Toward building next-generation Geocoding systems: a systematic review
Zhengcong Yin, Daniel W. Goldberg, Binbin Lin, Bing Zhou, Diya Li, Andong Ma, Ziqian Ming, Heng Cai, Zhe Zhang, Shaohua Wang, Shanzhen Gao, Joey Ying Lee, Xiao Li, Da Huo
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Geocoding systems are widely used in both scientific research for spatial analysis and everyday life through location-based services. The quality of geocoded data significantly impacts subsequent processes and applications, underscoring the need for next-generation systems. In response to this demand, this review first examines the evolving requirements for geocoding inputs and outputs across various scenarios these systems must address. It then provides a detailed analysis of how to construct such systems by breaking them down into key functional components and reviewing a broad spectrum of existing approaches, from traditional rule-based methods to advanced techniques in information retrieval, natural language processing, and large language models. Finally, we identify opportunities to improve next-generation geocoding systems in light of recent technological advances.