Towards EMG-to-Speech with a Necklace Form Factor
Peter Wu, Ryan Kaveh, Raghav Nautiyal, Christine Zhang, Albert Guo, Anvitha Kachinthaya, Tavish Mishra, Bohan Yu, Alan W Black, Rikky Muller, Gopala Krishna Anumanchipalli
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Electrodes for decoding speech from electromyography (EMG) are typically placed on the face, requiring adhesives that are inconvenient and skin-irritating if used regularly. We explore a different device form factor, where dry electrodes are placed around the neck instead. 11-word, multi-speaker voiced EMG classifiers trained on data recorded with this device achieve 92.7% accuracy. Ablation studies reveal the importance of having more than two electrodes on the neck, and phonological analyses reveal similar classification confusions between neck-only and neck-and-face form factors. Finally, speech-EMG correlation experiments demonstrate a linear relationship between many EMG spectrogram frequency bins and self-supervised speech representation dimensions.