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Language Modelling

A language model is a model of natural language. Language models are useful for a variety of tasks, including speech recognition, machine translation, natural language generation (generating more human-like text), optical character recognition, route optimization, handwriting recognition, grammar induction, and information retrieval.

Large language models (LLMs), currently their most advanced form, are predominantly based on transformers trained on larger datasets (frequently using words scraped from the public internet). They have superseded recurrent neural network-based models, which had previously superseded the purely statistical models, such as word n-gram language model.

Source: Wikipedia

Papers

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Showing 6901–6950 of 17610 papers

TitleStatusHype
LLMs and Stack Overflow Discussions: Reliability, Impact, and Challenges—0
VerMCTS: Synthesizing Multi-Step Programs using a Verifier, a Large Language Model, and Tree SearchCode3
Evaluating the Data Model Robustness of Text-to-SQL Systems Based on Real User QueriesCode0
Agent Smith: A Single Image Can Jailbreak One Million Multimodal LLM Agents Exponentially FastCode2
PRompt Optimization in Multi-Step Tasks (PROMST): Integrating Human Feedback and Heuristic-based SamplingCode1
Visually Dehallucinative Instruction GenerationCode0
Lumos : Empowering Multimodal LLMs with Scene Text Recognition—0
Active Preference Learning for Large Language Models—0
Walia-LLM: Enhancing Amharic-LLaMA by Integrating Task-Specific and Generative Datasets—0
Careless Whisper: Speech-to-Text Hallucination HarmsCode0
Why and When LLM-Based Assistants Can Go Wrong: Investigating the Effectiveness of Prompt-Based Interactions for Software Help-Seeking—0
Aya Model: An Instruction Finetuned Open-Access Multilingual Language Model—0
Autonomous Data Selection with Zero-shot Generative Classifiers for Mathematical TextsCode2
A RAG-Based Multi-Agent LLM System for Natural Hazard Resilience and AdaptationCode1
Game Agent Driven by Free-Form Text Command: Using LLM-based Code Generation and Behavior Branch—0
Pushing The Limit of LLM Capacity for Text Classification—0
Assessing Generalization for Subpopulation Representative Modeling via In-Context Learning—0
Enhancing Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis with AI: Integrating Analytic Hierarchy Process and GPT-4 for Automated Decision Support—0
SemTra: A Semantic Skill Translator for Cross-Domain Zero-Shot Policy Adaptation—0
BreakGPT: A Large Language Model with Multi-stage Structure for Financial Breakout DetectionCode1
MAFIA: Multi-Adapter Fused Inclusive LanguAge Models—0
Diffusion of Thoughts: Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Diffusion Language ModelsCode3
Differentially Private Zeroth-Order Methods for Scalable Large Language Model Finetuning—0
Detecting the Clinical Features of Difficult-to-Treat Depression using Synthetic Data from Large Language ModelsCode0
Benchmarking and Building Long-Context Retrieval Models with LoCo and M2-BERT—0
Suppressing Pink Elephants with Direct Principle Feedback—0
GraphTranslator: Aligning Graph Model to Large Language Model for Open-ended TasksCode2
X-LoRA: Mixture of Low-Rank Adapter Experts, a Flexible Framework for Large Language Models with Applications in Protein Mechanics and Molecular DesignCode3
HyperBERT: Mixing Hypergraph-Aware Layers with Language Models for Node Classification on Text-Attributed HypergraphsCode1
CPSDBench: A Large Language Model Evaluation Benchmark and Baseline for Chinese Public Security Domain—0
Large-Language-Model Empowered Dose Volume Histogram Prediction for Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy—0
Can Graph Descriptive Order Affect Solving Graph Problems with LLMs?—0
Effort and Size Estimation in Software Projects with Large Language Model-based Intelligent Interfaces—0
TransGPT: Multi-modal Generative Pre-trained Transformer for Transportation—0
Using Large Language Models for Student-Code Guided Test Case Generation in Computer Science EducationCode0
Using Large Language Models to Automate and Expedite Reinforcement Learning with Reward Machine—0
ProtIR: Iterative Refinement between Retrievers and Predictors for Protein Function Annotation—0
Sentinels of the Stream: Unleashing Large Language Models for Dynamic Packet Classification in Software Defined Networks -- Position Paper—0
History, Development, and Principles of Large Language Models-An Introductory Survey—0
Optimizing the Design of an Artificial Pancreas to Improve Diabetes Management—0
UrbanKGent: A Unified Large Language Model Agent Framework for Urban Knowledge Graph ConstructionCode2
LiFi: Lightweight Controlled Text Generation with Fine-Grained Control Codes—0
Generating Chain-of-Thoughts with a Pairwise-Comparison Approach to Searching for the Most Promising Intermediate Thought—0
A Tale of Tails: Model Collapse as a Change of Scaling Laws—0
REALM: RAG-Driven Enhancement of Multimodal Electronic Health Records Analysis via Large Language ModelsCode0
ChemLLM: A Chemical Large Language ModelCode1
NLP for Knowledge Discovery and Information Extraction from Energetics Corpora—0
ScreenAgent: A Vision Language Model-driven Computer Control AgentCode4
Language Model Sentence Completion with a Parser-Driven Rhetorical Control MethodCode0
Understanding the Role of Cross-Entropy Loss in Fairly Evaluating Large Language Model-based Recommendation—0
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All datasetsWikiText-103Penn Treebank (Word Level)enwik8The PileWikiText-2LAMBADAOne Billion WordText8Penn Treebank (Character Level)Hutter PrizeOpenWebTextSALMon

