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Language Modelling

A language model is a model of natural language. Language models are useful for a variety of tasks, including speech recognition, machine translation, natural language generation (generating more human-like text), optical character recognition, route optimization, handwriting recognition, grammar induction, and information retrieval.

Large language models (LLMs), currently their most advanced form, are predominantly based on transformers trained on larger datasets (frequently using words scraped from the public internet). They have superseded recurrent neural network-based models, which had previously superseded the purely statistical models, such as word n-gram language model.

Source: Wikipedia

Papers

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Showing 9001–9050 of 17610 papers

TitleStatusHype
Large Language Model Informed Patent Image Retrieval—0
Large Language Model in Medical Informatics: Direct Classification and Enhanced Text Representations for Automatic ICD Coding—0
Large Language Model Integrated Healthcare Cyber-Physical Systems Architecture—0
Large Language Model Simulator for Cold-Start Recommendation—0
Large Language Model Interface for Home Energy Management Systems—0
Large Language Model is Secretly a Protein Sequence Optimizer—0
Lateral Phishing With Large Language Models: A Large Organization Comparative Study—0
Large Language Model (LLM) AI text generation detection based on transformer deep learning algorithm—0
Large Language Model (LLM) Bias Index -- LLMBI—0
Large Language Model (LLM)-enabled In-context Learning for Wireless Network Optimization: A Case Study of Power Control—0
Large Language Model (LLM) for Telecommunications: A Comprehensive Survey on Principles, Key Techniques, and Opportunities—0
Large Language Model (LLM) for Software Security: Code Analysis, Malware Analysis, Reverse Engineering—0
Large Language Model (LLM) for Standard Cell Layout Design Optimization—0
Large Language Model Meets Constraint Propagation—0
Large Language Model Meets Graph Neural Network in Knowledge Distillation—0
Large Language Model Partitioning for Low-Latency Inference at the Edge—0
Understanding Large Language Models in Your Pockets: Performance Study on COTS Mobile Devices—0
Large language model-powered AI systems achieve self-replication with no human intervention—0
Large language model-powered chatbots for internationalizing student support in higher education—0
Large Language Model-Powered Conversational Agent Delivering Problem-Solving Therapy (PST) for Family Caregivers: Enhancing Empathy and Therapeutic Alliance Using In-Context Learning—0
Large Language Model Prediction Capabilities: Evidence from a Real-World Forecasting Tournament—0
Large Language Model Predicts Above Normal All India Summer Monsoon Rainfall in 2024—0
Large Language Model Programs—0
Large Language Model Prompt Chaining for Long Legal Document Classification—0
Large Language Model Pruning—0
Large Language Model Routing with Benchmark Datasets—0
Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs for Astronomical Entity Disambiguation—0
Large language models and (non-)linguistic recursion—0
Large Language Models and Provenance Metadata for Determining the Relevance of Images and Videos in News Stories—0
Large Language Models and Simple, Stupid Bugs—0
Large Language Models are Biased Because They Are Large Language Models—0
Large Language Models are Few-Shot Health Learners—0
Large Language Models Are More Persuasive Than Incentivized Human Persuaders—0
Large Language Models aren't all that you need—0
Large Language Models are Strong Zero-Shot Retriever—0
Large Language Model as Universal Retriever in Industrial-Scale Recommender System—0
Large Language Models are Few-Shot Clinical Information Extractors—0
Large Language Models as Generalizable Policies for Embodied Tasks—0
Large Language Models as Master Key: Unlocking the Secrets of Materials Science with GPT—0
Large Language Models Based Automatic Synthesis of Software Specifications—0
Large Language Models can be Strong Self-Detoxifiers—0
Large Language Models Can Help Mitigate Barren Plateaus—0
Large language models can replicate cross-cultural differences in personality—0
Large language models can segment narrative events similarly to humans—0
Large Language Models Empowered Agent-based Modeling and Simulation: A Survey and Perspectives—0
Large Language Models Empowered Autonomous Edge AI for Connected Intelligence—0
Large Language Model Sentinel: LLM Agent for Adversarial Purification—0
Large Language Model as a Catalyst: A Paradigm Shift in Base Station Siting Optimization—0
Large Language Models for Bioinformatics—0
Large Language Models for Captioning and Retrieving Remote Sensing Images—0
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All datasetsWikiText-103Penn Treebank (Word Level)enwik8The PileWikiText-2LAMBADAOne Billion WordText8Penn Treebank (Character Level)Hutter PrizeOpenWebTextSALMon

Benchmark Results

#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1Decay RNNValidation perplexity76.67—Unverified
2GRUValidation perplexity53.78—Unverified
3LSTMValidation perplexity52.73—Unverified
4LSTMTest perplexity48.7—Unverified
5Temporal CNNTest perplexity45.2—Unverified
6TCNTest perplexity45.19—Unverified
7GCNN-8Test perplexity44.9—Unverified
8Neural cache model (size = 100)Test perplexity44.8—Unverified
9Neural cache model (size = 2,000)Test perplexity40.8—Unverified
10GPT-2 SmallTest perplexity37.5—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1TCNTest perplexity108.47—Unverified
2Seq-U-NetTest perplexity107.95—Unverified
3GRU (Bai et al., 2018)Test perplexity92.48—Unverified
4R-TransformerTest perplexity84.38—Unverified
5Zaremba et al. (2014) - LSTM (medium)Test perplexity82.7—Unverified
6Gal & Ghahramani (2016) - Variational LSTM (medium)Test perplexity79.7—Unverified
7LSTM (Bai et al., 2018)Test perplexity78.93—Unverified
8Zaremba et al. (2014) - LSTM (large)Test perplexity78.4—Unverified
9Gal & Ghahramani (2016) - Variational LSTM (large)Test perplexity75.2—Unverified
10Inan et al. (2016) - Variational RHNTest perplexity66—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1LSTM (7 layers)Bit per Character (BPC)1.67—Unverified
2HypernetworksBit per Character (BPC)1.34—Unverified
3SHA-LSTM (4 layers, h=1024, no attention head)Bit per Character (BPC)1.33—Unverified
4LN HM-LSTMBit per Character (BPC)1.32—Unverified
5ByteNetBit per Character (BPC)1.31—Unverified
6Recurrent Highway NetworksBit per Character (BPC)1.27—Unverified
7Large FS-LSTM-4Bit per Character (BPC)1.25—Unverified
8Large mLSTMBit per Character (BPC)1.24—Unverified
9AWD-LSTM (3 layers)Bit per Character (BPC)1.23—Unverified
10Cluster-Former (#C=512)Bit per Character (BPC)1.22—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1Smaller Transformer 126M (pre-trained)Test perplexity33—Unverified
2OPT 125MTest perplexity32.26—Unverified
3Larger Transformer 771M (pre-trained)Test perplexity28.1—Unverified
4OPT 1.3BTest perplexity19.55—Unverified
5GPT-Neo 125MTest perplexity17.83—Unverified
6OPT 2.7BTest perplexity17.81—Unverified
7Smaller Transformer 126M (fine-tuned)Test perplexity12—Unverified
8GPT-Neo 1.3BTest perplexity11.46—Unverified
9Transformer 125MTest perplexity10.7—Unverified
10GPT-Neo 2.7BTest perplexity10.44—Unverified