Open-Domain Question Answering

Open-domain question answering is the task of question answering on open-domain datasets such as Wikipedia.

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 201–250 of 494 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Score
Text Understanding with the Attention Sum Reader Network	Mar 4, 2016	Machine Reading ComprehensionOpen-Domain Question Answering	CodeCode Available	5
Neural Natural Logic Inference for Interpretable Question Answering	Nov 1, 2021	Multiple-choiceNatural Language Inference	CodeCode Available	5
RE-RAG: Improving Open-Domain QA Performance and Interpretability with Relevance Estimator in Retrieval-Augmented Generation	Jun 9, 2024	Document RankingNatural Questions	CodeCode Available	5
Does RAG Introduce Unfairness in LLMs? Evaluating Fairness in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems	Sep 29, 2024	FairnessOpen-Domain Question Answering	CodeCode Available	5
GenKI: Enhancing Open-Domain Question Answering with Knowledge Integration and Controllable Generation in Large Language Models	May 26, 2025	Open-Domain Question AnsweringPassage Retrieval	CodeCode Available	5
Neural Arabic Question Answering	Jun 12, 2019	ArticlesInformation Retrieval	CodeCode Available	5
Accurate and Nuanced Open-QA Evaluation Through Textual Entailment	May 26, 2024	Natural Language InferenceOpen-Domain Question Answering	CodeCode Available	5
Knowledge Corpus Error in Question Answering	Oct 27, 2023	Open-Domain Question AnsweringQuestion Answering	CodeCode Available	5
Dense Passage Retrieval in Conversational Search	Mar 21, 2025	Conversational SearchInformation Retrieval	CodeCode Available	5
Challenges in Generalization in Open Domain Question Answering	Sep 2, 2021	Natural QuestionsOpen-Domain Question Answering	CodeCode Available	5
Dual-Encoders for Extreme Multi-Label Classification	Oct 16, 2023	ClassificationExtreme Multi-Label Classification	CodeCode Available	5
MythQA: Query-Based Large-Scale Check-Worthy Claim Detection through Multi-Answer Open-Domain Question Answering	Jul 21, 2023	Fact CheckingMisinformation	CodeCode Available	5
End-to-End Open-Domain Question Answering with BERTserini	Feb 5, 2019	ArticlesInformation Retrieval	CodeCode Available	5
Re-Examining Calibration: The Case of Question Answering	May 25, 2022	Open-Domain Question AnsweringQuestion Answering	CodeCode Available	5
Towards a Search Engine for Machines: Unified Ranking for Multiple Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models	Apr 30, 2024	Entity LinkingFact Verification	CodeCode Available	5
C-MORE: Pretraining to Answer Open-Domain Questions by Consulting Millions of References	Mar 16, 2022	Open-Domain Question AnsweringQuestion Answering	CodeCode Available	5
RFiD: Towards Rational Fusion-in-Decoder for Open-Domain Question Answering	May 26, 2023	DecoderNatural Questions	CodeCode Available	5
Answer Complex Questions: Path Ranker Is All You Need	Jul 11, 2021	AllOpen-Domain Question Answering	CodeCode Available	5
Cross-Pair Text Representations for Answer Sentence Selection	Oct 1, 2018	Natural Language InferenceOpen-Domain Question Answering	CodeCode Available	5
Mention Memory: incorporating textual knowledge into Transformers through entity mention attention	Oct 12, 2021	Claim VerificationNatural Language Understanding	CodeCode Available	5
Multi-Task Dense Retrieval via Model Uncertainty Fusion for Open-Domain Question Answering	Nov 1, 2021	ArticlesOpen-Domain Question Answering	CodeCode Available	5
DESIRE-ME: Domain-Enhanced Supervised Information REtrieval using Mixture-of-Experts	Mar 20, 2024	Information RetrievalMixture-of-Experts	CodeCode Available	5
Detecting Temporal Ambiguity in Questions	Sep 25, 2024	Open-Domain Question AnsweringQuestion Answering	CodeCode Available	5
TRAQ: Trustworthy Retrieval Augmented Question Answering via Conformal Prediction	Jul 7, 2023	Bayesian OptimizationChatbot	CodeCode Available	5
SearchQA: A New Q&A Dataset Augmented with Context from a Search Engine	Apr 18, 2017	Open-Domain Question AnsweringQuestion Answering	CodeCode Available	5
