Keyword Spotting

In speech processing, keyword spotting deals with the identification of keywords in utterances.

( Image credit: Simon Grest )

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 51–75 of 407 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype	Score
Keyword Transformer: A Self-Attention Model for Keyword Spotting	Apr 1, 2021	Keyword SpottingSpeech Recognition	CodeCode Available	1	5
Learning Audio-Text Agreement for Open-vocabulary Keyword Spotting	Jun 30, 2022	Keyword Spotting	CodeCode Available	1	5
Learning Efficient Representations for Keyword Spotting with Triplet Loss	Jan 12, 2021	ClassificationKeyword Spotting	CodeCode Available	1	5
Auto-KWS 2021 Challenge: Task, Datasets, and Baselines	Mar 31, 2021	AutoMLBIG-bench Machine Learning	CodeCode Available	1	5
LipLearner: Customizable Silent Speech Interactions on Mobile Devices	Feb 12, 2023	Contrastive LearningIncremental Learning	CodeCode Available	1	5
MAST: Multiscale Audio Spectrogram Transformers	Nov 2, 2022	Audio ClassificationKeyword Spotting	CodeCode Available	1	5
MicroNets: Neural Network Architectures for Deploying TinyML Applications on Commodity Microcontrollers	Oct 21, 2020	Anomaly DetectionKeyword Spotting	CodeCode Available	1	5
Few-Shot Open-Set Learning for On-Device Customization of KeyWord Spotting Systems	Jun 3, 2023	Few-Shot LearningKeyword Spotting	CodeCode Available	1	5
Progressive Continual Learning for Spoken Keyword Spotting	Jan 29, 2022	Continual LearningKeyword Spotting	CodeCode Available	1	5
Speech Commands: A Dataset for Limited-Vocabulary Speech Recognition	Apr 9, 2018	Automatic Speech RecognitionAutomatic Speech Recognition (ASR)	CodeCode Available	1	5
Benchmarking Keyword Spotting Efficiency on Neuromorphic Hardware	Dec 4, 2018	BenchmarkingCPU	CodeCode Available	0	5
Neural ODE with Temporal Convolution and Time Delay Neural Networks for Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting	Aug 1, 2020	Keyword SpottingSmall-Footprint Keyword Spotting	CodeCode Available	0	5
Neuromorphic Keyword Spotting with Pulse Density Modulation MEMS Microphones	Aug 9, 2024	Keyword Spotting	CodeCode Available	0	5
Advances in Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting: A Comprehensive Review of Efficient Models and Algorithms	Jun 12, 2025	Automatic Speech RecognitionKeyword Spotting	CodeCode Available	0	5
Avoid Overfitting User Specific Information in Federated Keyword Spotting	Jun 17, 2022	Keyword Spotting	CodeCode Available	0	5
Noise-Robust Keyword Spotting through Self-supervised Pretraining	Mar 27, 2024	DenoisingKeyword Spotting	CodeCode Available	0	5
An Investigation of Few-Shot Learning in Spoken Term Classification	Dec 26, 2018	Few-Shot LearningGeneral Classification	CodeCode Available	0	5
Masked Modeling Duo: Learning Representations by Encouraging Both Networks to Model the Input	Oct 26, 2022	Audio ClassificationAudio Tagging	CodeCode Available	0	5
Online Continual Learning in Keyword Spotting for Low-Resource Devices via Pooling High-Order Temporal Statistics	Jul 24, 2023	Continual LearningKeyword Spotting	CodeCode Available	0	5
Audiomer: A Convolutional Transformer For Keyword Spotting	Sep 21, 2021	Keyword Spotting	CodeCode Available	0	5
Audio Explanation Synthesis with Generative Foundation Models	Oct 10, 2024	BenchmarkingDecision Making	CodeCode Available	0	5
Let SSMs be ConvNets: State-space Modeling with Optimal Tensor Contractions	Jan 22, 2025	Automatic Speech RecognitionAutomatic Speech Recognition (ASR)	CodeCode Available	0	5
Attention-based End-to-End Models for Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting	Mar 29, 2018	Keyword SpottingSmall-Footprint Keyword Spotting	CodeCode Available	0	5
Keyword Spotting Simplified: A Segmentation-Free Approach using Character Counting and CTC re-scoring	Aug 7, 2023	Keyword Spottingobject-detection	CodeCode Available	0	5
JavaScript Convolutional Neural Networks for Keyword Spotting in the Browser: An Experimental Analysis	Oct 30, 2018	Keyword SpottingModel Compression	CodeCode Available	0	5

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All datasets QUESST Google Speech Commands hey Siri FKD Google Speech Commands V2 35 TensorFlow VoxForge Google Speech Commands (v2)Google Speech Commands V2 12

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	NNI non-filtered(for the development set)	Cnxe	6.09	—	Unverified
2	NNI Choi(for the development set)	Cnxe	5.89	—	Unverified
3	NTU rnn (eval)	Cnxe	2.01	—	Unverified
4	NTU dtw (eval)	Cnxe	2.01	—	Unverified
5	NTU dtw (dev)	Cnxe	2.01	—	Unverified
6	NTU rnn (dev)	Cnxe	2.01	—	Unverified
7	ELiRF SDTW (eval)	Cnxe	1.19	—	Unverified
8	ELiRF SDTW-avg (eval)	Cnxe	1.07	—	Unverified
9	ELiRF SDTW (dev)	Cnxe	1.07	—	Unverified
10	CUNY [Subseq+MFCC] (eval)	Cnxe	1.07	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	WaveFormer	Google Speech Commands V2 12	98.8	—	Unverified
2	QNN	Google Speech Commands V2 35	98.6	—	Unverified
3	TripletLoss-res15	Google Speech Commands V1 12	98.56	—	Unverified
4	M2D	Google Speech Commands V2 35	98.5	—	Unverified
5	EAT-S	Google Speech Commands V2 35	98.15	—	Unverified
6	Audio Spectrogram Transformer	Google Speech Commands V2 35	98.11	—	Unverified
7	EdgeCRNN 2.0×	Google Speech Commands V2 12	98.05	—	Unverified
8	BC-ResNet-8	Google Speech Commands V1 12	98	—	Unverified
9	HTS-AT	Google Speech Commands V2 35	98	—	Unverified
10	Wav2KWS	Google Speech Commands V1 12	97.9	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Stacked 1D CNN	Error Rate	1.99	—	Unverified
2	End-to-end DNN-HMM	Error Rate	1.7	—	Unverified
3	HEiMDaL	Error Rate	0.45	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Res26	Accuracy	95.88	—	Unverified
2	EfficientNet-A0 + SA + TL	Accuracy	95.83	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	QuaternionNeuralNetwork	Accuracy (10-fold)	98.53	—	Unverified
2	SSAMBA	Accuracy (10-fold)	97.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	TensorFlow's model version 2	TFMA	89.7	—	Unverified
2	TensorFlow's model version 1	TFMA	85.4	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	2D-ConvNet	Accuracy (%)	95.4	—	Unverified
2	1D-ConvNet	Accuracy (%)	93.7	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Quaternion Neural Networks	Accuracy(10-fold)	98.53	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	MicroNet-KWS-L	Accuracy	95.3	—	Unverified