spearman Correlation	0.88	—	Unverified
10	SimCSE-RoBERTa-large	Spearman Correlation	0.87	—	Unverified