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Photo-Realistic Single Image Super-Resolution Using a Generative Adversarial Network

2016-09-15CVPR 2017Code Available1· sign in to hype

Christian Ledig, Lucas Theis, Ferenc Huszar, Jose Caballero, Andrew Cunningham, Alejandro Acosta, Andrew Aitken, Alykhan Tejani, Johannes Totz, Zehan Wang, Wenzhe Shi

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Abstract

Despite the breakthroughs in accuracy and speed of single image super-resolution using faster and deeper convolutional neural networks, one central problem remains largely unsolved: how do we recover the finer texture details when we super-resolve at large upscaling factors? The behavior of optimization-based super-resolution methods is principally driven by the choice of the objective function. Recent work has largely focused on minimizing the mean squared reconstruction error. The resulting estimates have high peak signal-to-noise ratios, but they are often lacking high-frequency details and are perceptually unsatisfying in the sense that they fail to match the fidelity expected at the higher resolution. In this paper, we present SRGAN, a generative adversarial network (GAN) for image super-resolution (SR). To our knowledge, it is the first framework capable of inferring photo-realistic natural images for 4x upscaling factors. To achieve this, we propose a perceptual loss function which consists of an adversarial loss and a content loss. The adversarial loss pushes our solution to the natural image manifold using a discriminator network that is trained to differentiate between the super-resolved images and original photo-realistic images. In addition, we use a content loss motivated by perceptual similarity instead of similarity in pixel space. Our deep residual network is able to recover photo-realistic textures from heavily downsampled images on public benchmarks. An extensive mean-opinion-score (MOS) test shows hugely significant gains in perceptual quality using SRGAN. The MOS scores obtained with SRGAN are closer to those of the original high-resolution images than to those obtained with any state-of-the-art method.

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Benchmark Results

DatasetModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
BSD100 - 4x upscalingnearest neighborsPSNR25.02Unverified
BSD100 - 4x upscalingSRGANPSNR25.16Unverified
BSD100 - 4x upscalingbicubicPSNR25.94Unverified
BSD100 - 4x upscalingSRResNetPSNR27.58Unverified
FFHQ 1024 x 1024 - 4x upscalingSRGANFID60.67Unverified
FFHQ 256 x 256 - 4x upscalingSRGANFID156.07Unverified
FFHQ 512 x 512 - 4x upscalingSRGANPSNR27.49Unverified
PIRM-testSRGANNIQE2.71Unverified
Set14 - 4x upscalingSRGANPSNR25.99Unverified
Set14 - 4x upscalingbicubicSSIM0.75Unverified
Set14 - 4x upscalingSRResNetPSNR28.49Unverified
Set14 - 4x upscalingnearest neighborsPSNR24.64Unverified
Set5 - 4x upscalingSRGANPSNR29.4Unverified
VggFace2 - 8x upscalingSRGANPSNR23.01Unverified
WebFace - 8x upscalingSRGANPSNR24.49Unverified

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