Scaling Reasoning can Improve Factuality in Large Language Models	May 16, 2025	Knowledge GraphsLarge Language Model	CodeCode Available	5
Detrimental Contexts in Open-Domain Question Answering	Oct 27, 2023	Open-Domain Question AnsweringQuestion Answering	CodeCode Available	5
What Does My QA Model Know? Devising Controlled Probes using Expert Knowledge	Dec 31, 2019	General KnowledgeKnowledge Graphs	CodeCode Available	5
KazQAD: Kazakh Open-Domain Question Answering Dataset	Apr 6, 2024	Information RetrievalMachine Translation	CodeCode Available	5
SPLADE: Sparse Lexical and Expansion Model for First Stage Ranking	Jul 12, 2021	Information RetrievalOpen-Domain Question Answering	—Unverified	0
Stochastic RAG: End-to-End Retrieval-Augmented Generation through Expected Utility Maximization	May 5, 2024	Fact VerificationOpen-Domain Question Answering	—Unverified	0
Strong and Efficient Baselines for Open Domain Conversational Question Answering	Oct 23, 2023	Conversational Question AnsweringDecoder	—Unverified	0
Talk to Papers: Bringing Neural Question Answering to Academic Search	Apr 4, 2020	Natural Language QueriesOpen-Domain Question Answering	—Unverified	0
Targeted Extraction of Temporal Facts from Textual Resources for Improved Temporal Question Answering over Knowledge Bases	Mar 21, 2022	Knowledge Base Question AnsweringOpen-Domain Question Answering	—Unverified	0
Text Embeddings for Retrieval From a Large Knowledge Base	Oct 24, 2018	Open-Domain Question AnsweringQuestion Answering	—Unverified	0
DuReader_vis: A Chinese Dataset for Open-domain Document Visual Question Answering	May 1, 2022	document understandingOpen-Domain Question Answering	—Unverified	0
The Dangers of trusting Stochastic Parrots: Faithfulness and Trust in Open-domain Conversational Question Answering	May 25, 2023	Conversational Question AnsweringOpen-Domain Question Answering	—Unverified	0
The Inductive Bias of In-Context Learning: Rethinking Pretraining Example Design	Oct 9, 2021	ChunkingIn-Context Learning	—Unverified	0
To Adapt or to Annotate: Challenges and Interventions for Domain Adaptation in Open-Domain Question Answering	Dec 20, 2022	Domain AdaptationOpen-Domain Question Answering	—Unverified	0
Towards an open-domain conversational system fully based on natural language processing	Aug 1, 2014	Open-Domain Question AnsweringQuestion Answering	—Unverified	0
Towards Better Generalization in Open-Domain Question Answering by Mitigating Context Memorization	Apr 2, 2024	MemorizationOpen-Domain Question Answering	—Unverified	0
Towards Human-Level Understanding of Complex Process Engineering Schematics: A Pedagogical, Introspective Multi-Agent Framework for Open-Domain Question Answering	Aug 24, 2024	knowledge editingOpen-Domain Question Answering	—Unverified	0
Towards Robust Evaluation: A Comprehensive Taxonomy of Datasets and Metrics for Open Domain Question Answering in the Era of Large Language Models	Jun 19, 2024	BenchmarkingOpen-Domain Question Answering	—Unverified	0
Towards Universal Dense Retrieval for Open-domain Question Answering	Sep 23, 2021	Open-Domain Question AnsweringQuestion Answering	—Unverified	0
Tradeoffs in Sentence Selection Techniques for Open-Domain Question Answering	Sep 18, 2020	Open-Domain Question AnsweringQuestion Answering	—Unverified	0
Training a Ranking Function for Open-Domain Question Answering	Apr 12, 2018	Information RetrievalOpen-Domain Question Answering	—Unverified	0
UniK-QA: Unified Representations of Structured and Unstructured Knowledge for Open-Domain Question Answering	May 16, 2021	Open-Domain Question AnsweringQuestion Answering	—Unverified	0
UnitedQA: A Hybrid Approach for Open Domain Question Answering	Jan 1, 2021	Open-Domain Question AnsweringQuestion Answering	—Unverified	0
Unsupervised Open-Domain Question Answering	Aug 31, 2021	Machine Reading ComprehensionOpen-Domain Question Answering	—Unverified	0
Unsupervised Open-Domain Question Answering with Higher Answerability	Nov 16, 2021	Machine Reading ComprehensionOpen-Domain Question Answering	—Unverified	0

