The Pile: An 800GB Dataset of Diverse Text for Language Modeling
Leo Gao, Stella Biderman, Sid Black, Laurence Golding, Travis Hoppe, Charles Foster, Jason Phang, Horace He, Anish Thite, Noa Nabeshima, Shawn Presser, Connor Leahy
Code Available — Be the first to reproduce this paper.
ReproduceCode
- github.com/EleutherAI/The-PileOfficialIn papernone★ 1,639
- github.com/EleutherAI/GPTNeotf★ 8,283
- github.com/EleutherAI/gpt-neotf★ 8,283
- github.com/THUDM/GLMpytorch★ 3,463
- github.com/codedotal/gpt-code-clippyjax★ 3,281
- github.com/ncoop57/gpt-code-clippyjax★ 3,281
- github.com/neutralzz/billapytorch★ 416
- github.com/google-research/lm-extraction-benchmarknone★ 300
- github.com/ai21labs/lm-evaluationtf★ 129
- github.com/Wikidepia/indonesia_datasetnone★ 126
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated that increased training dataset diversity improves general cross-domain knowledge and downstream generalization capability for large-scale language models. With this in mind, we present the Pile: an 825 GiB English text corpus targeted at training large-scale language models. The Pile is constructed from 22 diverse high-quality subsets -- both existing and newly constructed -- many of which derive from academic or professional sources. Our evaluation of the untuned performance of GPT-2 and GPT-3 on the Pile shows that these models struggle on many of its components, such as academic writing. Conversely, models trained on the Pile improve significantly over both Raw CC and CC-100 on all components of the Pile, while improving performance on downstream evaluations. Through an in-depth exploratory analysis, we document potentially concerning aspects of the data for prospective users. We make publicly available the code used in its construction.
Tasks
Benchmark Results
| Dataset | Model | Metric | Claimed | Verified | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Pile | GPT-3 Davinci 175B (pre-trained) | Bits per byte | 0.72 | — | Unverified |
| The Pile | GPT-3 Curie 6.7B (pre-trained) | Bits per byte | 0.8 | — | Unverified |
| The Pile | GPT-3 Babbage 1.3B (pre-trained) | Bits per byte | 0.87 | — | Unverified |
| The Pile | GPT-3 Ada 350M (pre-trained) | Bits per byte | 0.96 | — | Unverified |
| The Pile | GPT-2 XL 1.5B (pre-trained) | Bits per byte | 1.05 | — | Unverified |
| The Pile | GPT-2 Large 774M (pre-trained) | Bits per byte | 1.08 | — | Unverified |
| The Pile | GPT-2 Medium 355M (pre-trained) | Bits per byte | 1.09 | — | Unverified |
| The Pile | GPT-2 Small 124M (pre-trained) | Bits per byte | 1.23 | — | Unverified |