Question Generation

The goal of Question Generation is to generate a valid and fluent question according to a given passage and the target answer. Question Generation can be used in many scenarios, such as automatic tutoring systems, improving the performance of Question Answering models and enabling chatbots to lead a conversation.

Source: Generating Highly Relevant Questions

Papers

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Showing 101–125 of 664 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype
Generating Diverse and Consistent QA pairs from Contexts with Information-Maximizing Hierarchical Conditional VAEs	May 28, 2020	Question-Answer-GenerationQuestion Answering	CodeCode Available	1
Knowledge Graph Simple Question Answering for Unseen Domains	May 25, 2020	Domain AdaptationQuestion Answering	CodeCode Available	1
C3VQG: Category Consistent Cyclic Visual Question Generation	May 15, 2020	Natural QuestionsQuestion Generation	CodeCode Available	1
Stay Hungry, Stay Focused: Generating Informative and Specific Questions in Information-Seeking Conversations	Apr 30, 2020	InformativenessQuestion Generation	CodeCode Available	1
Semantic Graphs for Generating Deep Questions	Apr 27, 2020	Question GenerationQuestion-Generation	CodeCode Available	1
Template-Based Question Generation from Retrieved Sentences for Improved Unsupervised Question Answering	Apr 24, 2020	Language ModelingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	1
PALM: Pre-training an Autoencoding&Autoregressive Language Model for Context-conditioned Generation	Apr 14, 2020	Abstractive Text SummarizationConversational Response Generation	CodeCode Available	1
Toward Subgraph-Guided Knowledge Graph Question Generation with Graph Neural Networks	Apr 13, 2020	Data AugmentationDecoder	CodeCode Available	1
UniLMv2: Pseudo-Masked Language Models for Unified Language Model Pre-Training	Feb 28, 2020	Abstractive Text SummarizationDecoder	CodeCode Available	1
Asking Questions the Human Way: Scalable Question-Answer Generation from Text Corpus	Jan 27, 2020	Answer GenerationChatbot	CodeCode Available	1
ERNIE-GEN: An Enhanced Multi-Flow Pre-training and Fine-tuning Framework for Natural Language Generation	Jan 26, 2020	Abstractive Text SummarizationDecoder	CodeCode Available	1
R2DE: a NLP approach to estimating IRT parameters of newly generated questions	Jan 21, 2020	Multiple-choiceQuestion Generation	CodeCode Available	1
ProphetNet: Predicting Future N-gram for Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training	Jan 13, 2020	Abstractive Text SummarizationPrediction	CodeCode Available	1
Visual Dialogue State Tracking for Question Generation	Nov 12, 2019	Dialogue State TrackingQuestion Generation	CodeCode Available	1
Cross-Lingual Natural Language Generation via Pre-Training	Sep 23, 2019	Abstractive Text SummarizationCross-Lingual Transfer	CodeCode Available	1
Interconnected Question Generation with Coreference Alignment and Conversation Flow Modeling	Jun 17, 2019	Question AnsweringQuestion Generation	CodeCode Available	1
Large-Scale Answerer in Questioner's Mind for Visual Dialog Question Generation	Feb 22, 2019	Question GenerationQuestion-Generation	CodeCode Available	1
Paragraph-level Neural Question Generation with Maxout Pointer and Gated Self-attention Networks	Oct 1, 2018	Question AnsweringQuestion Generation	CodeCode Available	1
Improving Neural Question Generation using Answer Separation	Sep 7, 2018	Question GenerationQuestion-Generation	CodeCode Available	1
Plan, Attend, Generate: Planning for Sequence-to-Sequence Models	Nov 28, 2017	Question GenerationQuestion-Generation	CodeCode Available	1
Learning to Ask: Neural Question Generation for Reading Comprehension	Apr 29, 2017	Question GenerationQuestion-Generation	CodeCode Available	1
Neural Question Generation from Text: A Preliminary Study	Apr 6, 2017	DecoderPosition	CodeCode Available	1
Diverse Beam Search: Decoding Diverse Solutions from Neural Sequence Models	Oct 7, 2016	DiversityImage Captioning	CodeCode Available	1
Compressed and Smooth Latent Space for Text Diffusion Modeling	Jun 26, 2025	Question GenerationQuestion-Generation	—Unverified	0
ELLIS Alicante at CQs-Gen 2025: Winning the critical thinking questions shared task: LLM-based question generation and selection	Jun 17, 2025	Argument MiningQuestion Generation	—Unverified	0

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All datasets SQuAD1.1 COCO Visual Question Answering (VQA) real images 1.0 open ended GrailQA-Compositional GrailQA-IID GrailQA-Zero-Shot FairytaleQA WeiboPolls Natural Questions SQuAD TriviaQA Visual Question Generation

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ERNIE-GENLARGE (beam size=5)	BLEU-4	25.41	—	Unverified
2	BART (TextBox 2.0)	BLEU-4	25.08	—	Unverified
3	ProphetNet + ASGen	BLEU-4	24.44	—	Unverified
4	UniLMv2	BLEU-4	24.43	—	Unverified
5	ProphetNet + syn. mask + localness	BLEU-4	24.37	—	Unverified
6	ProphetNet	BLEU-4	23.91	—	Unverified
7	UniLM + ASGen	BLEU-4	23.7	—	Unverified
8	UniLM	BLEU-4	22.78	—	Unverified
9	BERTSQG	BLEU-4	22.17	—	Unverified
10	Selector & NQG++	BLEU-4	15.87	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MDN	BLEU-1	65.1	—	Unverified
2	coco-Caption [[Karpathy and Li2014]]	BLEU-1	62.5	—	Unverified
3	Max(Yang,2015)	BLEU-1	59.4	—	Unverified
4	Sample(Yang,2015)	BLEU-1	38.8	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	FactJointGT	METEOR	36.21	—	Unverified
2	JointGT	METEOR	36.08	—	Unverified
3	FactT5B	METEOR	35.72	—	Unverified
4	T5B	METEOR	35.64	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	FactT5B	BLEU	46.1	—	Unverified
2	JointGT	BLEU	45.95	—	Unverified
3	T5B	BLEU	44.51	—	Unverified
4	FactJointGT	BLEU	43.61	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	JointGT	METEOR	37.69	—	Unverified
2	FactJointGT	METEOR	37.55	—	Unverified
3	FactT5B	METEOR	37.39	—	Unverified
4	T5B	METEOR	37.35	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	BART fine-tuned on FairytaleQA	ROUGE-L	0.53	—	Unverified
2	BART fine-tuned on NarrativeQA and FairytaleQA	ROUGE-L	0.52	—	Unverified
3	BART fine-tuned on NarrativeQA	ROUGE-L	0.44	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	UniPoll	ROUGE-1	49.6	—	Unverified
2	T5	ROUGE-1	44.46	—	Unverified
3	Dual Dec	ROUGE-1	38.24	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Info-HCVAE	QAE	37.18	—	Unverified
2	HCVAE	QAE	31.45	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Info-HCVAE	QAE	71.18	—	Unverified
2	HCVAE	QAE	69.46	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Info-HCVAE	QAE	35.45	—	Unverified
2	HCVAE	QAE	30.2	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MDN	BLEU-1	36	—	Unverified