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Mastering Atari, Go, Chess and Shogi by Planning with a Learned Model

2019-11-19Code Available2· sign in to hype

Julian Schrittwieser, Ioannis Antonoglou, Thomas Hubert, Karen Simonyan, Laurent SIfre, Simon Schmitt, Arthur Guez, Edward Lockhart, Demis Hassabis, Thore Graepel, Timothy Lillicrap, David Silver

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Abstract

Constructing agents with planning capabilities has long been one of the main challenges in the pursuit of artificial intelligence. Tree-based planning methods have enjoyed huge success in challenging domains, such as chess and Go, where a perfect simulator is available. However, in real-world problems the dynamics governing the environment are often complex and unknown. In this work we present the MuZero algorithm which, by combining a tree-based search with a learned model, achieves superhuman performance in a range of challenging and visually complex domains, without any knowledge of their underlying dynamics. MuZero learns a model that, when applied iteratively, predicts the quantities most directly relevant to planning: the reward, the action-selection policy, and the value function. When evaluated on 57 different Atari games - the canonical video game environment for testing AI techniques, in which model-based planning approaches have historically struggled - our new algorithm achieved a new state of the art. When evaluated on Go, chess and shogi, without any knowledge of the game rules, MuZero matched the superhuman performance of the AlphaZero algorithm that was supplied with the game rules.

Tasks

Benchmark Results

DatasetModelMetricClaimedVerifiedStatus
Atari 2600 AlienMuZeroScore741,812.63Unverified
Atari 2600 AmidarMuZeroScore28,634.39Unverified
Atari 2600 AssaultMuZeroScore143,972.03Unverified
Atari 2600 AsterixMuZeroScore998,425Unverified
Atari 2600 AsteroidsMuZeroScore678,558.64Unverified
Atari 2600 AtlantisMuZeroScore1,674,767.2Unverified
Atari 2600 Bank HeistMuZeroScore1,278.98Unverified
Atari 2600 Battle ZoneMuZeroScore848,623Unverified
Atari 2600 Beam RiderMuZeroScore454,993.53Unverified
Atari 2600 BerzerkMuZeroScore85,932.6Unverified
Atari 2600 BowlingMuZeroScore260.13Unverified
Atari 2600 BoxingMuZeroScore100Unverified
Atari 2600 CentipedeMuZeroScore1,159,049.27Unverified
Atari 2600 Chopper CommandMuZeroScore991,039.7Unverified
Atari 2600 Crazy ClimberMuZeroScore458,315.4Unverified
Atari 2600 DefenderMuZeroScore839,642.95Unverified
Atari 2600 Demon AttackMuZeroScore143,964.26Unverified
Atari 2600 Double DunkMuZeroScore23.94Unverified
Atari 2600 EnduroMuZeroScore2,382.44Unverified
Atari 2600 Fishing DerbyMuZeroScore91.16Unverified
Atari 2600 FreewayMuZeroScore33.03Unverified
Atari 2600 FrostbiteMuZeroScore631,378.53Unverified
Atari 2600 GopherMuZeroScore130,345.58Unverified
Atari 2600 GravitarMuZeroScore6,682.7Unverified
Atari 2600 HEROMuZeroScore49,244.11Unverified
Atari 2600 Ice HockeyMuZeroScore67.04Unverified
Atari 2600 James BondMuZeroScore41,063.25Unverified
Atari 2600 KangarooMuZeroScore16,763.6Unverified
Atari 2600 KrullMuZeroScore269,358.27Unverified
Atari 2600 Kung-Fu MasterMuZeroScore204,824Unverified
Atari 2600 Montezuma's RevengeMuZeroScore0Unverified
Atari 2600 Ms. PacmanMuZeroScore243,401.1Unverified
Atari 2600 Name This GameMuZeroScore157,177.85Unverified
Atari 2600 PhoenixMuZeroScore955,137.84Unverified
Atari 2600 Pitfall!MuZeroScore0Unverified
Atari 2600 PongMuZeroScore21Unverified
Atari 2600 Private EyeMuZeroScore15,299.98Unverified
Atari 2600 Q*BertMuZeroScore72,276Unverified
Atari 2600 River RaidMuZeroScore323,417.18Unverified
Atari 2600 Road RunnerMuZeroScore613,411.8Unverified
Atari 2600 RobotankMuZeroScore131.13Unverified
Atari 2600 SeaquestMuZeroScore999,976.52Unverified
Atari 2600 SkiingMuZeroScore-29,968.36Unverified
Atari 2600 SolarisMuZeroScore56.62Unverified
Atari 2600 Space InvadersMuZeroScore74,335.3Unverified
Atari 2600 Star GunnerMuZeroScore549,271.7Unverified
Atari 2600 SurroundMuZeroScore9.99Unverified
Atari 2600 TennisMuZeroScore0Unverified
Atari 2600 Time PilotMuZeroScore476,763.9Unverified
Atari 2600 TutankhamMuZeroScore491.48Unverified

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