Constituency Parsing

Constituency parsing aims to extract a constituency-based parse tree from a sentence that represents its syntactic structure according to a phrase structure grammar.

Example:

             Sentence (S)
                 |
   +-------------+------------+
   |                          |
 Noun (N)                Verb Phrase (VP)
   |                          |
 John                 +-------+--------+
                      |                |
                    Verb (V)         Noun (N)
                      |                |
                    sees              Bill

Recent approaches convert the parse tree into a sequence following a depth-first traversal in order to be able to apply sequence-to-sequence models to it. The linearized version of the above parse tree looks as follows: (S (N) (VP V N)).

Papers

Recently Added Most Hyped Most Active Needs Verification Most Verified

Showing 1–50 of 204 papers

Title	Date	Tasks	Status	Hype	Score
Grammar-Constrained Decoding for Structured NLP Tasks without Finetuning	May 23, 2023	Code GenerationConstituency Parsing	CodeCode Available	2	5
DadmaTools: Natural Language Processing Toolkit for Persian Language	Jul 1, 2022	ChunkingConstituency Parsing	CodeCode Available	2	5
Multilingual Constituency Parsing with Self-Attention and Pre-Training	Dec 31, 2018	Constituency ParsingUnsupervised Pre-training	CodeCode Available	1	5
ELIT: Emory Language and Information Toolkit	Sep 8, 2021	AMR ParsingConstituency Parsing	CodeCode Available	1	5
Challenges to Open-Domain Constituency Parsing	May 1, 2022	Constituency Parsing	CodeCode Available	1	5
Nested Named Entity Recognition with Partially-Observed TreeCRFs	Dec 15, 2020	Constituency Parsingnamed-entity-recognition	CodeCode Available	1	5
On Parsing as Tagging	Nov 14, 2022	Constituency Parsing	CodeCode Available	1	5
StructFormer: Joint Unsupervised Induction of Dependency and Constituency Structure from Masked Language Modeling	Dec 1, 2020	Constituency ParsingDependency Parsing	CodeCode Available	1	5
Fast and Accurate Neural CRF Constituency Parsing	Aug 9, 2020	Constituency ParsingDependency Parsing	CodeCode Available	1	5
TreeMix: Compositional Constituency-based Data Augmentation for Natural Language Understanding	May 12, 2022	Constituency ParsingData Augmentation	CodeCode Available	1	5
Bottom-Up Constituency Parsing and Nested Named Entity Recognition with Pointer Networks	Oct 11, 2021	Constituency Parsingnamed-entity-recognition	CodeCode Available	1	5
Nested Named Entity Recognition as Latent Lexicalized Constituency Parsing	Mar 9, 2022	Constituency ParsingEntity Typing	CodeCode Available	1	5
Unsupervised Latent Tree Induction with Deep Inside-Outside Recursive Autoencoders	Apr 3, 2019	Constituency ParsingSentence	CodeCode Available	1	5
Learned Incremental Representations for Parsing	May 1, 2022	Constituency ParsingSentence	CodeCode Available	1	5
Improving Constituency Parsing with Span Attention	Oct 15, 2020	Constituency ParsingNatural Language Understanding	CodeCode Available	1	5
Unsupervised Discontinuous Constituency Parsing with Mildly Context-Sensitive Grammars	Dec 18, 2022	Constituency Parsingparameter estimation	CodeCode Available	1	5
Constituency Parsing with a Self-Attentive Encoder	May 2, 2018	Constituency ParsingSentence	CodeCode Available	1	5
N-ary Constituent Tree Parsing with Recursive Semi-Markov Model	Jul 26, 2021	BinarizationConstituency Parsing	CodeCode Available	1	5
Headed-Span-Based Projective Dependency Parsing	Aug 10, 2021	Constituency ParsingDependency Parsing	CodeCode Available	1	5
Strongly Incremental Constituency Parsing with Graph Neural Networks	Oct 27, 2020	Constituency ParsingGraph Neural Network	CodeCode Available	1	5
An Empirical Study of Building a Strong Baseline for Constituency Parsing	Jul 1, 2018	Abstractive Text SummarizationConstituency Parsing	CodeCode Available	0	5
Neural Combinatory Constituency Parsing	Jun 12, 2021	Constituency ParsingSENTS	CodeCode Available	0	5
BERT-Proof Syntactic Structures: Investigating Errors in Discontinuous Constituency Parsing	Aug 1, 2021	Constituency Parsing	CodeCode Available	0	5
Multistage Collaborative Knowledge Distillation from a Large Language Model for Semi-Supervised Sequence Generation	Nov 15, 2023	Constituency ParsingKnowledge Distillation	CodeCode Available	0	5
Dependency Induction Through the Lens of Visual Perception	Sep 20, 2021	Constituency Grammar InductionConstituency Parsing	CodeCode Available	0	5
Multilingual Chart-based Constituency Parse Extraction from Pre-trained Language Models	Apr 8, 2020	Constituency ParsingCross-Lingual Transfer	CodeCode Available	0	5
Less Grammar, More Features	Jun 1, 2014	Constituency ParsingSentiment Analysis	CodeCode Available	0	5
Learning Syntax from Naturally-Occurring Bracketings	Apr 28, 2021	Constituency Parsing	CodeCode Available	0	5
Cascading and Direct Approaches to Unsupervised Constituency Parsing on Spoken Sentences	Mar 15, 2023	Automatic Speech RecognitionAutomatic Speech Recognition (ASR)	CodeCode Available	0	5
LLM-enhanced Self-training for Cross-domain Constituency Parsing	Nov 5, 2023	Constituency ParsingLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	0	5
Multilingual Lexicalized Constituency Parsing with Word-Level Auxiliary Tasks	Apr 1, 2017	Constituency ParsingMorphological Analysis	CodeCode Available	0	5
Improving Unsupervised Constituency Parsing via Maximizing Semantic Information	Oct 3, 2024	Constituency Grammar InductionConstituency Parsing	CodeCode Available	0	5
Improving Sequence-to-Sequence Semantic Parser for Task Oriented Dialog	Nov 1, 2020	Constituency Parsing	CodeCode Available	0	5
Investigating Non-local Features for Neural Constituency Parsing	Sep 27, 2021	Constituency Parsing	CodeCode Available	0	5
Court Judgement Labeling Using Topic Modeling and Syntactic Parsing	Aug 3, 2022	Constituency ParsingDependency Parsing	CodeCode Available	0	5
Grammar as a Foreign Language	Dec 23, 2014	Constituency ParsingCPU	CodeCode Available	0	5
Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar Parsing on Penn Treebank	Jul 5, 2019	Constituency ParsingDecoder	CodeCode Available	0	5
Improved Latent Tree Induction with Distant Supervision via Span Constraints	Sep 10, 2021	Constituency Parsing	CodeCode Available	0	5
Latent Tree Learning with Ordered Neurons: What Parses Does It Produce?	Oct 10, 2020	Constituency ParsingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	0	5
Grammar Induction with Neural Language Models: An Unusual Replication	Aug 29, 2018	Constituency ParsingLanguage Modeling	CodeCode Available	0	5
Converting the Point of View of Messages Spoken to Virtual Assistants	Oct 6, 2020	Constituency ParsingLanguage Modelling	CodeCode Available	0	5
CPTAM: Constituency Parse Tree Aggregation Method	Jan 19, 2022	Constituency ParsingSentence	CodeCode Available	0	5
Cross-Domain Generalization of Neural Constituency Parsers	Jul 9, 2019	Constituency ParsingDomain Generalization	CodeCode Available	0	5
Assessing the Use of Prosody in Constituency Parsing of Imperfect Transcripts	Jun 14, 2021	Automatic Speech RecognitionAutomatic Speech Recognition (ASR)	CodeCode Available	0	5
Automatic Extraction of Clausal Embedding Based on Large-Scale English Text Data	Jun 16, 2025	Constituency Parsing	CodeCode Available	0	5
Ensemble Distillation for Unsupervised Constituency Parsing	Oct 3, 2023	Constituency Grammar InductionConstituency Parsing	CodeCode Available	0	5
Gaussian Mixture Latent Vector Grammars	May 12, 2018	Constituency ParsingPart-Of-Speech Tagging	CodeCode Available	0	5
Effective Self-Training for Parsing	Jun 1, 2006	Constituency Parsing	CodeCode Available	0	5
Approximating CKY with Transformers	May 3, 2023	Constituency ParsingInductive Bias	CodeCode Available	0	5
Direct Output Connection for a High-Rank Language Model	Aug 30, 2018	Constituency ParsingHeadline Generation	CodeCode Available	0	5