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All datasets KILT: ELI5 KILT: Natural Questions KILT: TriviaQA KILT: HotpotQA SearchQA ELI5 QUASAR Natural Questions SQuAD1.1 dev WebQuestions SQuAD1.1 DuReader

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	somebody	KILT-RL	2.62	—	Unverified
2	Wikipedia	KILT-RL	2.46	—	Unverified
3	arxiv.org/abs/2103.06332	KILT-RL	2.36	—	Unverified
4	BART + DPR	KILT-RL	1.9	—	Unverified
5	RAG	KILT-RL	1.69	—	Unverified
6	Training Set Retrieval (top 1)	KILT-RL	0	—	Unverified
7	T5-base	KILT-RL	0	—	Unverified
8	Input Copying	KILT-RL	0	—	Unverified
9	Sphere	KILT-RL	0	—	Unverified
10	Random Training Set Answer	KILT-RL	0	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Re2G	KILT-EM	43.56	—	Unverified
2	intersect	KILT-EM	38.78	—	Unverified
3	KGI_0	KILT-EM	36.36	—	Unverified
4	Wikipedia	KILT-EM	35.32	—	Unverified
5	RAG	KILT-EM	32.69	—	Unverified
6	BERT + DPR	KILT-EM	31.99	—	Unverified
7	BART + DPR	KILT-EM	30.06	—	Unverified
8	Multitask DPR + BART	KILT-EM	29.09	—	Unverified
9	Multi-task DPR	KILT-EM	0	—	Unverified
10	Sphere	KILT-EM	0	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Re2G	KILT-EM	57.91	—	Unverified
2	intersect	KILT-EM	50.56	—	Unverified
3	Wikipedia	KILT-EM	45.55	—	Unverified
4	KGI_0	KILT-EM	42.85	—	Unverified
5	Multitask DPR + BART	KILT-EM	42.36	—	Unverified
6	RAG	KILT-EM	38.13	—	Unverified
7	BERT + DPR	KILT-EM	34.48	—	Unverified
8	BART + DPR	KILT-EM	31.4	—	Unverified
9	TABi	KILT-EM	0	—	Unverified
10	T5-base	KILT-EM	0	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	intersect	KILT-EM	18.06	—	Unverified
2	Wikipedia	KILT-EM	11.71	—	Unverified
3	Multitask DPR + BART	KILT-EM	9.53	—	Unverified
4	RAG	KILT-EM	3.21	—	Unverified
5	BART + DPR	KILT-EM	1.96	—	Unverified
6	BERT + DPR	KILT-EM	0.74	—	Unverified
7	Sphere	KILT-EM	0	—	Unverified
8	Multi-task DPR	KILT-EM	0	—	Unverified
9	GENRE	KILT-EM	0	—	Unverified
10	chriskuei	KILT-EM	0	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	SpanBERT	F1	84.8	—	Unverified
2	Cluster-Former (#C=512)	EM	68	—	Unverified
3	Locality-Sensitive Hashing	EM	66	—	Unverified
4	Multi-passage BERT	EM	65.1	—	Unverified
5	Sparse Attention	EM	64.7	—	Unverified
6	DECAPROP	EM	62.2	—	Unverified
7	Bi-Attention + DCU-LSTM	N-gram F1	59.5	—	Unverified
8	Denoising QA	EM	58.8	—	Unverified
9	DecaProp	EM	56.8	—	Unverified
10	AMANDA	N-gram F1	56.6	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Fourier Transformer	Rouge-L	26.9	—	Unverified
2	QG	Rouge-L	26.4	—	Unverified
3	BART	Rouge-L	24.3	—	Unverified
4	E-MCA	Rouge-L	24	—	Unverified
5	Transformer Multitask + LayerDrop	Rouge-L	23.4	—	Unverified
6	Multi-Inrerleave	Rouge-L	14.63	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Evidence Aggregation via R^3 Re-Ranking	EM (Quasar-T)	42.3	—	Unverified
2	Denoising QA	EM (Quasar-T)	42.2	—	Unverified
3	DecaProp	EM (Quasar-T)	38.6	—	Unverified
4	R^3	EM (Quasar-T)	35.3	—	Unverified
5	GA	EM (Quasar-T)	26.4	—	Unverified
6	BiDAF	EM (Quasar-T)	25.9	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	FiE	Exact Match	58.4	—	Unverified
2	R2-D2 HN-DPR	Exact Match	55.9	—	Unverified
3	UniK-QA	Exact Match	54.9	—	Unverified
4	UnitedQA (Hybrid)	Exact Match	54.7	—	Unverified
5	BPR (linear scan; l=1000)	Exact Match	41.6	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	SPARTA	EM	59.3	—	Unverified
2	Blended RAG	EM	57.63	—	Unverified
3	BERTserini	EM	50.2	—	Unverified
4	BERTserini	EM	38.6	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	UniK-QA	Exact Match	57.7	—	Unverified
2	FiE+PAQ	Exact Match	56.3	—	Unverified
3	FiE	Exact Match	52.4	—	Unverified
4	EMDR2	Exact Match	48.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	DrQA	EM	70	—	Unverified
2	DCN	EM	66.2	—	Unverified
3	MPCM	EM	65.5	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	ERNIE 2.0 Large	EM	64.2	—	Unverified
2	ERNIE 2.0 Base	EM	61.3	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	UniK-QA	Exact Match	65.5	—	Unverified
2	BPR (linear scan; l=1000)	Exact Match	56.8	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	EMDR2	Exact Match	52.5	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	UnitedQA (Hybrid)	Exact Match	70.5	—	Unverified