Benchmark Results

#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1Decay RNNValidation perplexity76.67—Unverified
2GRUValidation perplexity53.78—Unverified
3LSTMValidation perplexity52.73—Unverified
4LSTMTest perplexity48.7—Unverified
5Temporal CNNTest perplexity45.2—Unverified
6TCNTest perplexity45.19—Unverified
7GCNN-8Test perplexity44.9—Unverified
8Neural cache model (size = 100)Test perplexity44.8—Unverified
9Neural cache model (size = 2,000)Test perplexity40.8—Unverified
10GPT-2 SmallTest perplexity37.5—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1TCNTest perplexity108.47—Unverified
2Seq-U-NetTest perplexity107.95—Unverified
3GRU (Bai et al., 2018)Test perplexity92.48—Unverified
4R-TransformerTest perplexity84.38—Unverified
5Zaremba et al. (2014) - LSTM (medium)Test perplexity82.7—Unverified
6Gal & Ghahramani (2016) - Variational LSTM (medium)Test perplexity79.7—Unverified
7LSTM (Bai et al., 2018)Test perplexity78.93—Unverified
8Zaremba et al. (2014) - LSTM (large)Test perplexity78.4—Unverified
9Gal & Ghahramani (2016) - Variational LSTM (large)Test perplexity75.2—Unverified
10Inan et al. (2016) - Variational RHNTest perplexity66—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1LSTM (7 layers)Bit per Character (BPC)1.67—Unverified
2HypernetworksBit per Character (BPC)1.34—Unverified
3SHA-LSTM (4 layers, h=1024, no attention head)Bit per Character (BPC)1.33—Unverified
4LN HM-LSTMBit per Character (BPC)1.32—Unverified
5ByteNetBit per Character (BPC)1.31—Unverified
6Recurrent Highway NetworksBit per Character (BPC)1.27—Unverified
7Large FS-LSTM-4Bit per Character (BPC)1.25—Unverified
8Large mLSTMBit per Character (BPC)1.24—Unverified
9AWD-LSTM (3 layers)Bit per Character (BPC)1.23—Unverified
10Cluster-Former (#C=512)Bit per Character (BPC)1.22—Unverified
#ModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
1Smaller Transformer 126M (pre-trained)Test perplexity33—Unverified
2OPT 125MTest perplexity32.26—Unverified
3Larger Transformer 771M (pre-trained)Test perplexity28.1—Unverified
4OPT 1.3BTest perplexity19.55—Unverified
5GPT-Neo 125MTest perplexity17.83—Unverified
6OPT 2.7BTest perplexity17.81—Unverified
7Smaller Transformer 126M (fine-tuned)Test perplexity12—Unverified
8GPT-Neo 1.3BTest perplexity11.46—Unverified
9Transformer 125MTest perplexity10.7—Unverified
10GPT-Neo 2.7BTest perplexity10.44—Unverified