| KDSM: An uplift modeling framework based on knowledge distillation and sample matching | Mar 6, 2023 | counterfactualKnowledge Distillation | —Unverified | 0 |
| Kernel Methods for Causal Functions: Dose, Heterogeneous, and Incremental Response Curves | Oct 10, 2020 | counterfactualregression | —Unverified | 0 |
| Kindness in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning | Nov 6, 2023 | counterfactualCounterfactual Reasoning | —Unverified | 0 |
| Knowledge-Aligned Counterfactual-Enhancement Diffusion Perception for Unsupervised Cross-Domain Visual Emotion Recognition | May 26, 2025 | counterfactualDomain Adaptation | —Unverified | 0 |
| Knowledge-Based Counterfactual Queries for Visual Question Answering | Mar 5, 2023 | counterfactualDecision Making | —Unverified | 0 |
| Knowledge Graph Completion with Counterfactual Augmentation | Feb 25, 2023 | counterfactualKnowledge Graph Completion | —Unverified | 0 |
| Label-Efficient Training for Next Response Selection | Nov 1, 2020 | counterfactual | —Unverified | 0 |
| LANGTRAJ: Diffusion Model and Dataset for Language-Conditioned Trajectory Simulation | Apr 15, 2025 | Autonomous Vehiclescounterfactual | —Unverified | 0 |
| Large Dimensional Latent Factor Modeling with Missing Observations and Applications to Causal Inference | Oct 18, 2019 | Causal Inferencecounterfactual | —Unverified | 0 |
| Prompting Large Language Models for Counterfactual Generation: An Empirical Study | May 24, 2023 | counterfactualData Augmentation | —Unverified | 0 |
| Large Language Models as Theory of Mind Aware Generative Agents with Counterfactual Reflection | Jan 26, 2025 | Common Sense Reasoningcounterfactual | —Unverified | 0 |
| Large Language Models with Controllable Working Memory | Nov 9, 2022 | counterfactualWorld Knowledge | —Unverified | 0 |
| Large-scale Validation of Counterfactual Learning Methods: A Test-Bed | Dec 1, 2016 | counterfactualOff-policy evaluation | —Unverified | 0 |
| Last-iterate Convergence in Extensive-Form Games | Jun 27, 2021 | counterfactualForm | —Unverified | 0 |
| Latent 3D Brain MRI Counterfactual | Sep 9, 2024 | counterfactual | —Unverified | 0 |
| Latent-CF: A Simple Baseline for Reverse Counterfactual Explanations | Dec 16, 2020 | counterfactualFairness | —Unverified | 0 |
| Latent Drifting in Diffusion Models for Counterfactual Medical Image Synthesis | Dec 30, 2024 | counterfactualImage Generation | —Unverified | 0 |
| Latent Event-Predictive Encodings through Counterfactual Regularization | May 12, 2021 | counterfactualDecision Making | —Unverified | 0 |
| Lazy-CFR: fast and near optimal regret minimization for extensive games with imperfect information | Oct 10, 2018 | counterfactual | —Unverified | 0 |
| Lazy-CFR: fast and near-optimal regret minimization for extensive games with imperfect information | May 1, 2020 | counterfactual | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learned Belief Search: Efficiently Improving Policies in Partially Observable Settings | Jun 16, 2021 | counterfactual | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning Actionable Counterfactual Explanations in Large State Spaces | Apr 25, 2024 | counterfactual | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning Causal Representation for Training Cross-Domain Pose Estimator via Generative Interventions | Jan 1, 2021 | 3D Pose Estimationcounterfactual | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning Continuous Treatment Policy and Bipartite Embeddings for Matching with Heterogeneous Causal Effects | Apr 21, 2020 | Causal Inferencecounterfactual | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning Cooperative Multi-Agent Policies with Partial Reward Decoupling | Dec 23, 2021 | counterfactualMulti-agent Reinforcement Learning | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning Counterfactual Distributions via Kernel Nearest Neighbors | Oct 17, 2024 | counterfactualMatrix Completion | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning Disentangled Representations for CounterFactual Regression | May 1, 2020 | counterfactualregression | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning Disentangled Representations for Counterfactual Regression via Mutual Information Minimization | Jun 2, 2022 | Causal Inferencecounterfactual | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning Efficient and Effective Exploration Policies with Counterfactual Meta Policy | May 28, 2019 | counterfactualEfficient Exploration | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning for Counterfactual Fairness from Observational Data | Jul 17, 2023 | AttributeCausal Discovery | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning from Bandit Feedback: An Overview of the State-of-the-art | Sep 18, 2019 | counterfactualRecommendation Systems | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning from Negative User Feedback and Measuring Responsiveness for Sequential Recommenders | Aug 23, 2023 | counterfactualRecommendation Systems | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning from User Interactions with Rankings: A Unification of the Field | Dec 9, 2020 | counterfactualLearning-To-Rank | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning Generalized Gumbel-max Causal Mechanisms | Nov 11, 2021 | counterfactualCounterfactual Reasoning | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning Global Transparent Models Consistent with Local Contrastive Explanations | Feb 19, 2020 | counterfactual | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning impartial policies for sequential counterfactual explanations using Deep Reinforcement Learning | Nov 1, 2023 | counterfactualDeep Reinforcement Learning | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning in Markov Games with Adaptive Adversaries: Policy Regret, Fundamental Barriers, and Efficient Algorithms | Nov 1, 2024 | counterfactual | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning Policies from Human Data for Skat | May 27, 2019 | Card Gamescounterfactual | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning Post-Hoc Causal Explanations for Recommendation | Jun 30, 2020 | counterfactualRecommendation Systems | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning Robust Models for e-Commerce Product Search | May 7, 2020 | counterfactual | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning Strategic Language Agents in the Werewolf Game with Iterative Latent Space Policy Optimization | Feb 7, 2025 | counterfactualDecision Making | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning Structural Causal Models from Ordering: Identifiable Flow Models | Dec 13, 2024 | Causal Inferencecounterfactual | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning Structural Causal Models through Deep Generative Models: Methods, Guarantees, and Challenges | May 8, 2024 | counterfactual | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning to Balance Altruism and Self-interest Based on Empathy in Mixed-Motive Games | Oct 10, 2024 | counterfactualCounterfactual Reasoning | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning to Be Cautious | Oct 29, 2021 | counterfactualSafe Reinforcement Learning | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning to Communicate Using Counterfactual Reasoning | Jun 12, 2020 | counterfactualCounterfactual Reasoning | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning to Counterfactually Explain Recommendations | Nov 17, 2022 | counterfactualRecommendation Systems | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning to Imagine: Integrating Counterfactual Thinking in Neural Discrete Reasoning | May 1, 2022 | counterfactualQuestion Answering | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning to Infer Counterfactuals: Meta-Learning for Estimating Multiple Imbalanced Treatment Effects | Aug 13, 2022 | counterfactualCounterfactual Inference | —Unverified | 0 |
| Learning to Learn to Predict Performance Regressions in Production at Meta | Aug 8, 2022 | counterfactualPrediction | —Unverified | 0 |