Show:10 25 50

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All datasets Penn Treebank CTB5 CTB7 ATB

Benchmark Results

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Hashing + XLNet	F1 score	96.43	—	Unverified
2	SAPar + XLNet	F1 score	96.4	—	Unverified
3	Label Attention Layer + HPSG + XLNet	F1 score	96.38	—	Unverified
4	Attach-Juxtapose Parser + XLNet	F1 score	96.34	—	Unverified
5	Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar Parsing (Joint) + XLNet	F1 score	96.33	—	Unverified
6	CRF Parser + RoBERTa	F1 score	96.32	—	Unverified
7	Hashing + Bert	F1 score	96.03	—	Unverified
8	NFC + BERT-large	F1 score	95.92	—	Unverified
9	N-ary semi-markov + BERT-large	F1 score	95.92	—	Unverified
10	Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar Parsing (Joint) + BERT	F1 score	95.84	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	Attach-Juxtapose Parser + BERT	F1 score	93.52	—	Unverified
2	SAPar + BERT	F1 score	92.66	—	Unverified
3	N-ary semi-markov + BERT	F1 score	92.5	—	Unverified
4	Hashing + Bert	F1 score	92.33	—	Unverified
5	CRF Parser + BERT	F1 score	92.27	—	Unverified
6	Kitaev etal. 2019	F1 score	91.75	—	Unverified
7	CRF Parser	F1 score	89.8	—	Unverified
8	Zhou etal. 2019	F1 score	89.4	—	Unverified
9	Kitaev etal. 2018	F1 score	87.43	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	CRF Parser + Electra	F1 score	91.92	—	Unverified
2	CRF Parser + BERT	F1 score	91.55	—	Unverified
3	CRF Parser	F1 score	88.6	—	Unverified

#	Model	Metric	Claimed	Verified	Status
1	SAPar	F1	83.26	—	Unverified